2021年1月23日发(作者：genuine什么意思)
“
Ex

w
orks
posal of the buyer at the seller' s premises or another named place ( i. e. wa&s,
factory, warehouse,
etc. ) not cleared for export and not loaded
on any collecting
vehicle.
This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller, and tile buyer
has to bear all costs and risks involved m taking the goods from the seller's
premises.
However, if the parties wish the seller to be responsible for the loading of the
goods on departure and to bear the risks and all the costs of such loading, this
should be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of
sale
1
. This term should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out the export
formalities directly or indirectly. In such circumstances, the FCA term should be
used, provided the seller agrees that he will load at his cost and risk.

F
ree
Ca
rrier
the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It should be noted that the
chosen
place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading
and unloading
the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the seller's premises, the seller
is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is
not responsible for unloading.
term may he used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal
transport.

means
any
person
who,
in
a
contract
of
carriage,
undertakes
to
perform
orto
procure
the
performance
of
transport
by
rail,
road,
air,
sea,
inland
waterway
or by a combination of such modes.
If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the
seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they
me delivered to that person.
“
F
ree
A
longside
S
hip
alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has
to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.
The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
THIS IS A REVERSAL FROM PREVIOUS INCOTERMS VERSIONS WHICH REQUIRED THE BUYER TO
ARRANGE FOR EXPORT CLEARANCE.
However,
if
the
parties
wish
the
buyer
to
clear
the
goods
for
export,
this
should
be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale
1
.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
“
F
ree
o
n
B
oard
rail
at
the
named
port
of
shipment.
This
means
that
the
buyer
has
to
bear
all
costs
and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires
the
seller
to
clear
the
goods
for
export.
This
term
can
be
used
only
for
sea
or
inland
waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the
ship's rail, the FCA term should he used.
“
C
ost and
Fr
eight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship'
s rail in the port of shipment.
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
and
freight
necessary
to
bring
the
goods
to
the
paned
port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any
additional
costs
due
to
events
occurring
after
the
time
of
delivery,
we
transferred
from the seller to the buyer.
The
CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can he used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties
do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the CPT term should be
used.
“
C
ost,
I
nsurance and
F
reight
pass
the ship's rail in the port of shipment.
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
and
freight
necessary
to
bring
the
pods
to
the
named
port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any
additional
costs
due
to
events
occurring
after
the
time
of
delivery,
are
transferred
from
the
seller
to
the
buyer.
However,
in
CIF
the
seller
also
has
to
procure
marine
insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the
carriage.
Consequently,
the
seller
contracts
for
insurance
and
pays
the
insurance
premium.
The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is required to obligation
insurance only on minimum cover1. Should the buyer wish to have the protection of
greater cover, he would either need to agree as such expressly with the seller or
to make his own extra insurance arrangements.
The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties
intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the CIP term should be used.