2021年1月23日发(作者：toolbox是什么)
虚拟语气的特殊用法

江苏省郑集高级中学

李博雅
< br>一．在动词
suggest(
提议
,
提出
,
建议),
advise(
劝告
,
忠告
),
order(
命令
,
下令
,
吩咐
),
demand(
要求
),
propose(
提议
),
require(
要求
),
insist(
坚持
,
坚决主张
),
command(
命令
),
request(
请求
,
恳求
),
desire(
请求
),
prefer(
提出
)
等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从
句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句 、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“
should +
动
词原形”构成的虚拟语气
, should
可以省略。如：

1. The man demanded that Tom (
should
)
apologize
.
2. He insisted that we (
should
)
take

up
the matter at the meeting.
3. I requested that he (
should
)
use
his influence on my behalf.
4. The general ordered the soldiers (
should
)
cross
the river at once.
（宾语从句）

= The general
’
s order was that the soldiers (
should
)
cross
the river at once.
（表语从句）

= It was ordered that the soldiers (
should
)
cross
the river at once.
（主语从句）

= The general gave the order that the soldiers (
should
)
cross
the river at once.
（同位语从句）

5. I suggest that he (
should
)
be
careful.
（宾语从句）

= My suggestion is that he (
should
)
be
careful.
（表语从句）

= It is suggested that he (
should
)
be
careful.
（主语从句）

= I gave him the suggestion that he (
should
)
be
careful.
（同位语从句）

二．在动词
wish
后的宾语从 句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式
(
常含有情态
动词
cou ld
或
would)
；过去的动作用过去完成式。
wish
用过去式 ，从句中与
wished
同时
发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式
(< br>也常含有情态动词
could
或
would)
；
在
w ished
之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如：

1. How I wish I
could fly
to the moon.
2. He wishes I
had come
yesterday.
3. I wished he
could come
to give me a hand.
4. We wished he
had received
the news two days earlier.
三．
在以

in order that, so that
引导的状语从句中，
谓语常用
“
may, might, can, could, will, would,
should
+
动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“
should
+
动词原形”
，特别是从句为
否定结构。如：

1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students
could / might hear
clearly.
2. What is needed in order that electrical charges
may move
?
3. She stood away so that I
should enter
first.
4. I got up early so that I
should not miss
the train.
四．在
had better
表示建议或劝告时，其后的从句谓语用过去式构成的虚拟语气。如：

I had better you
came
yesterday.
五．
在
“
It is (high / about) time that-clause.
”
句型中，
从句的谓语常用过去式或
should
加动词原
形构成的虚拟语气。如：



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1. It is time we
had
/
should have
lunch.
2. It
’
s (high) time I
went
and
picked up / should go
and
pick up
my little girl from school.
六．在“
would/had rather that-clause
，
would sooner that-claus e
”结构中
,
从句的谓语用虚拟语气。
现在或将来的动作用过去式，过去的动 作用过去完成式。如：

1. I would much rather it
was

forgotten
.
2. Would you rather I
did
it?
3. I had rather you
did
it.
4. I
’
d rather you
knew
that now, than afterwards.
5. I would rather they
had gone
there too.
6. I could go myself but would sooner you
went
.

七．在“
would rather do sth. than that-clause
”结构中的从句谓语，应用“
should +
动词原形”
构成的虚拟语气。如：

I would rather lose a dozen of cherry trees than that you
should tell
a lie.
八．在“
would rather that-clause than that-clause
”结构中，两从句的谓语 用虚拟语气。现在或将
来的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式。如：

1. I would rather you
showed
me with your hearts than you
promised
me with your words.
2. I would rather you
had done
it than Tom
had
.

九．在
as if, as though, even if, even though
引导的状语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气< br>(
现在的动作
用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式
)
。如：

1. The old machine operates as if it
were / was
a new one.(
现在的动作
)
2. Even though she
had been
very busy, she would have helped us.(
过去的动作
)
十．
含有介词
without, but for, except for
短语的句子，
谓语常用虚拟语气，
现在的动作用
“
should
或< br>would +
动词原形”
，过去的动作用“
should
或
would have +
过去词”
。如：

1. But for Chairman Mao, we
should
at least
be wandering
about in the darkness.
2. Without your advice, I
would have failed
.
十一．在含有“
if it were not for +
宾语”或“
were it not for +
宾语”及“
But that +
从句”表示
的假设条件从句时，主句谓语 应用虚拟语气，现在的情况用“情态动词的过去式

+
动词
原形”
，过去的情况用“情态动词的过去式

+
动词的完成式”
。如：

1. Were it not for the leadership of our Party, we
could not live
a happy life.
2. Had it not been for the leadership of our Party, we
should have failed
. (
属
were it not for
的过
去完成式
)
3. But that he saw it, he
could not believe
it.
4. If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we
should fail
.
5. If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we
should not have made
so much progress.
6.
★

If it were not for the collective strength, it
wouldn
’
t have been
possible for us to live so well.
7.
★

If it had not been for me, you
would not be free
.
十二．在“
It is / was + adj. + that- clause
”句型中，从句的谓语用“
should +
动词原形”构成的虚拟语气，
should
常省略。其中形容词常为
: necessary, important, strange, right, fair, just, better,
natural, impossible, reasonable
等。如：

1. It is necessary that he (
should
)
be sent
there at once.



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