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There be
句型的几种特殊结构及其用法
There be
句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。
但是对
there be
句型的 多变的特点及其特殊
结构的复杂性,并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这 一句型
结构的试题。
例如:
Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon
.
A
)
there to be a chance
B
)
there being a chance
C
)
there be a chance
D
)
being a chance
该题的答案为
B
)
。
动词
dream of
要求跟
V-ing
分词结构作宾语,
更准确地讲是介词
of
后要求跟
V-ing
分词结
构作宾语,
there being a chance
意为
有一个机会
;
A
)和
C
)两 项均不符合句子结构的要求,
所以不是答案选项,而
D
)项
being a chance
虽然是
V-ing
分词结构,但语义不通,故不能
雪
又如:
No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day
.
A
)
there be
B
)
there would be C
)
there was
D
)
there being
该题的答案为
D
)
。介词
about
后要求跟
V-ing
分词结构作宾语,
there being
(
a lecture
)意
为
有(一个讲座)< br>
,而
A
)
、
B
)和
C
)项内容均不 符合结构要求,故不能雪
再如:
It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others
who join in by clapping
,
singing
,
or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound
.
该句子中出现了
for
there
to
be
的结构,如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解:介词后要求跟
V-ing
分 词结构作宾语,那么,这一结构似乎是错的;但是,实际上此结构没有错,此处只
能够用
for there to be
,而不能用
there being
。为什么呢?这就是本文想要解答的问题:
there
be
句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将
there
be
句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总
结如下,供读者参考。
一、
there be
句型与各种情态动词连用。
例如:
There must be something wrong here
.
There might still be some vacant seats in the rear
.
There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking
.
二、
there be
句型中的谓语动词
be
被
be likely to be
,
happen to be
,
seem
(
to be
)
,
occur
等代
替,用来描写事物。例如:
There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for
.
There happened to be nobody in the room
.
There doesn
’
t seem to be much hope of our beating that team
.
There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape
,
the relative length of day and
night
,
and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are
.
There have occurred many great changes since we met last
.
1
三、
there be
句型中的谓语动词
be
被一些不及物动词代替,
如
liv e
,
stand
,
exist
,
remain
等,
用来表示
静止、存在、有
。例如:
There lives a family of five in the village
.
There remains nothing more to be done
.
There stands the Monument to the People
’
s Heroes at the center of the Tiananmen Square
.
There exist different opinions on this question
.
四、
there be
句型中的谓语动词
be
被一些不及物动词代替,
如
come
,
spring up
,
appear
,
emerge
,
arrive
,
enter
,
follow ,
等,用来表示
突然出现
。例如:
There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet
.
There came a company of actors and actresses
.
There followed a spirited discussion after class
.
五、
there be
句型中
be
用不定式,形成
(
for
)
there to be
+宾格词
结构,表示
有
或
存在
(某种情况)
,在
(
for
)
the re to be
+宾格词
的结构中,主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构
在句 中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。
1
.
+宾格词
在句中作宾语。例如:
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams
.
+宾格词
结构在句中作动词
expect
的宾语,句中的宾格词
m ore review-
ing classes
作
不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是
there
后的不定式只能用
的形式,因为这种不定式结构是从
结 构转化而来的。又如:
People don
’
t want there to be another war
.
Members like there to be plenty of choice
.
Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be
an end to the big cities
.
It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others
who join in by clapping
,
singing
,
or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound
.
to
be
+宾格 词
结构在句中作介词
for
的宾语,句中的宾格词
an
ensemble
of
expert musicians
作
不定式结构的逻辑主语。
2
.
+宾格词
在句中作状语。例如:
It isn
’
t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight
,
so I can leave Jim
’
s car out quite safely
.
(
there to be
+宾格词
作结果状语)
特别应该注意的是,
+宾格词
在句中作状语时必须用介词
for
引出
there be
后面的宾格词。又如:
For
there
to
be
successful
communication
,
there
must
be
attentiveness
and
involvement
in
the
discussing itself by all present
.
(
+宾格词
作目的状语)
They planned for there to be another meeting
.
(
+宾格词
作目的状语)
3
.
+宾格词
在句中作主语。例如:
It
’
s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company
.
特别应该注意的是,
there
to
be
+宾格词
在句中作主语时必须用介词
for
引出
there
be
后面的宾格
词。又如:
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