2021年1月23日发(作者：jave)
英语基本文学词汇表（中英文对照）

Allegory
寓言
< br>一种诗体或散文体的故事
,
其人物、行为或背景代表某些抽象的意义或伦理。因
此每个寓言都有两层意义：字面意义和象征意义。约翰
.
班扬的《天路历程》就
是一部 著名的寓言。

A
tale
in
verse
or
prose
in
which
characters,
actions,
or
settings
represent
abstract
ideas
or
moral
qualities.
Thus,
an
allegory
is
a
story
with
two
meanings,
a
literal
meaning and a symbolic
meaning.
The
most
famous allegory
in
English
literature
is
John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.


Alliteration
头韵

头韵一组词中相同或相似辅音 或辅音组的重复。有时该词仅指词首辅音的重复。
如
The
sun sank sl owly
中即使用了头韵法
—
s
音的重复。又如著名英国女作家奥
斯 汀的《傲慢与偏见》
（
Pride and Prejudice
）也是典型的头韵法。

The repetition of similar sounds,
usually consonants or consonant clusters,
in a
group
of
words. Sometimes
the term
is
limited to
the repetition of
initial consonant sounds.
When
alliteration
occurs
at
the
beginning
of
words,
it
is
called
initial
alliteration;
when
it
occurs
within
words,
it
is
called
internal
or
hidden
alliteration.
It
usually
occurs on stressed syllables.
A
well-known example of alliteration
is the story Pride
and Prejudice from Jane Austin.

Allusion
典故

诗文中对出自历史、地理、文学、宗教的人物、地点、事件或文学作品的暗指或
引用。如麦克白（
Macbeth
）第一幕中，罗斯（
Ross
）称 赞麦克白在战斗中的勇
敢与高超技艺，称他是“贝娄娜（
Bellona
）的新郎”< br>，即是在引用典故，因为在
罗马神话中，贝娄娜是战争女神。

A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a
literary
work that a writer expects the
reader
to
recognize
and
respond
to.
An
allusion
may
be
drawn
from
history
,
geography
,
literature,
or
religion.
In
Act
One
of
Macbeth,
Ross
praises
Macbeth’s
valor
and
skill
in
battle
by
referring
to
him
as
“Bellona’s
bridegroom”.
IN
Roman
mythology Bellona ws the goddess of war.

Analogy
类比

将两个事物相比以显示其间的相似之处。
类 比常用来解释
（通过比较熟悉的事物
来说明不熟悉的事物）或辩论
(
通过一件 事情的真实性证明另件事情的真实性
)
。
E.M.
福斯特
（
E.M. Froster
）
在
《论英国人的性格》
（
Notes on the English Character
）
一文中把英国人的性格与大海作了一番 比较，所使用的手法即是类比。

A
comparison
made
between
two
things
to
show
the
similarities
between
them.
Analogies
are
often
used
for
illustration
(to
explain
something
unfamiliar
by
comparing
it to something
familiar) or
for argument (to persuade that
what
holds true
for one thing holds true for the thing to which it is compared). In Notes on the English
Character,
E.M.
Forster
develops
an
analogy
between
the
sea
and
the
English
character.

Antagonist
反面人物，敌手

故事中反对主人公的人物或力量， 即男主角或女主角的对手。如伊阿古（
Iago
）
是《奥塞罗》
（
O thello
）中的主要反面人物，处心积虑地陷害奥塞罗，是奥塞罗
的敌人。

A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of the hero or heroine.
Famous
antagonists
in
literature
include
Professor
Moriarty
,
Sherlock
Holmes
’s
antagonist in Arthur Conan Doyle’s detective stories, and Iago, Othello’s antagonist in
the literary work Othello.

Antithesis
对偶

两个相互比照 的思想、
词语、
词组或句子的并列。
对偶通常用一个对称的句子来
表达，即用 相同或相似的语法结构来表达相互比照的思想。如：亚历山大
.
蒲伯
（
Ale xander Pope
）在其《批评论》
（
Essay on Criticism
）中即用了一个很有名的
对偶句“
To err is human , to forgive divine”(
人非圣贤，孰能无过
)
。

The balancing of two contrasting
ideas,
words, phrases, or sentences. An antithesis
is
often
expressed
in
a
balanced
sentence,
that
is
,
a
sentence
in
which
identical
or
similar
grammatical structure
is used to express contrasting
ideas. A
famous example
of antithesis is this line from Alexander Pope’s Essay on Criticism: “ To err is human,
to forgive divine.”


Aphorism
格言，警句

一句表达对于生活的真知灼见的简练的话语，
通常采取定义的形式。
如：
弗朗西
斯
.
培根（
Fr ancis Bacon
）的名言：
“
Silence is the virtue
of fools”
。
（沉默是傻瓜们
的优点。
）

A concise, Pointed statement expressing a
wise or clever observation about
life. For
example, “Silence is the virtue of fools”.


Apostrophe
呼语法

指在演说或文章中用第二人称称 呼不在场的人物或拟人化事物的手法。
如：
拜伦
（
George Gordon Byron
）在《恰尔德
.
哈罗德游记》
（
Childe Harald’s Pilg
rimage
）
中对海洋说，
“
Roll on, thee deep and dark blue Ocean-
roll”,
即是使用了呼语法。

A
figure
of
speech
in
which
an
absent
or
a
dead
person,
an
abstract
quality
,
or
something
nonhuman
is addressed directly
.
George Gordon
Byron
uses apostrophe
in
Childe
Harold’s
Pilgrimage

when
he
addresses
the
ocean:
“Roll
on,
thou
deep
and
dark blue Ocean-
roll!”


Aside
旁白

指戏剧中，
剧中人物低声或直接对着观众所说的话，
舞台上的其他任务被假设听
不见 。
这种手法常被用来向观众披露人物的内心情感，
因此旁白者被设定是在讲
真话。
In drama,
lines spoken by a character
in an
undertone or directly to
the audience. An
aside is meant to be heard by the audience, but it is supposedly not heard by the other
characters onstage.