2021年1月23日发(作者：整机)
The Elizabethan time:
refer to the period in English history from
1485 to 1625.
This
English
Renaissance
and saw the flowering of poetry, music and literature. The
era is most famous for
theatre
, as
William Shakespeare
and many others
composed plays that broke free of England's past style of theatre. It was
an age of exploration and expansion abroad, while back at home,
the
Protestant Reformation
became more acceptable to the people,
most certainly after the
Spanish Armada
was repulsed. It was also the
end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal
union with Scotland.

Renaissance
（文艺复兴）
:
The Renaissance Movement is a great
revolution carried out in the fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century
Europe. It marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world
in Western Europe. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and
gradually spread all over Europe. T
he word “Renaissance” means rebirth
or revival. In essence, it is a historical period in which the European
humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old
feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that
expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the
restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities.
Two features of renaissance: It is a thirsting curiosity for the classical
literature. People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as
models of literary form. It is the keen interest in the activities of
humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
Humanism:
A philosophy that places faith in the dignity of
humankind and rejects the medieval perception of the individual as a
weak, fallen creature.
of human nature and view reason and education as the means to that
end.
The English Reformation
: was a series of events in 16th
century
England
by which the
Church of England
broke away from the
authority of the
Pope
and the
Catholic Church
.
Sonnet


a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length:
iambic pentameters in English, alexandrines in French, hendecasyllables
in ltalian. He rhyme schemes of the sonnet follow two basic patterns.
①

The Italian sonnet (also called the Petrarchan sonnet after
the most influential of the Italian sonneteers) comprises an 8-line
‘octave’of
two quatrains, rhymed
abbaabba
, followed by a 6-line
‘sestet’ usually rhymed
cdecde
or
cdcdcd
. The transition from
octave to sestet usually coincides with a ‘turn’ ( ltalian,
volta
)in
the argument or mood of the poem. In a variant form used by the
Englis
h poet John Milton, however, the ‘turn’ is delayed to a later
position around the tenth line. Some later poets----notably
William Wordsworth----have employed this feature of the
‘Miltonic sonnet’while relaxing the rhyme scheme of the octave to
abbaacca
. The Italian pattern has remained the most widely used
in English and other languages.
②

The English sonnet (also called the
Shakespearean sonnet

after its foremost practitioner) comprises three quatrains and a
final couplet, rhyming
ababcdcdefefgg
. An important variant of
this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by the Elizabethan poet
Edmund Spenser), which links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the
sequence
ababbabccdcdee
. In either form, the ‘turn’comes with
the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of
an epigram.
Spenserian Stanza
（斯宾塞诗节）

A nine-line stanza rhyming in an
ababbcbcc pattern in which the first eight lines are iambic pentameter
and the last line is an iambic hexameter line. The name
Spenserian

comes from the form’s
most famous user, Spenser, who used it in
The
Fairie Queene
. Other examples include Keat’s “Eve of Saint Agnes” and
Shelley’s “Adonais.” The Spenserian stanza is probably the longest and
most intricate stanza generally employed in narrative poetry.


The Spenserian sonnet uses three quatrains and a couplet like the
Shakespearean, but links their three rhyme schemes in this way:
abab
bcbc cdcd ee.
The Spenserian sonnet develops its
theme
in two parts like