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高考英语阅读理解怎样做
1.
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料
(
或所读材料片 断
)
中心思想的概括。
做这类题时,
考生应通读全文,
把握文章大意 或中心思想,
同时注意文章的主
题句,
因为主题句表达中心思想,
其他句子均 围绕主题句进行展开。
主题句通
常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方,但位于 段落中间
(
通
常是第一段或最后一段的中间
)
也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多,
如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。请看下面一个段落:
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs
I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job
in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of
all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎
What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer
’
s unhappy school life
B. The writer
’
s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer
’
s experience as a full- time worker
D. The writer
’
s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五个自然 段,上面摘录的只是文章的第
1
个自然段,但是如果
考生训练有素的话,
只要 读完这个段落就可猜出此题的答案了。
因为文章第一
句说
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs
主旨大意题
I would rather forget
,
接着 作者用
but
引出一个新的情况
(
即主题句
)
:
n one
of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant.
再接下来又
说:
The
work
was
hard;
the
pay
was
poor;
and,
most
of
all,
the
working conditions were terrible.
聪明的读者至此应该可以猜测到,下面
的几个段落肯定是介绍这个
apple
plant
的
work
是如何的
hard
,它的
pay
是如何的
poor
,它的
working conditions
是如何的
terrible
等。比较四个
选项,只有选项
D
所表述内容合乎上面的分析,故选
D
。
2.
顾名思义,
事实细节题即指针对文章 的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。
事
实细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构 转换后进行考查、
也可能是将文章中的几个细节
(
通常是四个
)
放在 一起要求考生判断是非
(
选出
正确的一项或选出错误的一项
)
或对几 个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,
一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,
即根据题干或选项中的 线索词从原文中找到
相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案
(
此时要特别注意一些 常见的同义
转换或简单换算
)
。请看下面一道事实细节题:
Tuition Fees(
学费
)
Tuition
fees
are
different
from
department
to
department,
generally
from
$$5,000
to
$$6,000
a
year.
For
further
information:
tui@
Accommodation(
住宿
)
事实细节题
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about
$$100 a month with other regular living costs of about $$150 a month
for one person. For further information: ave@
◎
You
have
to
pay
at
least
______
a
year
if
you
study
at
the
University of Waikato.
A. $$5,250 B. $$8,000 C. $$9,000 D. $$11,000
根据
Tuition
fees
一节的内容可知,一年的学费最低为
5,000
美元,再
根据
Accommodation(
住宿
)
一节可知,除学费外,还有住宿费
(
每月
100
美
元
)
和生活费
(
每月
150
美元
)
,
即一年大约共
3,000
美元,
所以在
WaiKato
大
学读书一年至少要花费
5,000+3,000=8 ,000
美元,故答案为
B
。
3.
这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的 指代意义,
它主要考查考生
在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。
做这类题时,
考生不仅要读懂相
关句子的句意,
理顺相关句子的逻辑关系,
而且还要学会合 理变通,
尤其要学
会变通理解其中的同义表达。请看下面一个片断和一个道词义猜测题:
Many
creative
thinkers
state
that
they
have
completely
devoted
themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long
periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this.
Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything
very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries
of
代词指代题
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