2021年1月23日发(作者：geography是什么意思)
考研英语一新题型排序题


Passage 1



Directions:
For
question
1
—
5,
choose
the
most
suitable
paragraphs
from
the
list
A
—
G
and
fill
them
into
the
numbered
boxes
to
form
a
coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.



[A]
Subscription
has
proved
by
far
the
best
way
of
paying
for
high
quality
television.
Advertising
veers
up
and
down
with
the
economic cycle, and can be skipped by using digital video recorders. And
any
outfit
that
depends
on
advertising
is
liable
to
worry
more
about
offending advertisers than about pleasing viewers. V
oluntary subscription
is
also
preferable
to
the
compulsory,
universal
variety
that
pays
for
the
BBC and other European public broadcasters. A broadcaster supported by
a
tax
on
everyone
must
try
to
please
everyone.
And
a
government
can
starve
public
broadcasters
of
money,
too
—
as
the
BBC
is
painfully
learning.



[B] What began as an interesting experiment has become the standard
way
of
supporting
high
quality
programming.
Most
of
the
great
television
dramas
that
are
watched
in
America
and
around
the
world
appear
first
on
pay
TV
channels.
Having
shown
others
how
to
make
gangster dramas with “The Sopranos”, HBO is laying down the standard
for
fantasy
with
“Game
of
Thrones”.
Other
pay
TV
channels
have
delved
into
1960s
advertis
ing
(“Mad
Men”),
drug
dealing
(“Breaking
Bad”)
and
Renaissance
court
society
(“The
Borgias”).
Pay
outside
America,
like
Britain
TV
firms
s
BSkyB,
are
beginning
to
pour
money
television, in part because
into original series. Talent is drifting to pay
there
are
fewer
appealing
roles
in
film.
Meanwhile, broadcast
networks
have retreated into a safe zone of sitcoms, police procedurals and singing
competitions.



[C]
But
pay
television
is
now
under
threat,
especially
in
America.
Prices have been driven so high at a time of economic malaise that many
people
simply
cannot
afford
it.
Disruptive,
deep
pocketed
firms
like
delivered
Amazon
and
Netflix
lurk,
whispering
promises
of
internet
films
and
television
shows
for
little
or
no
money.
Whether
the
lure
of
such
alternatives
or
poverty
is
what
is
causing
people
to
cancel
their
subscriptions is not clear. But the proportion of Americans who pay for
TV is falling. Other countries may follow.



[D]
Pay
TV
executives
argue
that
people
will
always
find
ways
of
paying
for
their
wares,
perhaps
by
cutting
back
on
cinema
tickets
or
bottled
water.
That
notion
seems
increasingly
hopeful.
Every
month
it
appears more likely that the pay TV system will break down. The era of
ever
growing
channel
choice
is
coming
to
an
end;
cable
and
satellite
distributors
will
begin
to
prune
the
least
popular
ones.
They
may
push
“best
of
basic”
packages,
offering
the
most
desirable
channels—
and
perhaps
leaving
out
sport.
In
the
most
disruptive
scenario,
no
longer
unimaginable,
pay
TV
would
become
a
free
for
all,
with
channels
hawking themselves directly to consumers, perhaps sending their content
over the internet. How can media firms survive in such a world?



[E]
Fifteen
years
ago
nearly
all
the
television
shows
that
excited
critics
and
won
awards
appeared
on
free
broadcast
channels.
Pay
television (or, as many Americans call it, “cable”) was the domain
of
repeats,
music
videos
and
televangelists.
Then
HBO,
a
subscription
outfit mostly known for boxing and films, decided to try its hand at hour
long dramas.



[F] But television as a whole should emerge stronger. If people buy
individual
channels
rather
than
a
huge
bundle,
they
will
have
to
think
about what they really value
—
the more so because each channel will cost
more
than
it
does
at
present.
Media
firms
will
improve
their
game
in
response.
The
activity
that
diverts
the
average
American
for
some
four
and a half hours each day should become more gripping, not less.



[G] It won
present
the
pay
t be easy. They will have to start marketing heavily: at
TV
distributors
do
that
for
them.
They
must
produce
much more of their own programming. Repeats and old films lose their
appeal in a world in which consumers can instantly call up vast archives.
If
they
are
to
sell
directly
to
the
audience
they
will
have
to
become
technology firms, building apps and much slicker websites than they have
now, which anticipate what customers might want to watch.



1→2→A→3→D→4→5




Passage 2



Directions:
For
question
1
—
5,
choose
the
most
suitable
paragraphs
from
the
list
A
—
G
and
fill
them
into
the
numbered
boxes
to
form
a
coherent text. Paragraphs D and E have been correctly placed.



[A]
For
publishers,
though,
it
is
a
dangerous
time.
Book
publishing
resembles the newspaper business in the late 1990s, or music in the early
2000s. Although revenues are fairly stable, and the traditional route is still
the only way to launch a blockbuster, the climate is changing. Some of
the
publishers
functions
—
packaging
books
and
promoting
them
to
shops
—
are becoming obsolete. Algorithms and online recommendations
threaten to replace them as arbiters of quality. The tide of self
published
books threatens to swamp their products. As bookshops close, they lose a
crucial
showcase.
And
they
face,
as
the
record
companies
did,
a
near
monopoly controlling digital distribution: Amazon
’
s grip over the
ebook market is much like Apple
’
s control of music downloads.



[B]
They
also
need
to
become
more
efficient.
Digital
books
can
be
distributed
globally,
but
publishers
persist
in
dividing
the
world
into
territories with separate editorial staffs. In the digital age it is daft to take
months
or
even
years
to
get
a
book
to
market.
And
if
they
are
to
distinguish their wares from self
published dross, they must get better at
choosing
books,
honing
ideas
and
polishing
copy.
If
publishers
are
to
hold readers
’

attention they must tell a better story
—
and edit out all the
spelling mistakes as well.



[C] For readers, this is splendid. Just as Amazon collapsed distance by
bringing a huge range of books to out
of
the
way places, it is now
collapsing
time,
by
enabling
readers
to
download
books
instantly.
Moreover,
anybody
can
now
publish
a
book,
through
Amazon
and
a
number of other services.



[D]
During
the
next
few
weeks
publishers
will
release
a
crush
of
books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display
tables
at
the
front
of
bookshops
in
the
run
up
to
Christmas.
It
is
an
impressive
display
of
competitive
commercial
activity.
It
is
also
increasingly pointless.



[E] Yet there are still two important jobs for publishers. They act as
the venture capitalists of the words business, advancing money to authors
of
worthwhile
books
that
might
not
be
written
otherwise.
And
they
are
editors, picking
good
books and improving
them.
So
it
would be good,
not
just
for
their
shareholders
but
also
for
intellectual
life,
if
they
survived.



[F]
More
quickly
than
almost
anyone
predicted,
e
books
are
emerging as a serious alternative to the paper kind. Amazon, comfortably
the
biggest
e
book
retailer,
has
lowered
the
price
of
its
Kindle
e
readers to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach.
In
America,
the
most
advanced
market,
about
one
fifth
of
the
largest
publishers sales are of e books. Newly released blockbusters may sell as
many digital copies as paper ones. The proportion is growing quickly, not
least because many bookshops are closing.



[G]
They
are
doing
some
things
right.
Having
watched
the
record
companies impotence after Apple wrested control of music pricing from
them, the publishers have managed to retain their ability to set prices. But
they are missing some tricks. The music and film industries have started
to
bundle
electronic
with
physical
versions
of
their
products
—
by,
for
instance,
providing
those
who
buy
a
DVD
of
a
movie
with
a
code
to
download
it
from
the
internet.
Publishers,
similarly,
should
bundle
e
books with paper books.



D→1→2→3→E→4→5




Passage 3



Directions:
For
question
1
—
5,
choose
the
most
suitable
paragraphs
from
the
list
A
—
G
and
fill
them
into
the
numbered
boxes
to
form
a
coherent text. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.



[A] Fifteen years ago Vincent Bolloré
, a French industrialist, decided
to
get
into
the
business
of
electricity
storage.
He
started
a
project
to
produce rechargeable batteries in two small rooms of his family mansion
in Brittany. “I asked him,
‘
what are you doing?
and I told him to stop,
that it wouldn

t go anywhere,” says Alain Minc, a business consultant
in Paris who has advised Mr Bolloré
for many years. Fortunately, he says,
Mr Bolloré
continued.



[B] The real aim for Mr Bolloré
, however, is to showcase his battery
technology. His group has developed a type of rechargeable cell, called a
lithium
metal
polymer
(LMP)
battery.
This
is
different
from
the
lithium
ion
batteries
used
by
most
of
the
car
industry.
Mr
Bolloré

believes fervently that his batteries are superior, mainly because they are
safer. Lithium
ion batteries can explode if they overheat
—
which in the
past happened in some laptops. Carmakers incorporate safety features to
prevent the batterys cells from overheating.



[C] The city of Paris will cover most of the cost of the stations, but
Mr Bolloré will pay an estimated 105m to supply his design of “Bluecar”
vehicles and their batteries. He will bear a further 80m a year in running
costs. The city
s estimates for how popular the new service will be are
highly optimistic, said a recent study by the government. Autolib could
make
33ma
year
for
Mr
Bolloré
,
according
to
the
study,
but
it
could
easily just breakeven or lose as much as 60mannually. Autolib will also
be
the
first
time
the
group
has
operated
in
a
big
consumer
facing
business where it will be held directly responsible for problems such as
vandalism or breakdowns.



[D] Going up against the rest of the car industry may seem quixotic.