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信标《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案(PART_1)

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2021-01-24 01:23
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2021年1月24日发(作者:女奴)
A NSWER KEY
Part One: Essay Writing
1
An Introduction to Writing
Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph) , pages
5


Point:
There are drawbacks to moviegoing.
Support:
1. Inconvenience
b.
Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater
d. Sticky floor
3.
Other moviegoers
a.
Running kids
b.
Laughing, shouting teenagers
Activity (Introductory Paragraph) , 8
1.
c
2.
b
3.
a
4.
a. Inconvenience of going out
b.
Temptations of the theater
c.
Behavior of some patrons
Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs) , 9
-
0
1.
To begin with, I just don
'
tenjoy the general hassle of the evening.
2.
b. Parking lot is always jammed
d.
Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded
e.
Tickets cost up to $$8 each
3.
Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really do
'
ntneed.
4.
b. 2) chocolate bars
3) Milk Duds
5.
Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.
6.
a. Little kids race up and down the aisles
b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises
Activity (Concluding Paragraph) , 10
1.
a
2.
c
Review Activities, 18
-
20
Answers will vary.
2
The Writing Process
Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline
Answers will vary.

), 25
-
31

Activity ( Writing a First Draft ), 33
1.
thesis specific
2.
first
bs
3.
equiped (other answers are possible)
4.
second and third
Activity ( Revis ing with a Seco nd Draft ), 36

7

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. conclusion
Second
5.
however
6.
watching what I keep in the house
unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am.
7.
comfortable seats
support . . . snacks like celery and carrot
8.
As jump into my hands disgusted
sticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . .
9.
dripping with butter . . . risk pulling out my fillings
as I chew
Activity ( Taking a Writing Inventory ), 39 FO Answers will vary.
Activity ( Prewriting ), 41 F3
L, Q, SO, C, F
Activity 1 ( Outlining ), 43 F5
1.
Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.
a.
Students
(1)
Involved with drugs
(2)
Formed cliques
b.
Teachers
(1)
Unwilling to help after class
(2)
Much too strict
c.
Buildings
(1)
Leaky ceilings
(2)
Ill-equipped gym
2.
Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job. a. Working conditions
(1)
Heat in kitchen
(2)
Noisy work area
b. Hours
(1)
Ten-hour shifts

(2)
Hours changed every week
c. Pay
(1) Minimum wage
(2) No bonus for overtime
3.
Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.
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a. Social benefits
(1) Make new friends
(2) Meet interesting instructors
b. Mental benefits
(1) Reduces mental stress
(2) Improves self-image
c. Physical benefits
(1) Strengthens heart
(2) Tones muscles
4.
Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations. a. Lighter
workload
(1) Less work in class
(2) Less homework
b. Friendlier atmosphere
(1) Teachers more relaxed
(2) Students happy about vacation
c.
Special events
(1) Pep rallies
(2) Holiday concerts
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Activity 2 ( Outlining ), 45 -47
Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us
off from contact with our fellow human beings.
First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is
isolating us.
Support: 2. Workers
'
salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.
3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.
a.
Customers interact with machines rather than people.
b.
Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers.
Second topic sentenceA: nother area that technology is changing is entertainment.
Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.
2.
Fewer people go out to watch movies.
Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is
separating us from others.
Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.
2.
Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.
3.
Videotapes are replacing class instruction.
Activity ( Revising ), 47
-
48
2,
1, 4, 3
3
The First and Second Steps in Essay Writing Activity ( Writing a Good Thesis ), 50
-
51

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List 1
2
Teachers
l
Education
bike riding
Math teacher
3
5
a
4

List 2
3



Bicycles
4
Dangers of
Recreation


l
2
5


My high school math
teacher was incompetent.
High school math teacher
List 3
Retail companies

Recreational vehicles
Bike riding in the city is
dangerous experience.


List 4





1
Supermarkets
2
trip
4
Dealing with customers
Working in a supermarket
3

3

Camping
4
First camping




2

5

Summer vacation
My first camping trip was a
disastrous experience.
5

I
'
ve learned how to handle

unpleasant supermarket customers.
Activity ( Common Errors in Writing a Thesis
), 53
l

Vacations

A.
2
A

1.
2.
3.

TB
TN
TB
TN
TB

B. 6
7
8
9
10
2
4.
A
5.


2
Activity ( Support the Thesis with Specific Evidenee ), 54
-
55
Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.
1. c.
Learning new rules and procedures
4.
c.
Save money
2. c.
Sense of humor
5.
Long hours









c.
3. c.
Too cold in the winter
6.
c.
Worry
about finances
Activity ( The Importance of Specific Details ), 57
S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buying pressure-treated lumber.
X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced? How did this
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parent punish the writer?
S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved: cheesecake and
jeans.
X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners
are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?
Activity 1 ( The Importance of Adequate Details ), 58
Answers are given in the text after the activity.
Activity ( Identifying the Parts of an Essay ), 61
Thesis statement: 4
Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5
Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15
Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22
First sentence of the conclusion: 34
Activity 1 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts), 61-62
Activity 2 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts), 62
1. A
a.
OKb.
2.
OK
a.
Ab.



1.

TN
OK
2.
TN
OK
3.
TN
OK
4.
OK
TN
5.
OK
TN
a.
b.
a
b.
a
b.
a.
b
a.
b

3.
OK
a.
Ab.
4.A
a.






OKb.
5.A

OKb.

a.



Activity 3 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts), 62-63 Activity 4 (Evaluat ing Thesis Stateme nts), 63
1. TB
a.
1.
OK
a.
OKb.
2
b.

a.
2.
2
a.




OKb.
3. OK
a.
TBb.
4. TB
a.


OK
3.
OK
2
4.
2


b.
a.
b.
a.
b



OK
OK
b.
5. TB
a.
OK
OK
b.
Activity ( Completing Thesis Statements), 64


5.
2





a.
b



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Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is
listed below.
1.
science.
6. coach
7. we were emotionally
2.
to be enthusiastic. immature.
3.
my boyfriend.
Activity ( Writing a Thesis Statement ), 65 Answers may vary slightly.
4.
money. relationships
with others.
5.
breaks down regularly.
friend
'
s car.
1.
The cars I
'
ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.
2.
Attending a two-year college has several advantages.
3.
I have tried several ways to give up snacks.
4.
Halloween is not all fun.
5.
Three factors contributed to my heart attack.
Activity 1 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis ), 66 Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each
limited subject is listed below.
1.
Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.
2.
Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.
3.
My mother
'
s tidiness drives us crazy.
4.
Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.
5.
My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.
6.
Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.
7.
Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than the
'
yre supposed to.
8.
The free- agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.
9.
Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.
10.
Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city. Activity 2 ( Limiting a Topic and Writing a
Thesis ), 67
Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.
1.
Exotic animals as pets People should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.
2.
Teens and birth control Parents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.
3.
The new season
'
s TV programming
The new television programs are carbon copies of last ye
'
asr successful shows.
4.
Computerized offices
Computers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.
5.
Major fields of study Choosing a major does not have to be done blindly.
6.
House calls
Doctors should be compelled to make house calls.
7.
Summer vacations
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8. manners
9. my
10. the time I dented my

Summer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.
8.
Barbecuing
There are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue
9.
Children
'
s allowances
Getting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.
10.
Christmas shopping
One year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance.
Activity ( Providing Specific Evidenee ), 68 -69
Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.
1.
Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight
2.
Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs his
hair with his toothbrush
3.
Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized
4.
Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me
5.
Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies
6.
New ignition, new brakes, new heater
7.
Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak
8.
Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temper
Activity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidenee ), 69

0
AD 1.
U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular
needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,
treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, and
providing a nutritious diet.
U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would
commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting?
Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and so
on) that aren
'
t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitious
jingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).
AD 4.
U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind
of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions
other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful? And
how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what she wan ted?
For in sta nee, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writer attempted
to please her.
Activity ( Adding Details to Complete an Essay ), 70

3
An swers will vary; possible support ing details are in cluded in the paragraphs below.
First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for
pers onal in terests. We all read more that week tha n we had read duri ng the six mon ths before.
Dad in troduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer


Dorothy Sayers

and it was pleasa nt to see
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them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read no
vels by Charles Dicke ns, while I settled modestly for the daily n each also enjo yed
some hobbies we had ignored for and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted
off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September

n additi
on, my sister and I both stopped procrast in at ing with our homework. In stead of putting off our
English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after
supper and found that, without the sound of the TVblari ng in our ears, we could do them in a
couple of hour


far more quickly tha n we expected.
Second, we did chores that had bee n hanging over our heads for too long. There were many
jobs around the house that had needed attention for some timM om fixed a faucet that had been
dripp ing for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I clea ned our
closets, finding records, tapes, and magaz ines that had bee n miss ing for mon ths. By the end of
the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a cha
nee to do some Ion g-postp oned shopp in and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu
bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and fini shed all my
Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that
was long overdue. Mom and Dad struggled with this year's in come tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny,
a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letti ng
me stay with her duri ng my weeke nd in New York City last mon th.
Fin ally, and probably most importa nt, we spe nt time with each other. I nstead of being in
the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours.
Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun pla nning
the trip to Bost on we are going to take this summerMoreover, for the first time in years my family
played some games togetherWe played several games of Scrabble and we eve n got out the Mon
opoly set and played a game follow ing the rules our family has made up over the years. And
because we didnthave to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a
couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We were glad to see how much the
Overholt childre n had grow n, and Joe and Sandy Cipria nni kept us laughi ng all evening with their
stories about fixing up the old house they bought.
4 The Third Step in Essay Writi ng
Fill-i ns (Com mon Methods of Orga ni zati on ), 75

6

The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time
order.
The paragraph uses the follow ing words to help show time order: Next, first. Then, After, and
Fi nally.
The topic senten ces in the essay use the words For one thi ng, In additio n, and Most importa nt to
help show emphatic order.
The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.
Activity ( Com mon Methods of Orga ni zati on ), 77
A. 1.
time order
B.
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