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时态一:一般现在时/动词第三人称单数
一、定义:
1
、经常性、习惯性的动作;
2
、事物或人物的特征或状态;
3
、客观现实、真理或规律。
Example
:
1.
表示
经常性、
习惯性、
永久性、
频率性
的
动作,
通常与副词
often, usually, always, every day
(year/
month
),
once
(twice,
three
times)
a
day
(
week/moth/year
)
,
sometimes
,
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening
,
on Sundays
等时间状语连用。
They usually go to school by bike.
I take the medicine three times a day.
She helps her mother once a week.
2.
表示事物或人物的特征、状态
Mary’s father is a policeman.
There are 50 students in my class.
3.
表示
客观真理,科学原理,自然现象
等< br>客观事实或格言、谚语
等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.
Tomorrow is Tuesday.
1
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二、结构:
肯定句:
主语
+ v
原
/v
“
三单
”
(
主语
+ Be/
情态动词
/
行为动词(原形或三单)
+
其它
)
句型
否定句
Be
型(情态动词型)
主语
+ Be
动词
/
情态动词
+not
Be
动词
/
情态动词
+
主语
+
其它
肯定回答:
一般疑问句
Yes
,主语
+ Be
动词
/
情态动词
.
否定回答:
No,
主语
+ Be
动词
/
情态动词
+not.
否定句:主语
+Be/
情态动词
/do/dose+not+
其它
一般疑问句:
Be/
情态动词
/do/dose +
主语
+
其它
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词
+ Be
动词
/
情态动词
/do/dose +
主语
+
其它(对主语提问除外)
对主语提问的特殊疑问句
=
特殊疑问词
+
主语
+
动词原形
/
三单(肯定句的结构)
+
?
总结:
行为动词表示具体的动作,
be
动词表示状态,情态动词表示态度。在做肯定陈述的时候,运用的规则是:有
do
无
be
;无
do
一定要 加
be
。
另外,一定要小心:在做句型转换(否定、疑问)的时候,要分别 遵守自己的约定:行
为动词要请
do/does
帮忙;有
be
就直接 用
be(be
提前变成问句,在后面加上
not
变成否定句
)
。
三、第三人称单数(三单)
1
、
除了我(
I
)和你
(you
)
我们(
we
)
你们
(you)
他们
(they)
之外都是三单
,
人称代词
he, she, it
是第三人称单数。如:
He likes watching TV
.
他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve.
她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat.
它看起来像只猫。
2
、
单个人名、地名
或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:
Han Mei looks like her mother.
韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
2
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Do
型
主语
+
don’t
/does
n’t +
V
原形
Do/Does+
主语
+
V
原形
肯定回答:
Yes
,主语
+ do/does.
否定回答:
No,
主语
+
don’t
/does
n’t.
Beijing is in China.
北京在中国。
Uncle Wang often makes cakes.
王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3
、
单数可数名词或
单数可数名词
作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
A horse is a useful animal.
马是有用的动物。
This book is yours.
这本书是你的。
That car is red.
那辆小汽车是红色的。
The cat is Lucy's.
这只猫是露茜的。
4
、
不定代词
someone,
somebody,
nobody,
everything,
something
等及指示代词
this,
that
作主语
时,是第三人称单数。如:
Everyone is here.
大家到齐了。
There is something wrong with the watch.
这块手表有毛病。
This is a pen.
这是一支钢笔。
That is an eraser.
那是一块橡皮擦。
5
、
不可数名词
作主语时为第三人称单数。如:
The milk is in the glass.
牛奶在玻璃杯里。
The bread is very small.
那面包很小。
6
、当
数字或字母
作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:
是个吉利数字。
是个字母。
四、动词三单变化规则
1
、一般情况下加
S
:
ask---asks
learn----learns
work---works
get---gets
like
—
likes
play
—
plays
stay---stays
2
、以“
s, x, ch, sh,
o
”结尾的,在词尾加“
es
”
:
teach
-
teaches
wash----washes
go
-
goes
do
-
does
3
、以辅音字母加“
y
”结尾的 ,先将“
y
”变为“
i
”
,然后在加“
es
”:
study
-
studies
fly
-
flies
cry---cries
try---tries carry
-
carries
worry
-
worries
4
、以元音字母加
Y
的,直接加
S
,
(此种情况可直接归入第
1
类)
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如
say
—
says
5
、记住
3
个特殊的:
Be
动词(
is
are
)的三单-
is
have
的三单-
has
Do
的三单—
does
五、句型转换
一、陈述句变一般疑问句、否定句
1
、
Be
型、情态动词型
否定句:直接在
be
动词或情态动词后面加
not.
疑问句:则把
be
动词或情态动词
(can,could
等等
)
提到主语 的前面
例:①陈述句:
She is a student.
疑问句
→ Is she a student?
否定句
→ She is not a student.
②陈述句:
I can swim.
疑问句
→ Can you swim?
yes,I can.
No,I can’t.
否定句
→ I can not swim.
2
、
Do
型
否定句:主语
+
don’t/ doesn’t
+
谓语动词原形
疑问句:
Do / Does +
主语
+
动词原形
例:①陈述句:
We get up at 7:00 every morning.
否定句
→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morn
ing.
疑问句
→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
②陈述句:
She has a little brother.
否定句
→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
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疑问句
→ Does she have a little brother?
3
、注意
“变变变变”
(
1
)
I
、
we
—
>you
、
you
(
2
)句号变问号;
(
3
)
Does< br>(三单)
、
Did
(过去式)来帮忙,动词变
V
原;
(
4
)
some->any
something->anything
somebody-> anybody
already->yet
too->either
both->neither
all->none
eg:
Are you from Japan
﹖
Yes, I am
.
/ No, I'm not
.
Is her sister doing her homework now
﹖
Yes, she is
.
/ No, she isn't
.
Does he work in a bank
﹖
Yes, he does
.
/ No, he doesn't
.
Do you live near your school
﹖
Yes, I do
.
/ No, I don't
.
Can you speak French
﹖
Yes, I can
.
/ No, I can't
.
May I go home now
﹖
Yes, you may
.
/ No, you mustn't
.
二、陈述句变特殊疑问句(不能用
yes/no
回答的疑问句)
1
、常见的疑问词
when
:问时间
(
回答用
At/ On...
等
)
where
:哪里(状语)
who
:谁
(
回答用
He is...She is... They are...
等)
whom
:
谁(宾格)
whose
:谁的
(
回答用
It is.. These/Those are
等
)
what
:什么
How
:
怎么样
(
对近况提问,回答用形容词,问程度)
which
:哪一个,哪个
why
:
为什么
(
回答用
Because
,问原因
)
记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是
wh
或
h
;
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注意:特殊疑问句一般读降调
(↓)
常见的
疑问短语
what time
:问时间点
what color
:什么颜色(表语)
what weather
:什么天气
what subject
:什么学科
what job
:什么职业
what nationality
:对国籍提问
what kind
:哪一种类型
-
How fast
:多快(速度)
How many
:多少数量(可数)
How much
:多少钱价格(不可数)
How long
:多长
(
可用于时间,问做多长时间)
How often
:多少次
(问频率)
(频率副词)
How far
:多远路程
How soon
:多久
How old
:多少岁
2
、特殊疑问句有两种语序:
(1)
如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,
即对主语或主语的定语提问,
其语序是陈述句 的语序:
Who is singing in the room
﹖
whose bike is broken
﹖
(2)
如疑问词作 其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句【即:
特殊疑问词
+be/
助动词
/
情态动词
+
主语
+
谓语 】
What does she like?
What class are you in
﹖
Where are you from
﹖
What time does he get up every morning
﹖
How do you know
﹖
(3)
就划线部分提问解题方法:
一换
二变
三提前
一换:
找出正确的疑问词或词组替换划线部分
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什么东西
->what,
地点
->where
时间
->when,
怎么样
->how
多少
->how many(
可数
)
how much(
不可数
)
动作划线
->
看形式,然后选择助动词,做的事情用
what
Eg: They read English books in the afternoon.
What
They read English books in the classroom every day.
Where
They read English books in the classroom in the morning.
When
I have got five books.
How many
I go to school by bike every day.
How
Tom sings songs in the living room every evening.
does what
We read books every day.
do what
二变:
将替换完的句子根据规则变为一般疑问句
eg: Tom swims in the pool every day.
Tom does what in the pool every day.
Does Tom do what in the pool every day?
三提前:
将变完的一般疑问句中的特殊疑问词提前
eg: Does Tom do what in the pool every day?
What does Tom do in the pool every day?
注意:
I like taking photo in the park.
I like
doing what
in the park.
What do you like doing in the park?
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练习一:一般现在时
/
三单的练习题
(一).用动词的适当形式填空
1. She _________(go) to school at seven o’clock.
2. It’s 6
o’clock. They are _________ (eat) supper.
3. He usually ___________ up at 17:00.(get )
4. She ___________ (live) in Beijing.
5. Amy _________ (be) here just now.
6. _______ (be)there a fly on the table just now?
7. My father __________ (watch) TV every evening .
8. My father _______________ (make) toys these days.
9
.
________ Amy _________ (read) English every day?
10. Chen Jie sometimes _________(go)to the park with her sister.
(二)
.
选择填空
1
.
I want____homework now. A. doing
B. to do
C. to do my
D. do my
2
.
It's time______.
A. go to school
B. play games
C. to go home
D. to do my homeworks
3
.
______go
and
help
her.
A.
Let's
me
B.
Let's
us
C.
Let's
D.
Let's
to
4
.
Do they have a new car? Yes,_____.
A .they are
have
C. they don't
D. they do
5
.
He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening.
A. have
B. has
c. is having
D. is eating
6. We _____________ any Chinese classes on Friday.
A. are having
B. aren’t having
C. don’t have
D. are have
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