-
初中英语全部时态
一
般
现
在
时
A:
一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构
:
1
)
be
动词的第一人称单数为,第三人称单数为,其他人称为。
有一顺口溜体现了它的用法:
我用
am
,你用
are
,
is
用于他,
她,它
,
单数
is
,复数
are.
肯定式
:
主语
+ am /is/are +
其他
否定式
:
主语
+ am/is/are +not +
其他
疑问式
:Am /Is /Are +
主语
+
其他
?
简略回答
: (
肯
) Yes,
主语
+ am/ is /are
(
否
) No,
主语
+ am /is/are not
缩写形式
:
I'm
==
I
am That's
==That
is We're
==We
are
What's== What is
You're
==
You
are Who's
==
Who
is They're
==They
are
Where's ==Where is
He's
==He
is
She's
==She
is
It's == It is
isn't==is not aren't==are not
2< br>)行为动词(实义动词)除主语是第三人称单数外,都用动词原
形,主语是第三人称单数时,在动 词
词尾加
-s
或
-es
。
“动词第三人称单数”的加法
即
“如何从动词原形变为第三人称
精选
单数”
1
、一般情况加
s. 2
、以
o, s, x, ch, sh
结尾加
es. 3
、
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾
改
y
为
i +es
写出下列动词的第三人称单数:
study play go come help
teach lie listen begin open
sit throw wash
guess
cut
run
relax
beat eat
肯定式
:
主语
+
动词原形
/
动词的第三人称单数
否定式
:
主语
+
助动词
don't/doesn't +
动词原形
+
其他
疑问式
:Do/Does+
主 语
+
动词原形
+
其他
简略回答
:(
肯
)Yes,
主语
+do/does (
否
)No,
主语
+do/does not
缩写形式
: don't == do not doesn't ==does not
注意:
have
的第三人称单数为
has
用法:
1.
表示事实
,
现状
,性质或经常的
,
习惯的动作
,
常与
often, usually,
always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five
minutes, on Sundays
等时间状语连用
,
eg. He has a brother.
2.
表示普遍真理
. eg. The earth goes round the sun.
3.
表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作
.
精选
eg. Here comes the train.
4.
在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时
.
eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.
一般过去时
< br>一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,
一般过去时通常由动
词的过去式表示。< br>
结构:
1.
动词的第一、
三有称单数用,
其他人称用
,
其肯定式
,
否定式
,
疑问式< br>和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。
2.
行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种
,
规则动词的过去式
是在动词 后加或
,
不规则动词参照不规则动词表
,
需要专门记忆。
肯定式
:
主语
+
动词的过去式
+
其他
eg. I got up at six this
morning.
否定式
:
主语
+ did not +
动词原形
+
其他
eg. John
didn't live here last year.
疑问式
:Did
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他
eg.
Did
you
see
him
a moment ago?
简略回答
.(
肯
)Yes,
主语
+did (
否
)No ,
主语
+ didn't.
用法
:
1.
主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态
.
eg. My father was at work yesterday.
2.
表示过去经常 或反复发生的动作
,
常与
often,always
等表示频度
的时间状语连用
.
精选
eg. He always went to work by bus last summer.
3.
和
when
等连词引导的状语从句连用
.
eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest.
4.
常与表示过去的时间状语
,
如…
ago, yesterday, last week, in
the
old
days,
when
I
was
five
years
old,
in
1995
等连用
.
began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I
was.
不规则中寻
规则
英语中很多动词的 过去式是不规则的,
有些同学死记硬背,
却效果
不佳。我们不妨共同寻找一些不规则动 词中的“规则”
,这样记忆起
来就会事半功倍了。
I
.
过去式与动词原形同形。例如:
let
—
let, put
—
put, hit
—
hit, read
—
read[red]
等。
II
.动词原形以< br>ow
/
aw
结尾,过去式常变为
ew
。例如:
know
—
knew, grow
—
grew, throw
—
threw, draw
—
drew
等。但
是 也有一些例外,例如:
show
—
showed
。
III
.许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母
i
改为
a
,就可变为过去式。例如:
begin
—
began, give
—
gave, sing
—
sang, swim
—
swam, sit
—
sat, drink
—
drank, ring
—
rang
等
但是
win
—
won
例外。
IV
.有些动词的过去式以
o(a)ught
结尾。例如:
精选
bring
—
brought,
buy
—
bought,
think
—
thought,
catch
—
caught, teach
—
taught
等。
[
注意
]
上述动词过去式究竟是以
ought[:t]
还是
aught[:t]
结尾,
只要记住“有
a
则
a
,无
a
则
o
”即可。
即
:
原形中有
a
的,
过去式变为
aught
,否则为
ought
。
V
.
以
eep
结尾的动词,常将
eep
改为
ept
构成过去式。例如:
keep
—
kept, sleep
—
slept, sweep
—
swept
等。
一
般
将
来
时
一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态
结构:
助动词
shall/will { be (is ,am ,are ) going to }+
动词原
形
(当主语第一人称时,
一般用
shall
,
当主语为第三人称时,
用
will
,
但主语为第一人称时,也用
will
)
肯定式
:
主语
+shall/will+
动词原形
+
其他
否定式< br>:
主语
+shall/will+not+
动词原形
+
其他< br>.
疑问式
:Shall/Will+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他
简略回答
:(
肯
)Yes,
主语
+shall/will . (
否
)No,
主语
+shall/will+not
…
缩
写
形
式
:
'll
==shall/will
shan't==
shall
not
won't == will not
用法
:
1.
表示将要发生的动
作或情况
,
常用时间状语有
: later (on), soon,
精选
in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow
等
.
eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year.
Maybe
China's
population
_______
(pass)
1,300,000,000
by
the year 2005.
2.
表示某种必然的趋势
eg. Fish will die without water.
解析:
1.
在以第一人称为主语的问句中
,
常用
shall
表 示提议和询问情况
,
在以第二人称作主语的问句中
,
用
will
表示请求
.
eg. Where shall we have the meeting?
Will you please lend me your pen?
2.
当主语是第一人称时
,
用
will
表示意愿
.
决心
.
允诺
.
命令等
.
eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your
birthday.
3.
在时间或条件状语从句中
,
一般用一般现在时代替一般将来
时
.
eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there.
going to +
动词原形也可表示将来时
.
(1).
表示主观意愿
.
打算等
.
eg. He's going to learn English next term.
(2).
根据已有迹象
,
可能要发生的情况
eg. Look at the black clouds!
精选
----It is going to rain.
现
在
进
行
时
现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。
(
表示“……
正在(在)干……”
)
结构:
is/am/are +
动词的
-ing
形式
(
动词的现在分词
)
用法:
1.
表示目前发生
(
进行
)
的动作
(
不指状态),
常用时间状语有
:now,
at the moment
等
,
并常出现在祈使句的句子中
,
与
look, listen
连
用
.
eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment?
Listen! She is singing in the next room.
2.
表示目前阶段正在进行
,
而此刻不一定在进行的动作
.
精选
eg. They are planting trees these days.
3.
表示按计划或安排即将进 行的动作
,
表示这种动作的动词有
:come,
go, leave, arrive, start, see
等
,
并常与表示将来时间的状语连
用
.
eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.
注意
:
某些表示感觉或状态的动词
,
如
love, like, prefer, hate,
see, know
等一般不用现在进行时
.
eg. Lucy prefers art to science.
练习题:
(选择填空)
精选
一
.
般现在时
.
(
)
English teacher about thirty
years old, but he younger than he really is.
A.
is,
look B
.is,
looks C.
am,
look
(
)
very
hard,
but
he
till a little weak in Chinese.
A. studies, is B. study, is C.
doesn’t study, is
(
)
all
know
that
the
sun round
the
earth.
A. goes B. don’t go C.
doesn’t go
(
)
twelve months in a year
and January first.
A.
is,
comes B.
are,
come C.
are,
comes
(
)
the
kite
best
of
all,
Jim.
Lucy or Lily?
A .flies B. fly C .are
flying
(
)
6. the Great Wall one of the
精选
places
of
great
interests
in
China?
B. Do C. Is
(
)
7. you usually to
school with classmates?
A.
Do,
comes B.
does,
come C.
Do,
come
(
)
8. she home
at six o
’
clock every mornig?
A. Do, comes B. Does. Come C. Do,
come
(
)
9.
My
mother like
watcing
TV,so
she to bed very early every evening.
A
.
doesn
’
t
,go B. don
’
t
go C.
doesn
’
t goes
(
)
Green
usually newspapers
after supper every day.
A. read B. reading C. reads
二
.
一般过去式
.
(
)
two in the same class last
year.
A. are B. was C. were
精选
(
)
2.---Where you ?
----I went to buy some food for supper.
(
)
students in Li Lei
’
s class on a
farm last week.
A. work B. works C. worked
(
)
4. that worker in a
shoe factory a year ago?
A.
Do,
work ,
worked C.
Did,
work
(
)
5.--- Did you find your pen ?
----Yes, I it two hours ago.
A. found B. find C. finded
(
)
6.
your
mother
to work last Saturday?
A.
Did,
go B.
Do,
go C.
Does,
go
(
)
not late the day before
yesterday.
A. did B. were C. are
(
)
8. they away from school last
October?
A. Did B. Were C. Do
(
)
9. you to
school last Sunday?
精选
A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were,
come
(
)
they for
breakfast last week?
A. were, have B. did, have C. will,
have
(
)
friend his
homework
fifteen
minutes
ago.
A. finish B. finishes C.
finished
(
)
boys only
subjects
last
term,
but
this
term they five.
A. have, have B. had, had C. had,
have
(
)
Ann TV
last night ?
A. didn’t, watch B. don’t watch C.
doesn’t watch
(
)
stopped
here
because
they
the way to the station.
A. didn’t know B. don’t know C.
will know
精选
(
)
15---Where you find your ticket?
----I it on the ground.
A. did, found B. do, found C. were,
find
三
.
现在进行时
.
(
)
’
t
you
see
Uncle
Wang
and
his
friends
some machines?
A. is makig B. are making
(
)
father TV
with
my
mother
now.
A. watch B. watching C. is
watching
(
)
3.I
’
s
six
o
’
clock
in
the
evening,
My
family
supper at the table.
A. eats B. is eating C.
are eating
(
)
4. Lucy
and
Lily to
speak
Chinese
with Miss Gao.
A.
Is,
try B.
Is
trying C.
Are, trying
(
)
dog itself
outside
the
door.
A. is washing B. wash C.
washes
精选
(
)
students
in
Class
One
carefully to their English teacher.
A.
is
listening
B.
is
looking
C. are listening
(
)
! The children in the open
air.
A.
singing
B.
is
singing
C. are singing
(
)
’
s
the
matter,
Li
Lei? I for
my pen.
A. am look B. am looking C.
look
(
)
’
s
go
into
the
classroom.
The
bell .
A.
ringing
B.
is
ringing
C. is ring
(
)
man
is
badly
hurt
and
he on
the
road
sadly.
A.
is
lying B.
are
lying C.
lieing
四
.
一般将来时
.
(
)
students back in two hours.
精选
A.
come B.
is
coming C.
came
(
)
you with
your
classmates
this Sunday afternoon?
A.
are,
do
,
do
C. will do
(
)
an English party in our
class this evening.
A.
will
have
B.
are
going
to
have .C. is going to be
(
)
4. Wei Hua visit the Great Wall
during this summer holiday?
,
going
to
B.
Is,
going
to
C. Will, going to
(
)
they
leave for Beijing?
A.
will,
going
.B.
will,
/
C. do, going to
(
)
6.---Where are you going ?
---I the shops for some fruit.
A.
am
going
to B.
go
to C.
shall
going to go to
(
)
oranges
they
精选
to buy?
A.
are,
going B.
will,
going ,
going
(
)
mother says that she buy me a
schoolbag better than this one.
A. is B. shall C.
will
(
)
Green
is
afraid
that
Jim behind
the
other
students after he comes back.
A.
will
fall
B.
will
fell
going to fell
(
)
students in my class harder than
before this term.
A. is going to study B. will going to study
C. will study
现在完成时
现在完成时的结构:
主语
+
“
have(has) +
过去分词”
(
1
) 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作
(常与
yet
,
already
,
just
连用)
,或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续
到现在的情况(常与
for
,
since
连用)
。例如:
1
)
I have just finished my homework.
2
)
Mary has been ill for three days.
精选
注意:与
for ,since
连用的动词必须用延续性动词,而不能用短暂
性动词如:
come
—
be here go
——
be there join
——
be a
member borrow
——
keep leave
——
be away
等等
(
2
)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:
since,
for,
during,
over
等引导出的短语;副词
already, yet, just, ever, now, before,
often,
lately,
recently
等;状语词组
this
week
(morning,
month,
year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present
等。
例如:
1
)
I haven
’
t been there for five years.
2
)
So far, she hasn
’
t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3
)
There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
◆◇一般过去时和现在完成时的比较与转换
一般过去时
:
与之搭配的时间副词常用的有
:Yesterday, last week, last year,
at 5:30 , last weekend, last month.
有时用
on weekend, this
morning
现
在
完
成
时
:
常
用
的
时
间
副
词
有
:ever,
never,
yet,
still,
already
,
in the past ten years; in my life; today
Examples:
Linda still hasn’t finished her homework.
Stanley
has
already
gotten
bored
with
the
life
here
in
Toronto.
Have you ever gone to Paris?
精选
I have gone to the post office twice today.
2
、
过去完成时
(
1
)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个 过去的时间可
以用
by
,
before
等介词短语或一个时间状语从 句来表示;或者表示
一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。
{
表示“过去的过去
”
}
例如:
1
)
We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2
)
By
the
end
of
last
year
they
had
turned
out
5,
000
bicycles.
(
3
)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
1
)
by (the end of ) +
过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday
afternoon.
八种时态的比较
一般现在时和现在进行时
a.
一般现在时:
重复发生的习惯性动作和真理。
标志性的时间副词:
always often frequently usually sometimes every day
every week every month occasionally once a month once
a month once a year seldom rarely never
Examples
:
She goes shopping every week.
He reads Business News every morning.
He seldom goes dancing.
精选
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