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New words
Unit 4
TEXT A
era
n.
[C] a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities
时代；
年代
We are living in the information era.
我们生活在信息时代。
The invention of television and space rockets has opened a new era for mankind.
电视和航空火箭
的发明为人类开启了一个新时代。
victim
n.
[C] sb. who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered
受害者；牺牲者
The local government is raising money to help the victims of the earthquake.
当地政府正在筹资帮
助地震受害者。
survivor
n.
[C] sb. who continues to live after an accident, war, or illness
生还者；幸存者
The police are searching for survivors of the plane crash.
警方正在搜寻飞机失事的幸存者。
tragedy
n.
1 [C, U] a very sad event that shocks people because it involves death
悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案
Life tragedies can drive people into great grief and sometimes even lead to depression.
生活中的
悲剧会使人极度悲痛，有时甚至会导致抑郁。
2 [C] a serious play or book that ends sadly, esp. with the death of the main character
悲剧（作
品）
Romeo and Juliet
is one of Shakespeare
’
s best-known tragedies.
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚
最为著名的悲剧之一。
subsequent
a.
(fml.) happening or coming after sth. else
随后的；继
…
之后的
Fires and floods subsequent to an earthquake often cause greater damage.
地震后继发的火灾和
洪水往往会造成更大的破坏。
These skills were passed on to subsequent generations.
这些技能被一代代传了下去。
associate
n.
[C] sb. who you work or do business with
同事；（生意）伙伴
He is not a friend but an associate; we work in the same department.
他不是朋友，只是同事，我
们在同一部门工作。
vt.
make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another
联
想
；
联
系
Nowadays, most people associate this brand with good quality.
如今，大多数人将这一品牌与高品
质联系起来。
congress
n.
[C] the group of people chosen or elected to make the laws in some countries
国会；议会
1
congresswoman
n.
[C] a woman who is a member of a congress, esp. the US House of Representatives
国会女议员
（尤指美国众议员）
tender
a.
gentle and careful in a way that shows love
温柔的；体贴入微的；慈爱的
The singer
’
s deep and tender voice is perfect for this music.
这位歌手深沉而温柔的嗓音正适合这
段音乐。
sympathy
n.
[pl., U] the feeling of being sorry for sb. who is in a bad situation
同情；同情心
When her husband died, she received many letters of sympathy.
她丈夫去世的时候，她收到许多
慰问信。
shield
vt.
protect sb. or sth. from being harmed or damaged
保护；保卫
You need an experienced lawyer to shield your rights and interests.
你需要一位经验丰富的律师来
保护你的权益。
n.
[C] a large piece of metal or leather that soldiers used in the past to protect themselves when
fighting
盾；盾牌
The soldier
’
s shield saved him from being killed by his enemy.
那个士兵的盾保护他免遭敌人杀
害。
hail
n.
1 (a ~ of bullets/stones, etc.) a large number of bullets, stones, etc. that are fired or thrown at sb.
一阵弹雨
/
像雹子般袭来的石块等
The riot police were met with a hail of stones.
防暴警察遭到一阵石头的袭击。
2 [U] frozen raindrops which fall as hard balls of ice
雹；冰雹
Disastrous weather includes drought, floods, hail, and strong winds.
灾害性天气包括干旱、洪水、
冰雹和强风。
vt.
describe sb. or sth. as being very good
把
…
称赞为；把
…
誉为
She
’
s being hailed as one of the most promising young dancing stars today.
她被誉为当今最有前
途的青年舞蹈明星之一。
His first book was hailed a great success.
他的第一部书被认为是极大的成功。
bullet
n.
[C] a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun
枪弹；子弹；弹头
priest
n.
[C] sb. who is specially trained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church
（基督教的）牧师，神父
remarkable
a.
unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise
非凡的；不寻常的；显著的
2
It is that kind of courage and determination that makes him a most remarkable person.
正是那种勇
气和决心使他成为一个非凡的人。
humanity
n.
1 [U] people in general
人；人类（总称）
Much of his fortune was to be used to give prizes to those who did their best for humanity.
他的很
大一部分财产将被用来奖励那些尽最大努力为人类作出贡献的人。
2 [U] kindness, respect, and sympathy toward others
仁慈；博爱；同情心
Her speech showed great maturity and humanity.
她的演讲思想高度成熟，并且洋溢着博爱精神。
3 [pl.] (the ~ies) subjects of study such as literature, history, or art, rather than science or
mathematics
人文学科
The School of Humanities offers a wide range of courses for the students.
人文学院为学生们提供
各种各样的课程。
civilian
a.
(only before noun) relating to civilians
平民的；百姓的；民用的；非军职的
Let us pray for the helpless civilian people trapped in this dreadful war.
让我们为陷入这场可怕战争
的无助的平民祈祷吧。
n.
[C] anyone who is not a member of the military forces or the police
平民；老百姓
The war lasted two years and thousands of innocent civilians were killed during the war.
这场战争
持续了两年，成千上万的无辜平民在战争中丧生。
grace
n.
1[U] kind, polite, and fair behavior
善意；礼貌；体谅
She did not even have the grace to say sorry.
她连说道歉的气度都没有。
2 [U] a smooth way of moving that looks natural, relaxed, and attractive
优美；优雅
After taking only four dancing lessons, she was able to dance with grace.
她只上了四次舞蹈课就能
跳得很优美了。
circumstance
n.
[C, usu. pl.] the conditions that affect a situation, action, event, etc.
情况；情形
We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for
personal affairs.
我们被告知，无论什么情况下都不得使用办公室的电话办私事。
respond
vi.
do sth. as a reaction to sth. that has been said or done
作出反应；回应
The fire department responded to the call within minutes.
几分钟之内消防部门就对报警电话作出了
反应。
responder
n.
[C] a person who does sth. as a reaction to sth. that has been said or done
回应者；应答者
Cycle responders are fully trained to work on their own in busy areas which are difficult to reach by
car or ambulance.
自行车应急救援人员经过全面的培训，能够在汽车或救护车难以到达的繁忙区域
独立进行工作。
widow
3
n.
[C] a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again
寡妇；遗孀
solemn
a.
involving serious behavior or serious attitudes
严肃的；郑重的；庄严的
From his solemn expression we knew he was dissatisfied with the results.
从他严肃的表情我们可
以看出，他对结果不满意。
solemnly
ad.
严肃地；郑重地；庄严地
“
I will love my country forever,
”
Alex declared solemnly.
“
我将永远热爱我的祖国，
”
亚力克斯庄严
宣誓。
sergeant
n.
[C] (shortened Sgt.) a police officer of middle rank, below that of inspector
警佐；巡佐
commitment
n.
1 [U] the hard work and loyalty that sb. gives to an organization, activity, etc.
投入；忠诚；奉献
My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.
我在学习上
的投入使我成为我们小镇上最成功的人。
She is known for her commitment to nuclear disarmament.
她以致力于核减军而闻名。
2 [C] a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular way
承诺
We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们承诺继续合作。
They made a commitment to peace.
他们承诺要保持和平。
automobile
n.
[C] (AmE) a car
汽车
distinct
a.
1 (usu. before noun) definite and obvious
确实的；显著的
After the principal talked with her, there was a distinct change in her attitude.
校长和她谈过话后，
她的态度有了明显的转变。
2 separate and different in a way that is clear
有区别的；不同的；单独的
The region
’
s linguistic and cultural identity is quite distinct from that of the rest of the country.
该地
区的语言和文化特征与该国的其他地区大不相同。
3 able to be clearly seen, heard, smelt, or tasted
清晰的；清楚的；明显的
The outline of the ship became more distinct.
船的轮廓变得更加清晰了。
military
a.
used by, involving, or relating to the army, navy, or air force
军用的；军事的；军队的
A country
’
s power can be measured by its military and economic resources.
一个国家的国力可以
用它的军事和经济资源来衡量。
personnel
n.
4
[pl.] the people who work in a company, organization, or military force
（公司、组织或军队中的）
人员；员工
;
职员
The personnel responsible for processing all these letters shall stay until the job is done.
负责处理
所有这些信件的人员要留下来，直到工作结束。
jail
n.
[C, U] a place where people are put after they have been arrested or where people go as
punishment for a crime
监狱；看守所
He was sentenced to five years in jail for robbing a gas station.
他因抢劫一家加油站而被判入狱五
年。
confine
vt.
1 keep sb. in a place that they cannot leave, such as a prison
监禁；禁闭
The criminal was caught and confined to prison for two years.
那名罪犯被捕了，并在监狱里关了两
年。
2 if sth. is confined to one area or group of people, it happens only in that area or affect only that
group of people
使局限于
The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups.
感染的危险只局限于较小的人群。
solitary
a.
1 doing sth. without anyone else with you
单独的；无伴的
She should have been kind to that aging, solitary woman.
她应该对那个上了年纪的独居女人和善
一点的。
Some people have rejected company and have been living a solitary life on purpose.
有些人拒绝
别人的陪伴，一直有意过着独居生活。
2 (only before noun) used to emphasize that there is only one of sth.
单个的；唯一的
The benches were empty except for a single solitary figure.
这些长凳上除了一个孤零零的身影外什
么都没有。
chamber
n.
[C] 1 a room used for a particular purpose
（有某种用途的）室
For many, the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.
对许多人来说，牙医诊所一直就是个刑
讯室。
2 a large room in a public building, esp. one used for meetings
大厅；（尤指）会议厅
The debate finished and the members left the chamber shortly afterward.
辩论会结束后，会员们很
快就离开了会议厅。
establish
vt.
1 begin a relationship with sb. or a situation that will continue
建立（关系或联系）
The program aims to establish links between higher education and small businesses.
该项目旨在
建立高等教育与小型企业之间的联系。
2 make sth. start to exist or start to happen
建立；创立；设立
Our health research center was established one year ago.
我们的健康研究中心是在一年前创建起
来的。
China has established over 1,500 nature reserves.
中国已经建立起
1500
多个自然保护区。
harmony
n.
5
[U] when people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other
融洽相处
People used to talk about the conquest of nature, but now we realize we must stay in harmony with
it.
人们过去常说要征服自然，但现在我们认识到我们必须与自然和谐共处。
reconcile
vt.
find a way to make ideas, beliefs, needs, etc. that are opposed to each other capable of existing
together
调和；调解
We suggest that it is possible to reconcile these apparently opposing perspectives.
我们认为这些
看似对立的观点是可以相互统一的。
v.
if you reconcile two people or groups or they reconcile, they become friendly again after a
disagreement
（使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系
The little boy does not readily reconcile with his elder sister.
那个小男孩还不愿意和他姐姐讲和。
My elder brother and I were finally reconciled with each other after not speaking for over five years.
我
和我哥有五年多不说话，最后我们和好了。
conflict
vi.
if two ideas, beliefs, opinions, etc. conflict, they cannot exist together or both be true
矛盾；冲突；
抵触
You may take an online class if the on-campus course conflicts with your work schedule.
如果校内
课程和你的工作时间有冲突，那你可以上网络课程。
n.
[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries, etc.
（意见等的）
抵触，冲突，矛盾
There is always a conflict between what they do and what you want them to do.
他们做的和你想要
他们做的总是不一致。
conflicted
a.
experiencing or marked by conflicts, esp. of emotions
（尤指情感）冲突的，矛盾的
Many mothers today feel conflicted about working outside the home.
如今很多母亲对是否要出去工
作感到很矛盾。
advocate
n.
[C] sb. who publicly supports sb. or sth.
提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者
He was regarded as a strong advocate for a variety of educational improvements.
他被认为是多种
教育改进措施的强烈支持者。
vt.
publicly say that sth. should be done
主张；拥护；鼓吹
The economic policies the government advocated quickened the decline of the tourist industry.
政
府主张的经济政策加速了旅游业的衰退。
grief
n.
[U] extreme sadness, esp. because sb. you love has died
（尤指因所爱之人去世而产生的）悲
痛，极度悲伤
Her grief over her child
’
s death was not at all relieved with passing time.
她的丧子之痛并未因时间
的推移而减轻。
rage
6
n.
[C, U] a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger
盛怒；狂怒
She flies into a rage every time I mention the stock market.
每次我一提股市她就发火。
v.
feel very angry about sth. and show this in the way you behave or speak
发怒；怒斥
He lost control of his emotions and raged at everyone he came across.
他情绪失控，碰到谁就朝谁
发火。
vi.
continue with great violence or strong emotions
（战斗、争论）激烈进行；（暴风雨）肆虐
The civil war has raged almost continuously since the 1980s.
这场内战从
20
世纪
80
年代一直持续
至今。
association
n.
1 [C] an organization that consists of a group of people who have the same aims, do the same kind
of work, etc.
协会；社团
The aim of our association is to get people together to share ideas about management problems.
我们这个协会的宗旨是把大家召集在一起，交流对管理问题的看法。
2 [C, U] a relationship with a particular person, organization, group, etc.
关系；关联；交往
Dr. Gibson
’
s research has shown an association between people
’
s sleeping patterns and heart
attacks.
吉布森博士的研究表明，心脏病发作和人们的睡眠习惯有关联。
legislation
n.
[U] a law or set of laws
法规；法律
The government is preparing to get its legislation on student loans through the congress.
政府正准
备让国会通过有关学生贷款的法规。
authority
n.
1 [U] the power you have because of your official position
权力；当权
He said he was a policeman and therefore had the authority to stop speeding drivers.
他说他是警
察，所以有权拦住超速的司机。
2 [C] sb. who is considered an expert in a particular subject
专家；权威
Mr. Li is a leading authority on Chinese food.
李先生是一位中式烹饪的杰出大师。
3 [C] an official organization or a government department that has the power to make decisions,
and has particular responsibilities
官方机构；政府部门
The local authority planned to build a high school in the new residential area.
当地政府计划在新的
住宅区建一所高中。
intense
a.
having a very strong effect or felt very strongly
剧烈的；强烈的
It is not scientific for a normally inactive person to start a program of intense exercise suddenly.
一
个平时不活动的人突然开始进行高强度的锻炼，这是不科学的。
Every car was stopped and searched, which caused intense annoyance among the drivers.
每辆车
都被拦下搜查，这引起司机们的强烈不满。
involve
vt.
1 include or affect sb. or sth.
涉及；影响
The accident last night involved five cars, causing the death of six people.
昨晚那场事故涉及
5
辆
汽车，造成
6
人死亡。
2 include sth. as a necessary part of an activity, event, or situation
包含；需要
7
Administrative positions often involve doing a lot of paperwork, such as budget reports and staff
evaluations.
管理岗位常常需要做许多文书工作，例如做预算报告和进行员工评估。
3 encourage or allow sb. to take part in sth.
鼓励
…
参与；允许
…
参加
Our aim is to involve more parents in their children
’
s education through online education programs.
我们的目的是通过网上教育节目让更多的家长参与孩子的教育。
At our meeting, we should not involve ourselves in arguments; instead we should try to solve our
problems.
我们在会上不应该陷入争论，而应该试着解决问题。
fulfill
vt. (BrE fulfil)
1 do or provide what is necessary or needed
履行；执行；符合
The public did not have confidence that the company would fulfill its promise.
公众不相信这家公司
会履行其诺言。
2 achieve sth. that you wanted to do, or get sth. you hoped for
实现；达到
After 10 years of hard work, Joey fulfilled his dream as a movie director.
经过
10
年的奋斗，乔伊终
于实现了自己的梦想，成为了一名电影导演。
fulfillment
n. [U] (BrE fulfilment)
1 the act of doing or achieving sth. that is promised or expected
履行；实现；达到
The new employee got a pay raise for the fulfillment of a difficult task.
新来的雇员因为完成了一项
艰巨的任务而获得加薪。
2 a feeling of happiness and satisfaction, esp. because you are doing sth. important or using your
abilities
满足感；成就感
Being a teacher gives me a deep sense of fulfillment.
当老师带给我一种深深的满足感。
Phrases and expressions
give one’s life
die in order to save other people or because of a strong belief
捐躯；牺牲
Many people are willing to give their lives for the great cause of their country.
很多人愿意为自己祖
国的伟大事业献出自己的生命。
ring out
produce a loud clear sound
发出响亮的声音
“
啪！
”
响起一声响亮的枪声， 把广
场上的人都惊呆了。
shield sb./sth. from sb./sth.
protect sb. or sth. from being harmed or damaged by sb. or sth.
使
…
免受
He tries his best to shield his children from the press.
他尽力保护自己的孩子避开媒体的关注。
with (good/a good) grace
in a pleasant and willing way
有风度地；情愿地
John failed in the competition, but he accepted he failure with grace.
约翰在比赛中输了，但是他心
平气和地接受了失败。
be/get caught up in sth.
become involved in sth., esp. when you do not want to be
被卷入；陷入
Innocent passersby got caught up in the riot.
无辜的路人被卷入了那场暴乱。
in the word
s of sb./in sb.’s words
as sb. says or writes
用某人的话来说
8
Michael and his sister went to the concert, and in the words of his sister, it was a night to
remember.
迈克尔和他姐姐一起去了音乐会，用他姐姐的话来说，那是难忘的一夜。
reserve sth. for sb./sth.
keep sth. so that it can be used by a particular person or for a particular purpose
保留；预留
If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me.
如果你到得早，请帮我留个位子。
You cannot park here; these parking places are reserved for the disabled.
你不能在这里停车。这
些停车位是专门留给残疾人士的。
relate to sth./sb.
be able to understand a situation or the way sb. feels and thinks
理解；认同
Sam gave up his profession as a doctor. I found it really hard to relate to him.
山姆放弃了他的医生
职业。我觉得很难理解他。
I know he was very disappointed when his application was rejected. I can relate to that.
我知道他
的申请被拒绝后他很失望。我能理解他的感受。
make sense of sth.
understand sth., esp. sth. difficult or complicated
理解，弄懂某事（尤指困难或复杂的事）
The teacher had such a strong accent that none of us could make sense of what he was saying.
那位老师的口音很重，所以我们谁都不明白他在说些什么。
sum up
give the main information in a report, speech, etc. in a short statement at the end
概括；总结；概
述
I can
’
t sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.
我无法用一句话概括他的全部哲理。
in need
not having enough food, money, clothing, or other things that are necessary for life
在困难时；在
贫困之中
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.
这个慈善机构试图向贫困者提供帮助。
count on
depend on sb. or sth., esp. in a difficult situation
依靠；指望
Martin is a capable person whom you can always count on in a crisis.
马丁是个能干的人，在遇到
危机时你总能依靠他。
call on
formally ask sb. to do sth.
呼吁；号召
The trade union called on the workers to go on strike unless the management agreed to give them
a raise.
工会呼吁工人们罢工，除非管理层同意给他们加薪。
Proper names
Tucson
图森（美国亚利桑那州城市）
Arizona
亚利桑那（美国州名）
Daniel
Hernandez
丹尼尔
?
赫尔南德兹（人名）
Gabrielle
Giffords
加布里埃尔
?
吉福德（人名）
Dory Stoddard
多利
?
斯托达德（人名）
9
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