-
Unit 1 How can we become good
learners?
Section A
1.
ask
…
for
请求，询问，向
…
要
eg
He asked me politely for the book.
ask sb (not) to do sth
叫某人（不）做某事
2.
by
prep.
通过
…
靠
…
(
后接
Ving)
eg
She learns English by English magazines.
3.
conversation
cn
交谈，会话
(have conversations with sb)
eg
I
’
ll have a long conversation with her.
4.
aloud
adv.
出声地，大声地（常与
read,think,cry,sho ut
等连用，表示让人能
听得见）
loud
adj/adv
响亮的
/
地，大声的
/
地（指 发音音量大或声音穿得远，做
adv
时常与
speak,talk, laugh
等连用）
loudly
adv.
大声地
（表示声音高且喧闹、不悦耳或令人感到讨厌，常与
knock,r ing,crow
连用）
eg
Look at the sign---
“
No one is allowed to read aloud in the library.
He makes loud noise.
Someone knocked loudly at the door.
5.
practice
v.
练习，操练
(practice doing sth)
practice
un
实践，练习，锻炼
eg
He practices playing football.
Practice makes perfect.
6.
too+adj/adv
原形
+to+V
原形
=so+adj/adv
原形
+that
从句
=not+adj/adv
原形
+enough+to+V
原形
eg
He is too young to go to school.
=He is so young that he can
’
t go to school.
=He isn
’
t old enough to go to school.
7.
spoken English
英语口语
eg
His spoken English is not so good as his written English.
8.
quickly
adv.
快地，迅速地
（指具体的动作迅速敏捷，也指思维反应快）
fast
adj/adv
快的
/
地
（指物体或人的运动速度快，也指说话快）
soon
adv
快速地
（指动作完成或离现在的时间间隔短）
eg
Come quickly,something terrible has happened.
She drives very fast.
My father will leave for Beijing soon.
9.
word by word
逐字地
day by day
日复一日
one by one
逐个
10.
patient
adj
有耐心的，耐烦的
（
be
patient with/to
…
对
…
有耐心）
n
病人
eg
We all like is very patient with us.
The nurse is looking after the patient.
11.
not
…
everything
表示部分否定，
could not understand everything
“并非每件
事都能理解”
当
every, all,always
等表示整体意义的词与
not
连用时，表示部分否定
eg
I didn’
t find everyone on the playground.
Not all balls are round in the USA.
12.
secret
cn
秘密，机密
（
keep a secret
保密；
in secret
秘密地）
adj
秘密的，隐秘的
eg
Exercising every day is the secret of health.
It
’
s a secret passage.
13.
look up
（在字典或资料中）查找；向上看，仰视
eg
I
’
ve forgotten the number,you should look it up again.
They looked up,and found many locusts.
14.
repeat =do or say
…
again
15.
take a note/take notes
记笔记
16.
memorize
v
记忆，记住
(
指有意识地用心地去记，强调主观的动作过程
memory
n
remember
v
记得
（指某件事或印象在记忆里，一般不需要有意识地去记
忆便可以想起）
eg
She tried to memorize every event.
She remembered event that happened in these years.
17.
be afraid of doing sth
担心而害怕做某事
be afraid to do sth
怕而不敢做某事
eg
The girl was afraid to go across the bridge,for she was afraid of falling down
from it.
Section B
1.
increase to
增到，增加到（后
+
总数）
eg
The population of this city has increased to 3,000,000by now.
increase by
以
…
的幅度增加，增加了
…
eg
The population of this factory increased by 10 percent last year.
2.
at the speed of
以
…
速度
at top/full/high speed
高速，全速
eg
Your taxi traveled at the speed of 80 miles an hour.
It
’
s dangerous to turn round the corner at high speed.
3.
be born
出身于
be born with
天生具有
…
be born to do sth
天生能做某事
eg
He was born in a small village.
Her cousin brother was born with a mole(
胎记
) on the shoulder.
Man was born to cry,so it
’
s with other animals.
4.
have the ability to do sth
有能力做某事
eg
Jenny is the first person for the job,she has the ability to communicate.
5.
take an interest in=be interested in
对
…
感兴趣
lose interest in
对
…
失去兴趣
eg
She seems to take an interest in discussing the trip.
He has lost interest in fishing.
6.
create
v
创造，创建，创作
creative
adj
创造性的，有创意的
creation
n
创造，创建
7.
It
’
s +adj +for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事是
……
It
’
s +adj +of sb to do sth
(adj
是表示情感，
特征的词
:kind ,nice ,good ,silly ,wrong ,wise
等
)
eg
It
’
s hard for you to finish it.
It
’
s kind of you to say so.
8.
pay attention to
注意
…
留心
…（
to
是介词，后接
n/pron/Ving
）
eg
Your spoken English is a little pay attention to it.
As you see,Sam didn
’
t pay much attention to watching TV
.
9.
connect
…
with
…
把
…
和
…< br>连接起来
connect
…
to
…
把
…
连上
eg
First,the light is connected to a switch.
Don
’
t connect the matter with what happened last week.
10.
even if =even though
即使，纵然
eg
I wouldn
’
t give up even if I should fail a second time.
I can still remember even though it happened so long ago.
11. unless=if
…
not
…
如果不，除非
eg
You
’
ll be late unless you hurry.
=You
’
ll be late if you don
’
t hurry.
Unit 2 I think mooncakes are delicious!
Section A
1.a little too
太
……
一点
eg
Kevin was a little too young to dress himself.
on
增加（体重）发胖
+weight
穿上，戴上
+
衣物
eg
Last month,Joan put on some weight.
s put on his hat and hurried out.
cn
重量单位“磅”
.
货币单位“英镑”
eg
two pounds of milk
After the Sichuan earthquake,the British government gave away1,000,000 pounds.
down
击落，击毁
eg
An US UA
V was shot down in Iran last year.
to do sth
尽力做某事（但不一定成功）
.try doing sth
尝试做某事
eg
She tried to climb onto the bank(
河岸
)
，
but failed.
You always travel by train,why not try taking a bus for a change?
偷，窃取
（
stole
stolen
）
. steal sth from
从
……
偷某物
eg
The child stole a book from the shelf.
.have sth stolen
某物被偷
eg
She had her purse
（钱包）
stolen.
… …
that
……
如此
……
以至于
……
.so+adj/adv+that
从句
.so+adj+a/an+
单数名词
+that
从句
.so+many/few+
复数名词
+that
从句
.so+much/little+
不可数名词
+that
从句
eg
He is so young that he can
’
t go to school.
He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam.
.such
……
that
……
如此
……
以至于
……
.such+a/an+
单数名词
+that
从句
.such+
复数名词
/
不可数名词
+that
从句
.such+a/an+adj+n+that
从句
.such+adj+
复数名词
/
不可数名词
+that
从句
eg
He is such a good student that we all believe him.
It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home.
v
平放，放置
(lay out
摆开，布置
)
产卵，下蛋
eg
Mrs,Turner laid out the flowerpots in her garden.
How strange it is to see the hen lay two eggs a day!
lie----lying----lay----lain
躺，位于
lie----lying----lied----lied
撒谎
lay----laying----laid----laid
平放，产卵
vt
欣赏，观赏
（
admire sth
欣赏某物）
Vt
钦佩，羡慕
（
admire
……
for
……
因
……
而钦佩
……
）
eg
Standing on the top of the mountain,you can admire the beauty of the whole city.
We admire Ann for her courage.
cn
领带
（
a shirt and tie
）
.
v
拴，扎，系，绑
（
tie
…
to
…
将
…
拴到
…
）
eg
It
’
s formal
（正式）
to wear a shirt and tie if you go to a party.
Please tie your dog to the tree.
11.
感叹句的种类
How
引导的感叹句
(1)
How+adj+
主语
+
谓语！
(2)
How+adv+
主语
+
谓语
!
(3)
How+adj+a/an+
单数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
(4)
How+
主语
+
谓语！
eg
How blue the sky is!
How well she danced that day!
How interesting a book it is!
How time flies!
What
引导的感叹句
(1)
What+a/an+
单数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
(2)
What +
不可数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
(3)
What+
复数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
(4)
What+a/an+adj+
单数名词
+
主语< br>+
谓语！
(5)
What+adj+
不可数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
(6)
What+adj+
复数名词
+
主语
+
谓语！
eg
What a horse it is!
What fun it was!
What colors they are!
What a nice girl she is!
What fine weather it was last week!
What silly questions they are.
Section B
1.
trick
cn
恶作剧，闹剧
(play a trick on sb
捉弄某人
)
eg
The kids played tricks on Harvey when he was young.
2.
treat
cn
招待，款待
v
对待，把
…
看作
(treat
…
as
…
把
…
看作
…
)
eg
It
’
s my treat.
Don
’
t treat his words as a joke.
3.
dress up as+sb
装扮成某人
dress up in+
服装或颜色
穿上
…
eg
The kids are dressing up as pirates(
海盗
)
Father Christmas often dresses up in red.
4.
mean
adj
小气的，吝啬的，自私的
(be mean with
…
对
…
吝啬
)
v
意味着，意欲
mean doing sth
意味着做某事
mean to do sth
打算做某事
not mean to do sth
不是有意做某事
eg
was mean with almost everything.
That would mean wasting a lot of labor.
Really?I don
’
t mean to waste any labor.
I don
’
t mean to be late ,sir.
5.
business
un
商业，生意
.un
职责，事务，事
(on business
出差
)
.cn
商铺，商店
eg
Sometimes,business English is hard to learn.
has gone to Hainan Island on business.
She has a business in Paris.
5.
punish sb for (doing) sth
因为（做）某事而处罚某人
eg
He was punished for breaking the school rules.
6.
warn sb of sth
警告某人某事
warn sb (not) to do sth
警告某人（不）做某事
warn sb +that
从句
eg
We
’
ve warned the kids of the risk of electricity.
We
’
ve been warned not to go out these days.
I warned her that snakes are dangerous.
7.
end up doing sth
最终成为
…
结果为
…
eg
I didn
’
t like it at first,but we ended up cheering.
end up with
以
…
告终
eg
Their game ended up with a quarrel.
7.
present
un
现在，目前
(at present)
.cn
礼物赠品
.adj
现在的，目前的
.
出席的，到场的
eg
At present,everything goes well.
My uncle sent me an iPad as a birthday present.
What do you think of your present company,David?
The present guests were all in high spirit.
8.
spread
v/n
传播，蔓延
eg
The fire spread in a short time.
China has successfully controlled the spread of bird flu.
（禽流感）
9.
hiding
n
躲藏，隐藏处
(in hiding
躲藏着
;go into hiding
躲起来
)
eg
Tom
and
his
sister
went
into
hiding
when
they
heard
the
sound
of
their
mother
’
s
footsteps.
10.
hunt
n
搜索，搜寻
(hunt for)
eg
The hunt for the sunk ship(
沉船
) continue
11.
not only
…
but also
…
不但
…
而且
…(
连接两个相对称的并列成分，若连接两个主语时要
实行就近原则
)
eg
Not only bt also his son loves the movies.
Unit 3 Could you please tell me where
the restrooms are?
Section A
1.
information
un
消息（表示通过打听、学习、观察等方式获得的资料）
.news
un
新闻，消息（指人们感兴趣的或近来发生的事情，尤指通过广播、电
视、报纸等事情）
.message
cn
消息，口信（指口头或书信传递给他人的消息）
eg
We need some information.
He often sends me short messages.
We listen to the news on the radio.
2.
Could you please+V
原形
……
.
？
请你
……
.
好吗？
.Could you please not+V
原形
……
?
请你不要
……
好吗？
（其回答中不能用
could,只能用
can.
即
Yes,I can.
或
No/Sorry,I can
’
t
eg
Could you please be here a little earlier?
Sorry,I can
’
t.
3.
beside
prep
在旁边，在附近
=next to/close to
besides
prep
除
…
之外还
…
eg
A girl is standing beside the tree.
Dis anyone else come besides Jack?
4.
get sb sth=get sth for sb(get
是“买到，弄到，得到”之意
)
eg
Who
’
d like to get some chalk for me?
=Who
’
d like to get me some chalk?
5.
pardon
v
原谅（主要用于没听清对方说话时，恳请对方再说一遍）
.excuse me
打扰一下
（主要用于吸引别人的注意，
有麻烦或打扰之意所做之事可
能会使别人不愉快或不方便，诸如插话、失陪、提出请求、纹路等）
eg
Can I ask you some questions?
Pardon?
Excuse me,can you tell me where the bank is?
6.
need
v
需要（实义动词）
need to do sth
需要去做某事
need doing sth
需要被做某事
eg
Harold needed to bring drinks.
Potatoes need cooking a little longer.
7.
suggest
v
使人想到，使人联想，提议，建议
suggest sth (to sb)=suggest (to sb)
（向某人）提议
/
建议
…
suggest doing sth
提议
/
建议做某事
suggest +tha t
从句（虚拟语气，其谓语用
should+
动词原形，
should
常被省略）
eg
What did you suggest to the manager?
I suggested going home at once.
I suggest (that) we go out to eat.
8.
psaa by
经过，路过，从
…
旁边经过
.go by
流逝，过去
eg
He passed by without greeting me.
Time goes by.
8.
宾语从句
(2)
类型
①
连词
that
引导的宾语从句由陈述句 转化而来，
that
无意义，
that
可省略
eg
I think (that) she
’
ll be back soon.
He didn
’
t know (that) his brother was also there.
that
在下列情况中不宜省略
主句与宾语从句间有插入语
eg
She said here,in her letter,
that
she was getting on well with her studies.
出现两个或以上的 宾语从句，此时只有第一个
that
可以省略，其余的不能省略
eg
Danny told me (that) he would go to Canada and
that
he had been there once.
②
连词代词
who,who m,what,which,whose
和
when, where,why,how
等引导的宾语从句
由特殊疑问句转化而来，这些连接代词或连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，
因此不能省略。
eg
I want to know when he will come.
I don
’
t know how many people have been to Tibet.
Can you tell me how I can get to the train station?
I wondered who would teach us English.
③
连词
if
或
whether
引导的宾语从句 由一般疑问句转化而来，一般情况下这两个词
可以互换，它们的意思为“是否”
eg
She asked us if we would visit the West Farm.
Please tell me whether it
’
ll rain or not tomorrow.
下列情况中只能用
whether
作介词的宾语从句
eg
It depends
on whether
he
’
ll ready tomorrow.
在“
whether or not
”结构中
eg
I asked him
whether or not
he would go on a picnic.
位于句首的宾语从句
eg
Whether he
’
s alive
,they
’
re not sure.
在
discuss
后的宾语从句
eg
They
’
re
discussing whether
they
’
ll go there.
与动词不定式连用
eg
I don
’
t know
whether to
visit her
.
(3)
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句只能用陈述语序
①
疑问句转化为宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变为陈述句语序
eg
Can you tell me
where he lives
?
②
疑问词本身作主语或修饰主语，因为该句子本来就是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句< br>时，语序保持不变
eg
Do you know
who is going to speak
at the meeting?
(4)
宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制
①
主句是现在时态，从句的时态不受限制，可依实际情况选用所需的时态。
eg
I hope
we
’
ll have
a happy year together.
He tells me how
it happened
in the 1950s.
②
主句是过去时态，从句的时态一般选用过去某一时态
eg
John said
he was watching
a movie at that time.
Did he tell you
he had read
that story?
③
从句是客观真理，或是一种自然现象、科学原理、谚语 、格言等，或是经常性的
动作等，其时态用一般现在时
eg
She said that
east or west, home is best
.
Did
n’
t he tll you that
the Venus is almost as big as our earth
?
(5)
宾语从句与动词不定式的转换
①
主句的主语与从句的主语同指一人或物时
eg
I
know what
I
’
ll do with the old bike.
=I know what to do with the old bike.
②
主句含双宾语，指人的宾语与宾语从句中的主语同指一人时
eg
You didn
’
t tell
me
where
I
could find her.
=You didn
’
t tell me where to find her.
Section B
1.
convenient
adj
便利的，方便的（一般不以人作主语）
常用
It
’
s convenient (for sb) to do sth
eg
I live just next to the supermarket, so it
’
s convenient to go shopping.
It
’
s convenient for me to go there by bus
2.
ask about sth
询问（打听）某事
ask sb for help
向某人求助
eg
Did you ask about pets?
Ask for help if you have any difficulty.
3.
request
n
要求，请求
(make a request/at one
’
s request
应
…
要求
)
v
要求，请求
request sb to do sth
要求
/
请求某人做某事
request sth (from sb)
（向某人）要求某物
request+that
从句（从句谓语用
sho uld+
动词原形，
should
可省略）
eg
When you need something in a formal party,do you know how to make a request.
I request her to go alone.
She requested permissionto film(
拍摄
)at the White House.
I request that she (should) go alone.
4.
whom
谁，什么人
(
是
who
的宾格形式，
只能作宾语 ，
一般可以用
who
代替，当
介词后的
whom
不能被who
代替
)
eg
Do you know who/whom Mr. Black is talking to?
With whom will I practice the convation?
4.
be polite to
对
…
礼貌（反义词组：
be impolite to
）
eg
You should be polite to the elderly.
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.
Section A
1.
humorous
adj
有幽默感的，滑稽有趣的
humour
n
幽默
(sense of humour
幽默感
)
eg
We all like
’
s class because of his humorous behavior.
Keep the sense of humour,and just laugh at your mistakes.
2.
from time to time
有时
=sometimes/at times
eg
Mr. Xu swam in the river nearby from time to time./at times.
3.
It
has
been +
时间
+since
+
从句
从
…
以来已是
…
的时间。其中
it
指代时间，
since
引导的从句用一般过去时
eg
It
’
s been nearby 10 years since we parted in the West Point.
4.
Asian
adj
亚洲的，亚洲人的
cn
亚洲人
European
adj
欧洲的，欧洲人的
cn
欧洲人
African
adj
非洲的
,
非洲人的
cn
非洲人
eg
Singapore is one of the richest Asian countries.
Asians are different from Europeans in skin and eyes.
During the trip, we met some Africans.
5.
deal with
处理，应付
（常与
how
连用，侧重于解决问题，强调处理问题的
方法）
deal
n
交易
(eg
This is a good deal)
do with
处理
（常与
what
连用，侧重于对某物的利用）
eg
What have you done with the eggs?
Have you found how to deal with the problem?
6.
dare to do sth
敢做某事
eg
Would you dare to ride an elephant?
7.
not
……
anymore=no more
不再
eg
The baby didn
’
t cry anymore.
=The baby cried no more.
8.
be prepared to do sth
愿意做某事
be prepared for sth
准备某事
eg
Are you prepared to help him out?
A large camera was prepared for the party.
9.
a (large/big/small
…
) number of +
复数名词
+
谓语动词复数
the number of +
复数名词
+
谓语动词单数
eg
A number of students in their class are from the countryside.
The number of students in our school is over 2000.
9.
make it
办成功，做到，赶到
eg
We
’
ll make it if you hurry.
10.
dark
n
黑暗，无光
adj
暗的，深色的
eg
All the lights went out,and we were left in the dark.
It is getting dark,let
’
s hurry.
11.
alone
adj
单独的，独自的
adv
单独地，独自地
(=by oneself)
lonely
adj
孤独的，寂寞的
,
偏僻的，荒凉的
eg
The old man lives alone,but he never feels lonely.
The old man came from a lonely village.
12.
speech
n
讲话，发言，演讲
make a speech on
…
做关于
…
的演讲
give a speech
讲演，讲话
eg
People still remember the speech Martain Luther King gave.
13.
in public
在公众场合，当众，公开
=in public place
eg
It
’
s rude to spit in public.
14.
be good at
擅长
…
..(
长期情况下一直很好
)
be good in
在
……
表现出色（不一定在长期情况下一直很好）
eg
Alex is good at languages. Alex
擅长语言。
It has been proved to be good in practice result.
实践效果良好。
15.
get good scores in+
科目
get good scores+
考试
/
测试
16.
used to
的肯定句：主语
+used to do sth
否定句：主语
+didn
’
t use (used not/usedn
’
t) to do sth
一般疑问句：
Did +
主语
+use to do sth?
Yes,
主语
+did./No,
主语
+didn
’
t
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+did+
主语
+use to do sth?
Section B
1.
one
（两个中的）一个
……
the other
另一个
one
（三者或以上中的）一个
……
another
另一个
…
some
一些
……
others
另一些（并非全部）
…
some
一些
……
the others
其余的全部
eg
He has two is working in Urumqi,and the other is in Germany.
Would you like another cup of tea?
Young people may grow quickly in some ways and slowly in others.
Some are reading,others are doing their homework.
2.
influence
vt.
影响，起作用
（
influence sb to do sth
）
n
影响，作用
（
have an influence on
对
……
有影响
with the influence of
在
……
影响下）
eg
LuXun
’
s works influenced morden Chinese literature.
His
frequent
absence
has
a
bad
influence
on
other
students,so
I
suggest
a
conversation with his parents.
It poured with the influence of the typhoon..
3.
seldom
adv.
很少，不常
（反义词：
often
）
eg
Jenny
’
s parents seldom collect her at school.
4.
cause
v
引起
……
，导致，使发生，
（给
…
）带来，事遭遇
cause sth to/for sb
给某人带来某事
cause sb to do sth
引起某人做事
eg
His son used to cause a lot of trouble for his family.
The drought caused the plants to die.
5.
be absent from
缺席
eg
Liu Xiang was absent from many important events because his foot was hurt.
6.
fail to do sth
未能做
……
not fail to do sth
从来不会忘记做
……
eg
Alison failed to finish working.
Though she was hurrying,she didn
’
t fail to say
“
sorry
”
th the old man.
7.
make the decision to do sth=decide to do sth
决定做某事
eg
He made a decision to study in England.
8.
advise doing sth
建议做某事
advise sb to do sth
建议某人做某事
advise sb on sth
建议某人某事
eg
He advised learning early.
I strongly advise you to take a plane.
They often advises us on our work.
9.
in person
亲自地，亲身地
eg
You
’
d better experience water slides in person.
10.
be there for sb
随时乐于帮助（他人）
，随叫随到
eg
When I have trouble with something,Mun is always there for me.
11.
take pride in
对
……
感到自豪
=be proud of
以
……
为骄傲
eg
They take great pride in their daughter.
n was usually pround of his new car.
12.
remain
一直保持，仍然处于某种状态
（后
+adj/n/Ving
）
eg
He remained silent all the time.
This still remains a serious problem.
She remains working at night.
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?
Section A
1.
be made of
由
……
制成（看得出原材料）
be made from
由
……
制成（看不出原材料）
eg
Tables and chairs are made of wood/
Paper is made from wood.
be made in
某物生产于某地
be made by
某物由某人制造
eg
Is this watch made in China?
These kites were made by my grandpa.
2.
be known for=be famous for
以
/
因
……
闻名
be known as=be famous as
作为
……
出名
be known to
对
……
来说有名
/
为人所熟悉的
eg
Li Yundi is known for his piano skills.
Li Yundi is known as a pianist.
He is known to the policeman because of his criminal record.
3.
by hand
通过人工或手工
in hand
现有，在手头，在手中
eg
be fed by hand
Roses given,fragrance in hand.
4.
pack
v
打包，装箱
pack sb sth
为某人打包某物
pack up sth
打包某物
eg
Mum is packing her kid fast food.
Have you packed up all the things needed?
5.
no matter
不论，不管（常与特殊疑问词连用，构成让步状语从句）
no matter what=whatever
无论什么
no matter who=whoever
不管谁
no matter where=wherever
无论哪里
no matter how=however
无论怎样
6.
product
cn
产品，制品
product of
……
出品
eg
It is the product of Hongjinlong Cigarette Corporation.
7.
avoid
vt
避免，回避
avoid doing sth
避免做某事
eg
The traveler took a compass(
指南针
) with him to avoid taking wrong ways in the forest.
8.
experience
cn
感受，经历
un
阅历，经验
(
后接
in
或
of
表示某方面有经验
)
vt
体验，有
……
经验
eg
The car accident was a terrible experience to him.
She is a teacher with more than 20 years
’
experience in teaching.
Have you experienced real hunger?
9
．
traffic
un
车辆，交通（
heavy traffic
拥挤的交通）
eg
Heavy traffic is a common problem in big cities.
9.
accident
cn
事故，意外事件
(car/traffic accident
交通事故，车祸
)
cn
意外
(by accident
偶然，意外地
)
eg
Poor David was killed in a car accident.
Grandma fell downstairs by accident.
10.
sometimes
有时
some
times
几次，几倍
sometime
某时
some
time
一段时间
11.
allow to do sth
允许做某事
allow sb
（
not
）
to do sth
（不）允许某人做某事
be
（
not
）
allowed to do sth
（不）被允许做某事
eg
She allows me to come in.
I am allowed to come in by her.
Section B
1.
paint
v
（用颜料）画，绘画；
（用油漆）刷
n
油漆，涂料，颜料
eg
He likes painting picyures.
Wear old clothes when you are painting.
The door will need two more coats of paint.
2.
form
cn
形式，类型
in the form of
以
……
形式出现
eg
The road to the village is in the form of a big
“
S
”
.
3.
send out
送出，发出，放出
eg
It
’
s important to send out messages in time.
4.
in trouble
有麻烦，处于困难之中
eg
Help him or her when someone is in trouble.
5.
be covered with
被
…
覆盖，长满
…
，开满
…
eg
The tree is covered with flowers now.
He covered his knees with his coat.
6.
light
vt
点燃，照亮
（
light----lit----lit
）
cn
灯，交通灯
un
光，光线
adj
轻的，浅色的，轻柔的，少量的
eg
A thunder(
雷电
) lit the forest.
Turn on the light,please.
Don
’
t read in too strong or too poor light.
The box was light,you can carry it.
7.
scissors
n
剪刀（常用复数形式）
a pair of scissors
一把剪刀
eg
In that case,the scissors are more convenient.
A pair of scissors is lying on the floor.
8.
fire
v
焙，烘制
/
开火，开枪
/
解雇，解聘
n
火，炉火
eg
It
’
ll be more delicious to fire potatoes,I suppose.
He fired (his gun) at the animal.
Tony was fired because of frequent absence(
旷工
).
Make a fire
9.
research
un
研究，调查
research on/in/into/for
……
“
……
的研究”
eg
She
’
s doing some research on students
’
daily life.
Unit 6 When was it invented?
Section A
1.
used to+V
原形
过去常常做某事
be used to+Ving
习惯于，适应于
be used to+V
原形
=be used for+Ving
被用于
…
be used as+n
名词
被用于
…
be used by+sb/sth
被
……
使用
eg
I used to have short hair.
I am used to drinking milk every morning.
The machine is used to cut things
=the machine is used for cutting things.
English is used as a foreign language in China.
The car is used by my uncle.
2.
pleasure
un
愉快，高兴
cn
快乐的事
My pleasure./With pleasure.
愿意，乐意
It
’
s a pleasure.=A pleasure.=My pleasure.
不客气
3.
by accident=by chance
偶然地
by accident of
靠
……
的运气
eg
Columbus discovered America by accident.
By accident of birth,he was rich.
4.
fall into=drop into
落入，陷入
eg
The boy didn
’
t notice the pooland fell into it.
5.
smell
v
闻起来，发出
……
的气味
n
气味
eg
The flowers and grass in spring smell nice and pleasant.
Some flowers have strong smells.
6.
taste
v
品尝，尝起来
n
味觉
eg
The fish tastes delicious.
Her taste is keen.
7.
It
’
s believed that
……
人们相信
……
It
’
s said that
……
据说
……
It
’
s reported that
……
据报道
……
It
’
s known that
……
众所周知
……
8.
in+the+
序数词
+century
在
……
世纪
the 1840s=the 1840
’
s
19
世纪
40
年代
eg
The computer was invented in the twentieth century.
9.
until
直到
……
为止
not
……
until
… …
直到
……
才
……
eg
He worked until 9 o
’
clock.
他一直工作到
9
点。
He didn
’
t work until 9 o
’
clock.
他九点才工作。
10.
without doubt
毫无疑问，确实
no doubt
无疑地，很可能
eg
China is without doubt one of the countries who own aircraft carriers.
There
’
s no doubt that she
’
ll fly back to the USA.
11.
at a low price
价格的高低要用
high/low
，要用介词
at
the price of
…
……
的价格
eg
The price of the shoes is so high that I can
’
t afford them.
12.
transla te
……
into
……
把
…
翻译成
…
LuXun
’
s works were translated into many different languages.
13.
被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态：
肯定句
/
陈述句：主语
+am/ is/are+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
否定句：主语
+am/is/are+not+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
一般疑问句：
am/is/are+
主语
+Ved(
过去分词
)+< br>其他
+
（
by sb
）？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+ am/is/are+
主语
+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他？
过去时的被动语态：
肯定句
/
陈述句：主语
+was/w ere+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
否定句：主语
+was/were+not+Ved(
过 去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
一 般疑问句：
was/were+
主语
+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+ was/were+
主语
+V
ed(< br>过去分词
)+
其他？
情态动词的被动语态：
肯定 句
/
陈述句：主语
+
情态动词
+be+Ved(
过去分词< br>)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
否定句：主语
+
情态动词
+not+be +Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）
.
一般疑问句：情态动词
+
主语
+be+Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他
+
（
by sb
）？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+
情态动词
+
主语
+be +Ved(
过去分词
)+
其他？
注意：
动词的主动形式表示被动之意
1).
系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有：
be
动词
, look, seem,
appear, feel, sound, smell, taste
等
eg
It smells terrible.
2).
下列动词
(
词组
)
没有被动式：
happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take
An accident happened yesterday.
3).
不及物动词
sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear
等，
常用主动形式表示被
动意义。
eg
This book sells well.
这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well.
这种布很容易洗。
4).
在英语口语中，有时可用“
get+
过去分词”构成被动语态。
eg
I got dressed as quickly as l could.
我尽快穿上衣服。
这样结构比较常见的搭配有：
get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk,
get lost, get married
等。
Section B
1.
fun
un
有趣的活动或经历，乐趣
（
good/great fun
很有趣，很愉快
have fun (in) doing sth=have fun with sth
做某事有趣）
adj
有趣的
funny
adj
滑稽的，可笑的
eg
The Smiths are great fun.
Did you have fun working with Brain,Jean?
Your son has a funny book.
He is a fun person to be here.
2.
divide
……
into
……
把
…
分成
…
eg
Teachers usually divide their class into four groups.
3.
stop sb/sth from doing sth
阻止某人做某事
/
某事发生
stop doing sth
停止做某事
stop to do sth
停下来去做某事
can
’
t stop doing sth
忍不住做某事
eg
We must stop the ship from going down.
Please stop smoking.
I am
’
s stop to have a rest.
I couldn
’
t stop laughing when I heard this.
4.
get
…
into
…
使
…
进入或陷入
…
中
eg
How can you get the insects into the tower?
4.
not only
……
but also
……
不但
…
而且
…
(
连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与第二个主语保持一致
)
eg
He not only named the rock,but also knew where it came from.
Not only you but also he has been there before.
5.
encourage sb to do sth
鼓励某人做某事
eg
The teacher always encourages us to work hard.
6.
come up with
想出，提出
eg
He came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
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