shap(外研版)初中英语笔记初二(下)

2021年1月24日发(作者：acute)





（外研版）初中英语笔记

初二

（下）

Module 1 Hobbies
1.
基本句型：




⑴主语
+
系动词
+
表语（
+
状语）







Tom is very happy today.



⑵主语
+
谓语（不及物动词）
（
+
状语）







The first book came out in 2003.



⑶主语
+
谓 语（及物动词）
+
宾语（
+
状语）







He wrote a book in senior high school.



⑷主语
+
谓语（及物动词）
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语（
+
状语）







His hobby has brought him enjoyment.



⑸主语
+
谓语（及物动词）
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语（
+
状语）







I didn
’
t want you to work too hard.



⑹
there be+
主语
+
状语








There is a very nice cup on the table.







There are many story books in his schoolbag.



一般来说，置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因 状语，置于谓语部
分之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随成分。


2. tidy up
“整理；收拾”
。当宾语是代词时，要放在
tidy
和
up
中间；
当宾语是名词时，既可放在中间，也可放在其后。如：





Your room is untidy. Can you tidy it up?




The students tidied up the classroom.

（类似的还有
turn on, turn off, put on, write down
等动词
+
副词形式）

3. listen to sb. do sth.
听见某人做某事。




I often listen to him play the violin.



(
类似于
see, hear
等后面可以接不带
to
的动词不定式
)
4.
当
play
后面接表示乐器的名词时，
需要在该名词前加上定冠词
the;




如：
play the piano,

play the flute
（笛子）




当
play
后面接表示球类的名词时，该名词前不接任何冠词。






如：
play basketball, play football
5. as well as
“也；还；并且”



A as well as B
（强调
A
而不是
B
）
，如：




She is clever as well as pretty.



We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.
6. come out
“出版；出现；
（秘密等）传出；结果是”

7. as a result
“结果”
，相当于
so,
前者用逗号隔开，后者反之。




He had some bad meat. As a result, he felt ill.


as a result of
“因为
……”

8. collect

v.
收集；



collector

n.
收集者



have a collection of
…


“
收集
……”



如：
I have a collect of dolls.
9. take up
占用（时间、空间）




The job takes up all my time.



The big desk takes up too much space.
10. at the end of

在
……
末尾

11.
⑴
sth. +happen+
时间
/
地点

“某时（某地）发生了某事







The story happened in Beijing in 2008.



⑵
sth. happen to sb.

“某人出了某事（常指不好的）
”







A car accident happened to her this morning.



⑶
sb.
happen to do
sth.
或
It happens/happens that
…
某人碰巧做某
事。







I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.

Module 2 Friendship
1.
宾语从句（即放在动词后面作宾语的句子）
：




㈠宾语从句的三要素：

引导词：
that
，
if/whether
，疑问词










语序：
陈述语序
（较特殊的如：
He asked me what was the matter.
）






时态：①主句的时态是现在时，从句可用任意所需时态。如：














Please tell us where he is.











②主句的时态是过去式，从句要用相应的过去式。如：














He told me that he was tired.











③从句叙说普遍真理或客观规律时，则用一般现在时。
如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
原句式

一般现在时

现在进行时
(am,is,are+v.-ing)
现在完成时
(have/has+
过去分词
)
一般将来时（
will+
动词原形
/
am,is,are going to +v.)

㈡
that
引导的宾语从句：
（多数可省略）



谓语动词表肯定概念，接
that
引导的从句的谓语动词不可有疑
问的含义， 多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词，

如：
believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say,
see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn
等。

Betty thinks (that) trees improve the air.



I hope that it will be snow this winter.



㈢
whether/if
引导的宾语从句：






原句式为一般疑问句时就用
whether/if
“ 是否”
，常表达不确定
概念。如：







He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday.





wh ether
与
if
一般可通用，但以下情况只用
whether
：< br>






★和
or not
连用：










I don
’
t know whether he will come or not.
宾语从句

一般过去时

过去进行时（
was,were+v.-ing
）

过去完成时（
had+
过去分词）

过去将来时
(would+
动词原形
/
was,were going to +v.)






★动词不定式前：









He didn
’
t know whether to stay or not.






★介词后
:








I’
m not interested in whether she will go shopping.






★宾语从句位于句首；






< br>★带有
discuss
（讨论）
、
decided
（决定）< br>、
doubt
（怀疑）等词。







㈣疑问词引导的宾语从句：
（
who, when, where, what, why, how
…
）







注：在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。






He asks how we can help protect the environment.





They haven
’
t decided where they should go for the holiday.

2. a couple of
“一些，几个”
；



They will be back in a couple of weeks.


a couple of
作主语时，谓语动词用单数：



There is a couple of boys waiting for you.
3. day by day
“
一天比一天地；每天；日益”
，指不断发生变化的。






He grew stronger day by day.



day after day
“一天天地”
，指不断重复的。

4.
①
remember doing sth.
记得曾经做过某事。





I remember meeting her at a party once.



②
remember to do sth.
记住要去做某事。







Remember to close the windows before you go out.
5. find+
复合宾语



⑴
find+
宾语
+
名词





The teacher finds the girl a good singer.


⑵
find+
宾语
+
形容词






I find English grammar very difficult.


⑶
find+ it+
宾语补足语
+
动词不定式






He found it very hard to answer the question.


⑷
find +
宾语
+
介词短语（或过去分词，现在分词）






I found the cat under the bed.
6. good luck with sth.


good luck to sb.



7. by the way


顺便说



in the way



挡路；妨碍



on one
’
s way/ on the way

在路上

8. worry about=be worried about
“担心
……
”



Don
’
t worry about me. I am not a child any moer.
9.
①
far away
“遥远的”
，在句中做表语、状语和后置定语。






(be) far away from

远离
……






The school far away from my home.


②
faraway

“遥远的”
，可做名词的前置定语。






He lives in a faraway village.
10. lonely
“孤独的”
，指心理感受；
alone
独单；独自（无旁人）





I’
m not lonely though I am alone.
11. make friends with
与
……
交朋友

12. be close to


离
……
近


Module 3 on the radio
1. to +v.
与
v.-ing
作宾语：



一般来说，不定式表示将来的动作或行为，而
v.-ing
形式 表示经常
性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。

只接
to+v.
的

want, hope, wish,

decide, expect, plan,
agree, promise
…






2.
答谢时常用的表达方式：




Don
’
t mention it.

Not at all.



You
’
re welcome.

That
’
s all right.



It
’
s my pleasure.
只接
v.-ing
的

enjoy, finish, mind,
practice, keep on
…


接
to
或
v.-ing
的

like,
love,
begin,
start,
continue, hate.
(
以上意义差别不大
)

try, mean,

remember,
forget,
stop
…
(
以上意
义差别大
)
3.
①

look out=watch out=be careful

“小心；当心”



②
look out for sb. / sth.
“留心某人或某物”
。
.







Look out for snake!



③
look out of

向外看；

look down
向下看；
look up
向上看。

4. need to do sth.
需要做某事。




We need to speak English well.


need doing sth. =stn. need to be done.
某物需要
……




Her room needs to be cleaned.
5. keep doing sth.

一直做某事；继续做某事。





They kept talking about it.
6.
①
prepare sth.
准备某物。





Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen.



②
prepare for sth.=get ready for


为
……
做准备




③
prepare to do sth.

准备做某事


7.
①
explain sth. to sb.

向某人解释某物






The teacher explained the problem to class.



②
explain+
从句







He explained why he was late for school.
8. seem
做连系动词，
“似乎；好像；看起来”




①
seem+
名词。






Lucy seems a very clever girl.



②
seem+
形容词。






He seems quite happy.



③
seem+
动词不定式。






The man seemed to be ill.



④
seem+
介词短语。






They seem in high spirits.



⑤
it seems +that
从句
=sb. seems to do sth.





It seems that she
’
s right.



⑥
it seems(ed)+as if/ as though
从句







It seems as if it
’
s going to rain.
9.
①
noise
噪音；吵闹声






Don
’
t make any noise in class.



②
voice
“声音，噪声”
，多指人的声音。






The singer
’
s voice is so sweet.



③
sound
“声音；
声响”
，大自然的声音（人声，鸟声，
机器轰鸣）







The story sounds interesting.

Module 4 New technology
1. if
从句㈠㈡∶



if
引导的条件状语从句表示“如果”
。



⑴
if
从句
+
祈使句：






if
从句用一般现在时，祈使句的谓语动词用动词原形
;if< br>从句可
以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如：





If you want to go, please tell me.




Look at our website if the camera does not work.


⑵
if
从句
+
陈述句：





if
从句中用一般现在时，表示将来的一种条件，从句中可以加时
间状语；
当
if
表将来条件时，
主句用一般将来时，
从句用一般现在时。




If it doesn
’
t rain tomorrow, we
’
ll go to the Great Wall.




If I play games on it, it will go wrong.
2. connect
“连接”



connect sth. to/ with
…

如：




Could you connect the printer to the computer?
3.
“

bite (hit) sb. on/ in the+
身体部位名词”
，表示咬（打）某人某部
位。一般 柔软多肉的部位用
in
，如：
face, leg, stomach, eye;




一般坚硬结实的部位用
on
，如：
foot, hand, head, nose, shoulder
。







They hit him on the head.
4.

⑴

lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
把某物借给某人；







Betty lent her MP3 player to Mars.


⑵
borrow…
from
…
借入；







Allen borrowed
￥
2000 from her parents yesterday.



⑶
keep
—
kept
—
kept ,
借多久，是延续性动词，可与时间段连用。







He has kept the book for two weeks.
5. save one
’
s life
“挽救某人的生命”





The doctors saved that boy
’
s life.




The doctors saved people
’
s lives.
6.
①
be / get ready for sth.
为某事做好准备。




②
be/ get ready to do sth.
乐于
/
愿意去做某事。






He is always ready to help others.

Module 5 Problems
1.

①
rather than
“是
……
而不是
……”
“与其
……
不如
……”







Rather I than you am the winner.







而我比你是胜利者。









You rather than I
are
going to camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。


②
rather A than B

“
B
肯定不会做
A
将要做的事”如：






Rather you than me!
你行，我可不行！



③
would rather (do) than (do)
或

would (do) rather than (do)







“
宁愿
……
而不愿”
。






如：
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the park.







The children would walk there rather than take a bus.



④
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

“
宁愿
……
而不愿”
。


2.
①
warn sb. about
提醒
/
警告某人注意某人某事。




He warned me about pickpockets.


②
warn sb. (not) to do sth.

提醒
/
警告某人（不要）做某事。




We warned Tony not to drive so fast.
3.
口语中表示“真遗憾！
/
多可惜啊！
”
，如：




It
’
s a sham. /
That’s
a sham. / what a sham (pity).
4. (be) proud of


“以
……
为荣；为
……
感到自豪”





Jack is very proud his model plane.
5. go wrong
出毛病；出故障；出错

6. be angry with sb.

生某人的气

7. at least


至少

8. beat
和
win

“赢”




①
beat
—
beat
—
beaten
“
击败”
，
后接人
sb.
，
团队
team
，
国家
a nation
。







I believe Joke will beat all the runners.



②
win
后接事物，比赛、奖项、战争
……







We won the game.
9. refuse to do sth.

拒绝做某事。





The singer refused to sing to the rich woman.
10.
①
such
形容词“如此；这样”
，后接名词。









如：

such (beautiful) flowers



②
so
副词“如此地；这么”
，后接形容词或其他副词









如：


so lovely a place,

so happy



③
such
和
so
后接单数可数名词时，词序不同：







so+ adj. +a (an) +n.

/

such+ a (an) +adj. +n.






如：
so nice a coat = such a nice coat




④后接名词复数或不可数名词时，只用
such
。但后有
much, little,
few
等修饰时，只用
so.
11.
“特殊疑 问词
+
动词不定式”构成不定式短语，可做主语、宾语、
表语等。






When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Do you know how to play bridge?





The question is how to learn English well.
12.
辨析：

⑴
another
“
（不定数目中的）另一个，再一个”




My cell phone is old. My father buys another cell phone for me.
⑵
other

adj.
“别的”
，
泛指其余的人或物，
后接可数名词的单复
数。如：
ot her people.
⑶
the other

（两个中的）一个
……
另一个
……
.
，

常见形式：
one
…
the other
…

如：





Mr. Lu has two sons. One is teacher, the other is a nurse.
⑷
others

n.
泛指其余的人或物，其后不接可数名词单复 数。与
some
对比使用时，意为“有些”
。如：





Some work hard, others
don’t
.




⑸
the others

“
其余所有的”
，表示在某一范围内的其他全部。








There are 30 students in our class, 20 passed the exam, and the
others all failed.