男团2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案含2018三套试题及答案

2021年1月24日发(作者：交朋友英语)
2019
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题及答案第
1
套

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to
write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer
activity organized by your Student Union to assist, elderly
people
in
the
neighborhood.
You
should
write
at
least
120
words
but no more than 180 words.
【答案】略

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news
reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or
three questions. Both the news report and the questions will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices
marked
A),
B),
C)
and
D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Questions
1
and
2
are
based
on
the
news
report
you
have
just
heard.
1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.
【答案】
A
2. A) He doubled the reward.
B) He cheered him on all the way.
C) He set him an example.
D) He had the event covered on TV.
【答案】
A
Questions
3
and
4
are
based
on
the
news
report
you
have
just
heard.
3. A) To end the one-child policy.
B) To encourage late marriage.
C) To increase working efficiency.
D) To give people more time to travel.
【答案】
B
4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.
B) They will help to popularize early marriage.
C) They will boost China
’
s economic growth.
D) They will not come into immediate effect.
【答案】
D
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
【答案】
C
6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.
B) It leaves the house in a mess.
C) It makes party goers exhausted.
D) It creates noise and misconduct.
【答案】
B
7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.
B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.
C) Settle a legal dispute.
D) Expand their business.
【答案】
D
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear
four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a
single line through the center.
Questions
8
to
11
are
based
on
the
conversation
you
have
just
heard.
8. A) He had a driving lesson.
B) He got his driver
’
s license.
C) He took the driver
’
s theory exam.
D) He passed the driver
’
s road test.
【答案】
C
9. A) He was not well prepared.
B) He did not get to the exam in time.
C) He was not used to the test format.
D) He did not follow the test procedure.
【答案】
A
10. A) They are tough.
B) They are costly.
C) They are helpful.
D) They are too short.
【答案】
B
11. A) Pass his road test the first time.
B) Test-drive a few times on highways.
C) Find an experienced driving instructor.
D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
【答案】
A
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have
just heard.
12. A) Where the woman studies.
B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.
C) Leed
’
s tuition for international students.
D) How to apply for studies at a university.
【答案】
C
13. A) Apply to an American university.
B) Do research on higher education.
C) Perform in a famous musical.
D) Pursue postgraduate studies.
【答案】
D
14. A) His favorable recommendations.
B) His outstanding musical talent.
C) His academic excellence.
D) His unique experience.
【答案】
B
15. A) Do a master
’
s degree.
B) Settle down in England.
C) Travel widely.
D) Teach overseas.
【答案】
D
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages.
At
the
end
of
each
passage,
you
will
hear
three
or
four
questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After
you,
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer
from
the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line
through the center.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.
B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
【答案】
C
17. A) They are larger than many other species.
B) They can cause damage to people
’
s homes.
C) They can survive a long time without water.
D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.
【答案】
B
18. A) Deny them access to any food.
B) Keep doors and windows shut.
C) Destroy their colonies close by.
D) Refrain from eating sugary food.
【答案】
A
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just
heard
19. A) The function of the human immune system.
B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D)
The
change
in
people
’
s
immune
system
as
they
get
older.
【答案】
D
20. A) Report their illnesses.
B) Offer blood samples.
C) Act as research assistants.
D) Help to interview patients.
【答案】
B
21. A) Strengthening people
’
s immunity to infection.
B) Better understanding patients
’
immune system.
C) Helping improve old people
’
s health conditions.
D) Further reducing old patients
’
medical expenses.
【答案】
C
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just
heard
22.
A)
His
students
had
trouble
getting
on
with
each
other.
B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.
【答案】
D
23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.
B) Join the school
’
s chess team.
C) Participate in a national chess competition.
D) Receive training for a chess competition.
【答案】
C
24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.
B) Many have become national chess champions.
C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.
【答案】
A
25. A) Actions speak louder than words.
B) Think twice before taking action.
C) Translate their words into action.
D) Take action before it gets too late.
【答案】
B
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten
blanks.
You
are
required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
Read
the
passage
through
carefully
before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the bank
is
identified
by a
letter. Please mark
the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
The
center
of
American
automobile
innovation
has
in
the
past
decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to
Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into
life.
In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan
lawmakers
have
introduced
__28__that
could
make
their
state
the
best place in the country, if not the world, to develop
self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.
“
Michigan
’
s __29__ in auto research and development is
under
attack
from
several
states
and
countries
which
desire
to
__30__ our leadership in transportation. We can
’
t let that
happen,
”
says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four
bills recently introduced.
If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a
substantial update of Michigan
’
s 2013 law that allowed the
testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.
Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their
self-driving
technology
on
public
roads.
They
would
be
allowed
to
send
groups
of
self-driving
cars
on
cross-state
road
trips,
and even set up on-demand __33__ of self- driving cars, like
the one General Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready
for the
commercial application
of
self-driving
technology.
In
__34__,
California,
home
of
Silicon Valley, recently
proposed
far more
__35__ rules that would require human drivers be ready to
take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self driving
technology.
A) bid I) replace
B) contrast J) represent
C) deputy K) restrictive
D) dominance L) reward
E) fleets M) significant
F) knots N) sponsor
G) legislation O) transmitted
H) migrated
【答案】
26. H 27. A 28. G 29. D 30. I 31. N 32. J 33. E 34.
B 35. K
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
information, given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100
[A]
Today
in
the
United
States
there
are
72,000
centenarians
（百岁老人）
. Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends
continue,
then
by
2050
there
will
be
more
than
a
million
in
the
US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and
his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have
a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for
the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50%
of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
[B]
Understandably,
there
are
concerns
about
what
this
means
for public finances given the associated health and pension
challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently
needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the
wider
picture of what happens
when so
many
people live for 100
years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity
（长寿）
with
issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of
life, not just the end of it.
[C] Our view is that if many people are living for longer,
and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an
inevitable
redesign
of
work
and
life.
When
people
live
longer,
they
are
not
only
older
for
longer,
but
also
younger
for
longer.
There
is
some truth
in the
saying
that
“
70
is the
new 60
”
or
“
40 the new 30.
”
If you age more slowly over a longer time
period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.
[D]
But
the
changes
go
further
than
that.
Take,
for
instance,
the
age
at
which
people
make
commitments
such
as
buying
a
house,
getting married, having children, or starting a career. These
are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later
in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By
2014, that milestone
（里程碑）
had shifted to age 29.
[E] While there are numerous factors behind these shifts,
one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that
they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the
longer
they
can
be
held.
So
if
you
believe
you
will
live
longer,
then
options
become
more
valuable,
and
early
commitment
becomes
less attractive. The result is that the commitments that
previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now
being
delayed,
and new patterns of
behavior
and
a new
stage
of
life are emerging for those in their twenties.
[F] Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and
not
only
for
financial
reasons.
Yes,
unless
people
are
prepared
to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are
now
in
your
mid-40s,
then
you
are
likely
to
work
until
your
early
70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance
you
will
need
to
work
until
your
late
70s
or
possibly
even
into
your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support
a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity
is
harmful
to
cognitive
（认知的）
and
emotional
vitality.
Many
people may simply not want to do it.
[G] And yet that does not mean that simply extending our
careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of
full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a
100-year
life,
but
such
persistent
work
will
inevitably
exhaust
precious
intangible
assets
such
as
productive
skills,
vitality,
happiness, and friendship.
[H] The same is true for education. It is impossible that
a
single
shot
of
education,
administered
in
childhood
and
early
adulthood,
will
be
able
to
support
a
sustained,
60-year
career.
If you factor in the projected rates of technological change,
either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry
outdated.
That
means
that
everyone
will,
at
some
point
in
their
life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their
skills.
[I]
It
seems
likely,
then,
that
the
traditional
three-stage
life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three,
or even more different careers. Each of these stages could
potentially
be
different.
In
one
the
focus
could
be
on
building
financial success and personal achievement, in another on
creating
a
better
work/life
balance,
still
another
on
exploring
and understanding options more fully, or becoming an
independent producer, yet another on making a social
contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to
different
cities,
and
provide
a
foundation
for
building
a
wide
variety of skills.
[J] Transitions between stages could be marked with
sabbaticals
（
休假）
as
people
find
time
to
rest
and
recharge
their
health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their
skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be
self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing
roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.
[K] A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just
in
how
you
manage
your
career,
but
also
in
your
approach
to
life.
An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal
with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few
transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why
being
self-aware,
investing
in
broader
networks
of
friends,
and
being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
[L] These multi- stage lives will create extraordinary
variety
across
groups
of
people
simply
because
there
are
so
many
ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible
sequences.
[M] With this variety will come the end of the close
association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people
leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend
to
start
their
careers
and
family
at
the
same
age,
they
proceed
through middle management all roughly the same time, and then
move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a
multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or
60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent
producer at any age.
[N] Current life structures, career paths, educational
choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging
reality
of
longer
lifespans.
The
three-stage
life
of
full-time
education, followed by continuous work, and then complete
retirement
may
have
worked
for
our
parents
or
even
grandparents,
but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on
longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full
implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older
for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and
being younger longer.
36.
An
extended
lifespan
in
the
future
will
allow
people
to
have more careers than now.
【答案】
I
37.
Just
extending
one
’
s
career
may
have
both
positive
and
negative effects.
【答案】
G
38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their
marriage by some eight years.
【答案】
D
39.
Because
of
their
longer
lifespan,
young
people
today
no
longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or
grandparents.
【答案】
N
40. More people will be expected to live over 100 by the
mid-21st century.
【答案】
A
41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people
’
s
approach to life.
【答案】
K
42.
Fast
technological
change
makes
it
necessary
for
one
to
constantly upgrade their skills.
【答案】
H
43.
Many
people
may
not
want
to
retire
early
because
it
would
do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.
【答案】
F
44. The close link between
age
and
stage
may
cease
to
exist
in a multi- stage life.
【答案】
M
45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to
rearrange their work and life.
【答案】
C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In
the
classic
marriage
vow
（誓约）
,
couples
promise
to
stay
together
in
sickness
and
in
health.
But a
new
study
finds that
the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife
—
not the husband
—
becomes seriously ill.
“
Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition
may
find
themselves
struggling
with
the
impact
of
their
disease
while also experiencing the stress of divorce,
”
said
researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of
data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana
University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at
least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The
researchers
examined
how
the
onset
（发生）
of
four
serious
physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that,
overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period
studied. The incidence of new chronic
（慢性的）
illness onset
increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives
developing serious health problems.
“
We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital
break-up in the face of illness,
”
Karraker said.
“
They
’
re
more
likely
to
be
widowed,
and
if
they
’
re the ones
who
become
ill, they
’
re more likely to get divorced.
”

While the study didn
’
t assess why divorce is more likely
when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker
offers a few possible reasons.
“
Gender norms and social
expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for
men to provide care to sick spouses,
”
Karraker said.
“
And
because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in
older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective
partners than divorced women.
”

Given
the
increasing
concern
about
health
care
costs
for
the
aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be
aware
of
the
relationship
between
disease
and
risk
of
divorce.
“
Offering support services to spouses caring for their
other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at
older
ages,
she
said.
“
But
it
’
s
also
important
to
recognize
that
the
pressure
to
divorce
may
be
health-related
and
that
sick
ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent
worsening health and increased health costs.
”

46.
What
can
we
learn
about
marriage
vows
from
the
passage?
A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B) They are as binding as they used to be.
C) They are not taken seriously any more.
D) They may help couples tide over hard times.
【答案】
A
47.
What
did
Karraker
and
co- author
Kenzie
Latham
find
about
elderly husbands?
A)
They
are
generally
not
good
at
taking
care
of
themselves.
B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious
illnesses.
C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like
their wives.
D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than
their wives.
【答案】
D
48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
A) They are more likely to be widowed.
B) They are more likely to get divorced.
C) They are less likely to receive good care.
D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.
【答案】
B
49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their
sick spouses according to Karraker?
A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B)
They
find
it
more
important
to
make
money
for
the
family.
C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social
obligations.
D) They expect society to do more of the job.
【答案】
A
50. What does Karraker think is also important?
A) Reducing marital stress on wives.
B) Stabilizing old couples
’
relations.
C) Providing extra care for divorced women.
D) Making men pay for their wives
’
health costs.
【答案】
C
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If
you
were
like
most
children,
you
probably
got
upset
when
your
mother
called
you
by
a
sibling
’
s
（兄弟姐妹的）
name.
How
could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?
Probably
not.
According
to
the
first
research
to
tackle
this
topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life
is a common cognitive
（认知的）
error that has to do with how
our memories classify and store familiar names.
The study, published online in April in the journal Memory
and
Cognition,
found
that
the
“
wrong
”
name
is
not
random
but
is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond:
children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the
possibility
of
deep
psychological
significance
to
the
mistake,
says
psychologist
David
Rubin,
“
but
it
does
tell
us
who
’
s
in
and who
’
s out of the group.
”

The study also found that within that group, misnamings
occurred where the names shared initial
or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob.
Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was
gender.
The
researchers
conducted
five
separate
surveys
of
more
than
1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college
students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some
asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them
—
family
or
friend
—
had
called
them
by
another
person
’
s
name.
The
other
surveys
asked
subjects
had
themselves
called
someone
close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that
people mixed up names within relationship groups such as
grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed
these boundaries.
In
general,
the
study
found
that
undergraduates
were
almost
as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely
as
women.
Older
people
and
women
made
the
mistake
slightly
more
often, but that may be because grandparents have more
grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also,
mothers may call on their children more often than fathers,
given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that
errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired
or angry.
51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?
A) Unwanted.
B) Unhappy.
C) Confused.
D) Indifferent.
【答案】
B
52. What did David Rubin
’
s research find about misnaming?
A) It is related to the way our memories work.
B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.
C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.
D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.
【答案】
A
53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?
A) Similar personality traits.
B) Similar spellings of names.
C) Similar physical appearance.
D) Similar pronunciation of names.
【答案】
D
54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find
about misnaming?
A) It more often than not hurts relationships.
B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.
C) It is most frequently found in extended families.
D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.
【答案】
D
55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than
fathers?
A) They suffer more frustrations.
B) They become worn out more often.
C) They communicate more with their children.
D) They generally take on more work at home.
【答案】
C
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to
translate
a
passage
from
Chinese
into
English.
You
should
write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来
庆祝安定的 生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼
通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。 在中国传统文化中，
红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，
通常在春节、
元宵节和国庆等节 日
期间悬

挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。

【答案】
Chinese lanterns, originating in the Eastern Han
Dynasty, were primarily used for lighting in early times. In
the Tang Dynasty, red lanterns were used to celebrate the
peaceful life. From then on, lanterns have gained popularity
in
many
places
of
China.
Lanterns
are
usually
made
of
colorful
thin
paper,
and
vary
in
shape
and
size.
In
traditional
Chinese
culture, red lanterns symbolize booming life and prosperous
business, so they are often hung on festivals such as Spring
Festival, Lantern Festival, and National Day. Today, red
lanterns can also be seen in many other parts of the world.
2019
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题及答案 第
2
套





Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report
to
your
campus
newspaper
on
a
visit
to
a
local
farm
organized
by
your
Student
Union.
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【答案】略

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of
each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Heavy floods.
B) Safety concerns.
C) Bad economy.
D) Workers' strikes.
【答案】
B
2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.
B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.
C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.
D) It plays an important role in the nation
’
s economy.
【答案】
D
Question 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.
B) To establish a new research station.
C) To rescue two sick American workers.
D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.
【答案】
C
4. A) The darkness and cold.
B) The heavy snow and fog.
C) The biting winds.
D) The ice all around.
【答案】
A
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) By tying it to a door handle.
B) By shaking it back and forth.
C) With a remote control craft.
D) With a full-sized helicopter.
【答案】
D
6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.
B) He has rich experience in flying.
C) He often suffers from toothaches.
D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.
【答案】
B
7. A) Spend more time together.
B) Tell them adventure stories.
C) Do something fun and creative.
D) Play with them in a safe place.
【答案】
C
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end
of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices
marked
A),
B),
C),
D).
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.
B) To collect a package from the woman.
C) To ask the woman to sign a document.
D) To arrange the delivery of a package.
【答案】
D
9. A) She is doing shopping.
B) She is visiting a friend.
C) She is not at home.
D) She is not feeling well.
【答案】
C
10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.
B) He will be working somewhere else.
C) He will have to have his car repaired.
D) He will be too busy to spare any time.
【答案】
B
11. A) Sign her name.
B) Confirm online.
C) Pay a small fee.
D) Show up in person.
【答案】
A
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Vacation in Italy.
B) Study abroad.
C) Throw a farewell party.
D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.
【答案】
B
13. A) Quite sleepy.
B) Very excited.
C) Rather depressed.
D) Nearly exhausted.
【答案】
C
14. A) He has to attend a party.
B) He has to meet a friend.
C) He has to make a presentation.
D) He has to finish an assignment.
【答案】
D
15. A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.
B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.
C) Drive the woman to the airport.
D) Have lunch with the woman.
【答案】
A
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear three or
four
questions.
Both the passage
and the questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you,
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It has kept growing over the centuries.
B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.
C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.
D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.
【答案】
C
17. A) They are now a tourist destination.
B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.
C) They provide shelter for the farmers.
D) They make good fields for farming.
【答案】
D
18. A) They nest on the volcano
’
s slopes.
B) They feed on certain small mammals.
C) They compete with each other for food.
D) They match large mammals in strength.
【答案】
B
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) He is self- employed.
B) He is a career advisor.
C) He studies talent.
D) He owns a magazine.
【答案】
A
20. A) Doing what they like best.
B) Loving the work they do.
C) Making no excuses for failures.
D) Following their natural instinct.
【答案】
B
21. A) It does not come to anything without hard work.
B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.
C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.
D) It does not come to you until something special happens.
【答案】
A
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It is a bit difficult to learn.
B) It was popular in New Zealand.
C) It is a traditional type of ballet.
D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.
【答案】
D
23. A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.
B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.
C) She hated to see her idling about.
D) She was too busy to look after her.
【答案】
C
24. A) After she started teaching English.
B) Before she left for New Zealand.
C) When she moved to New York City.
D) Once she began to live on her own.
【答案】
A
25. A) It has renewed her passion for life.
B) It has made her happy and energetic.
C) It has helped her make new friends.
D) It has enabled her to start a new career.
【答案】
B
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
there
is
a
passage
with
ten
blanks.
You
are
required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice
in the bank is identified by
a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Just
because
they
can
’
t
sing
opera
or
ride
a
bicycle
doesn
’
t
mean
that
animals
don
’
t
have
culture.
There
’
s no better example
of this
than
killer whales. As one
of
the
most
__26__
predators
（食肉动物）
,
killer
whales
may
not
fit
the
__27__
of
a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of
highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.
The
word
“
culture
”
comes
from
the
Latin
“
colere,
”
which
__29__
means
“
to
cultivate.
”
In
other
words,
it
refers
to
anything
that
is
__30__
or
learnt,
rather
than
instinctive
or
natural.
Among
human
populations,
culture
not
only
affects
the
way
we
live,
but
also
writes
itself
into
our
genes,
affecting
who
we
are.
For
instance,
having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the
Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest
and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold
climate.
Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across
the
globe,
occupying
every
ocean
basin
on
the
planet
with
an
empire
that
__34__
from
pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn
different hunting techniques in order to
gain
the upper hand over their local prey
（猎物）
. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to
__35__ that the ability to learn population- specific hunting methods could be
driving the animals5 genetic development.
A) acquired I) image
B) adaptations J) literally
C) brutal K) refined
D) deliberately L) revolves
E) expressed M) speculate
F) extends N) structure
G) habitats O) thrive
H) humble
【答案】
26. C 27. I 28. K 29. J 30. A 31. B 32. O 33.G 34. F 35. M
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information,
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
Living
with
parents
edges
out
other
living
arrangements
for
18-to
34-year-olds
[A]
Broad
demographic
（人口的）
shifts
in
marital
status,
educational
attainment
and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and
a
new
Pew
Research
Center
analysis
highlights
the
implications
of
these
changes
for
the
most
basic
element
of
their
lives
—
where
they
call
home.
In
2014,
for
the
first
time in more than 130 years, adults aged 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be
living
in
their
parents
’
home
than
they
were
to
be
living
with
a
spouse
or
partner
in their own household.
[B] This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share
of
young
Americans
who
are
choosing
to
settle
down
romantically
before
age
35.
Dating
back
to
1880,
the
most
common
living
arrangement
among
young
adults
has
been
living
with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of
arrangement peaked around I960, when 62% of the nation
’
s 18-to 34-year-olds were
living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were
living with their parents.
[C]
By
2014,
31.6%
of
young
adults
were
living
with
a
spouse
or
partner
in
their
own household, below
the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some
14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more
roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as
a
grandparent,
in-law
or
sibling
（兄弟姐妹）
,
a
non-
relative,
or
in
group
quarters
like college dormitories.
[D]
It
’
s
worth
noting
that
the
overall
share
of
young
adults
living
with
their
parents
was
not
at
a
record
high
in
2014.
This
arrangement
peaked
around
1940,
when
about 35% of
the nation
’
s 18-
to 34-year-olds
lived with mom and/or
dad (compared
with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting
different
ways
of
living
in
early
adulthood,
with
the
decline
of
romantic
coupling
pushing
living
at
home
to
the
top
of
a
much
less
uniform
list
of
living
arrangements.
[E]
Among
young
adults,
living
arrangements
differ
significantly
by
gender.
For
men aged 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living
arrangement
since
2009.
In
2014,
28%
of
young
men
were
living
with
a
spouse
or
partner
in
their
own
home,
while
35%
were
living
in
the
home
of
their
parent(s).
Young
women,
however,
are
still
more
likely
to
be
living
with
a
spouse
or
romantic
partner
(35%)
than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).
[F] In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a
household
without
a
spouse
or
partner.
This
is
mainly
because
women
are
more
likely
than
men
to
be
single
parents
living
with
their
children.
For
their
part,
young
men
(25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another
family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.
[G] A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of
young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not
retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for
decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage
altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as
one-in-four of today
’
s young adults may never marry. While cohabitation
（同居）
has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living
with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.
[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely
contributed
to
the
growing
share
of
young
adults
who
are
living
in
the
home
of
their
parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much
less
likely
to
live
at
home
than
young
men
without
a
job,
and
employment
among
young
men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs
peaked
around
1960
at
84%.
In
2014,
only
71%
of
18-to
34-year-old
men
were
employed.
Similarly with earnings, young men
’
s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have
been on a downward trajectory
（轨迹）
since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000
to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their
parent(s) has risen.
[I] Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are
increasingly
likely
to
live
at
home.
Generally,
young
women
have
had
growing
success
in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be
able
to
afford
to
live
independently
of
their
parents.
For
women,
delayed
marriage
—
which is related, in part, to
labor market outcomes for men
—
may explain more
of
the increase in their living in the family home.
[J]
The
Great
Recession
(and
modest
recovery)
has
also
been
associated
with
an
increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession,
college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home.
And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part
of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.
[K] Beyond gender, young adults
’
living arrangements differ considerably by
education
—
which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor
’
s
degree,
as
of
2008
living
at
home
with
their
parents
was
more
prevalent
than
living
with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year- olds who had not completed
a bachelor
’
s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with
a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living
with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with
a
college
degree
have
fared
much
better
in
the
labor
market
than
their
less- educated
counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.
36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the
employed.
【答案】
H
37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was
greater than that of their female counterparts.
【答案】
E
38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has
greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.
【答案】
G
39. Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived
in their parents
’
home.
【答案】
B
40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently
of their parents.
【答案】
K
41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.
【答案】
F
42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed
marriage.
【答案】
I
43
The
percentage
of
young
men
who
live
with
their
parents
has
grown
due
to
their
decreased pay in recent decades.
【答案】
H
44.
The
rise
in
the
number
of
college
students
made
more
young
adults
live
with
their parents.
【答案】
J
45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get
married late or stay single all their lives.
【答案】
G
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
According
to
the
majority
of
Americans,
women
are
every
bit
as
capable
of
being
good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate
the
corporate
boardroom.
And
according
to
a
new
Pew
Research
Center
survey
on
women
and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key
leadership
traits
such
as
intelligence
and
capacity
for
innovation,
with
many
saying
they
’
re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business
in the United States? According to the public, at least, it
’
s not that they lack
toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It
’
s also not all about work- life balance. Although economic research and
previous
survey
findings
have
shown
that
career
interruptions
related
to
motherhood
may
make
it
harder
for
women
to
advance
in
their
careers
and
compete
for
top
executive
jobs,
relatively
few
adults
in
the
recent
survey
point
to
this
as
a
key
barrier
for
women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women
’
s family
responsibilities
are
a
major
reason
why
there
aren
’
t
more
females
in
top
leadership
positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a
double
standard
for
women
seeking
to
climb
to
the
highest
levels
of
either
politics
or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove
themselves.
Similar
shares
say
the
electorate
（选民）
and
corporate
America
are
just
not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate
America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major
advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top
executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it
’
s only a matter of time
before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less
doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their
lifetime.
46.
What
do
most
Americans
think
of
women
leaders
according
to
a
new
Pew
Research
Center survey?
A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
【答案】
D
47.
What
do
we
learn
from
previous
survey
findings
about
women
seeking
leadership
roles?
A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
【答案】
C
48.
What
is
the
primary
factor
keeping
women
from
taking
top
leadership
positions
according to the recent survey?
A) Personality traits.
B) Family responsibilities.
C) Gender bias.
D) Lack of vacancies.
【答案】
C
49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?
A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D)
People
have
opposing
opinions
as
to
whether
it
will
have
more
women
leaders.
【答案】
D
50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America
’
s political stage?
A) A woman in the highest position of government.
B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C) A majority of women voting for a female president.
D) As many women in top government positions as men.
【答案】
A
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
People
have
grown
taller
over
the
last
century,
with
South
Korean
women
shooting
up
by
more
than
20cm
on
average,
and
Iranian
men
gaining
16.5cm.
A
global
study
looked
at the average height of 18-year- olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in
1914,
Dutch
men
have
risen
from
12th
place
to
claim
top
spot
with
an
average
height
of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the
tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James
Bentham,
a
co- author
of
the
research
from
Imperial
College,
London,
says
the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and
healthcare.
“
An individual
’
s genetics has a big influence on their height, but
once
you
average
over
whole
populations,
genetics
plays
a
less
key
role,
”
he
added.
A
little
extra
height
brings
a
number
of
advantages,
says
Elio
Riboli
of
Imperial
College.
“
Being
taller
is
associated
with
longer
life
expectancy,
”
he
said.
“
This
is
largely
due
to
a
lower
risk
of
dying
of
cardiovascular
（心血管的）
disease
among
taller people.
”

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries
of
north
and
sub-Saharan
Africa
causes
concern,
says
Riboli.
While
height
increased
in
Uganda
and
Niger
during
the
early
20th
century,
the
trend
has
reversed
in
recent
years, with height decreasing among 18-year- olds.
“
One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the
1980s,
”
said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and
health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to
many
children
and
teenagers
failing
to
reach
their
full
potential
in
terms
of
height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important
implications.
“
How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we
grew up in,
”
he said.
“
If we give children the best possible start in life now,
they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.
”

51.
What
does
the
global
study
tell
us
about
people
’
s
height
in
the
last
hundred
years?
A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.
B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.
C) The increase in people
’
s height has been quickening.
D) The increase in women
’
s height is bigger than in men
’
s.
【答案】
B
52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people
’
s
height?
A) It counts less than generally thought.
B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.
C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.
D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.
【答案】
C
53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?
A) They tend to live longer.
B) They enjoy an easier life.
C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.
D) They have greater expectations in life.
【答案】
A
54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?
A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.
B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.
C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.
D) They have experienced many changes of government.
【答案】
B
55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?
A) Watch closely the global trend in children
’
s development.
B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.
C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.
D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.
【答案】
D
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有< br>2000
多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮
子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞 动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子
是兽中

之王，象征幸福和 好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞
也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业 和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。

【答案】
Lion dance is a traditional folk performance in China with a history
of over 2,000 years. In the dance, two performers share one lion costume with one
waving
the
lion
’
s
head
and
the
other
waving
the
lion
’
s
body
and
tail.
They
cooperate
skillfully to imitate a lion
’
s various movements. As the lion, king of beasts,
symbolizes
happiness
and
good
luck,
the
lion
dance
is
usually
performed
during
the
Spring Festival and other festivals. It may also be performed at other important
occasions
such
as
business
opening
events
and
wedding
ceremonies,
often
attracting
a large audience.

2019
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题及答案第
3
套





Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report
to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your
Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【答案】略

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

特别提示：
四级考试每次仅考两套听力，第三套听力试题与第一套或第二套试题一致。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
there
is
a
passage
with
ten
blanks.
You
are
required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice
in the bank is identified by
a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Ships
are
often
sunk
in
order
to
create
underwater
reefs
（暗礁）
perfect
for
scuba
diving
（水肺式潜泳）
and
preserving
marine
__26__.
Turkish
authorities
have
just
sunk
something
a
little
different
than
a
ship,
and
it
wouldn
’
t
normally
ever
touch
water,
an
Airbus
A300.
The
hollowed-out
A300
was
__27__
of
everything
potentially
harmful
to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken
plane
__28__
the
perfect
skeleton
for
artificial
reef
growth,
but
authorities
hope
this new underwater attraction will bring tourists to the area.
The plane __29__ a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers
will __30__ be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane
’
s __31__.
Aydin
Municipality
bought
the
plane
from
a
private
company
for
just
under
US
$$100,000,
but they hope to see a return on that __32__ through the tourism industry. Tourism
throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the __33__
of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300
is the largest __34__ sunk aircraft ever.
Taking a trip underwater and __35__ the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite
an
adventure,
and
that
is
exactly
what
Turkish
authorities
are
hoping
this
attraction
will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this
new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver
’
s paradise
（天堂）
.
A) create I) intentionally
B) depressed J) investment
C) eventually K) revealing
D) experiences L) stretches
E) exploring M) stripped
F) exterior N) territory
G) habitats O) victim
H) innovate
【答案】
26 G, 27 M, 28 A, 29 L, 30 C, 31 F, 32 J, 33 O, 34 I, 35 E
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information,
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While You
’
re At It
[A]
We
’
ve
always
been
a
hands-on,
do-it-yourself
kind
of
nation.
Ben
Franklin,
one of America
’
s founding fathers, didn
’
t just invent the lightning rod. His
creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.
[B]
Franklin,
who
was
largely
self-taught,
may
have
been
a
genius,
but
he
wasn
’
t really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.
[C] The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation
of
Silicon
Valley
grew,
in
part,
out
of
the
creations
of
the
Homebrew
Computer
Club,
which was founded in a
garage in Menlo Park, California, in
the mid-1970s. Members
—
including
guys
named
Jobs
and
Wozniak
—
started
making
and
inventing
things
they
couldn
’
t buy.
[D]
So
it
’
s
no
surprise
that
the
Maker
Movement
today
is
thriving
in
communities
and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren
’
t tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker
philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient
Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.
[E] These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an
important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by
doing,
which is Dewey
’
s phrase
from
100 years
ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and
Montessori
and a
lot of
the practices that they
pioneered that have been forgotten
or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it
doesn't
look
like
a
classroom.
It
can
be
in
a
library.
It
can
be
out
in
the
community.
It
has
tools
and
materials.
It
’
s
a
place
where
you
get
to
make
things
based
on
your
interest and on what you
’
re learning to do.
[F] Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream
educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and
Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience
and self- reliance. It
’
s not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in
a sense, by trial
and error. Learning from experience is something that
takes time
and patience. It
’
s very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized
approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in
the same way, then learning by doing doesn
’
t really fit that mold anymore. It's
not the world of textbooks. It
’
s not the world of testing.
[G]
Learning
by
doing
may
not
be
efficient,
but
it
is
effective.
Project- based
learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However,
project- based
learning
is
not
making.
Although
there
is
a
connection,
there
is
also
a
distinction.
The
difference
lies
in
whether
the
project
is
in
a
sense
defined
and
developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We
’
ll all get the
kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, and Z. That tends
to be one form of project-based learning.
[H]
I
really
believe
the
core
idea
of
making
is
to
have
an
idea
within
your
head
—
or you just borrow it from someone
—
and begin to develop it, repeat it and
improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable
to you and you can share it with others. I
’
m interested in how these things are
expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.
[I] In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize
（使变得无足
轻重）
making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done
demonstrating
whatever
concept
was
in
the
textbook,
you
throw
away
the
pipe
cleaners,
the straws, the cardboard tubes.
[J] Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring.
It
doesn
’
t
have
the
motivation
of
the
student.
I
’
m
not
saying
that
students
should
not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their
motivation is to build upon their interest. It
’
s to let them be in control and to
drive the car.
[K]
Teachers
should
aim
to
build
a
supportive,
creative
environment
for
students
to
do
this
work.
A
very
social
environment,
where
they
are
learning
from
each
other.
When they have a problem, it isn
’
t the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it.
They
are
responsible
for
working
through
that
problem.
It
might
be
they
have
to
talk
to other students in the class to help get an answer.
[L] The teacher
’
s role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people,
it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it
’
s a heightened
role.
You
’
re
creating
this
environment,
like
a
maker
space.
You
have
20
kids
doing
different things. You are watching them and really it
’
s the human behaviors you
’
re looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project?
Are they stumbling
（受挫）
? Do they need something that they don
’
t have? Can you
help them be aware of where they are?
[M]
My
belief
is
that
the
goal
of
making
is
not
to
get
every
kid
to
be
hands-on,
but it enables us to be good learners. It
’
s not the knowledge that is valuable;
it
’
s
the
practice
of
learning
new
things
and
understanding
how
things
work.
These
are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle
more interesting problems, more challenging problems
—
problems that require many
people instead of one person, and many skills instead of one.
[N] If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a
curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library
in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What
seems
to
be
missing
in
school
is
how
these
subjects
integrate,
how
they
fit
together
in
any

way.
Rather
than
saying,
“
This
is
science,
over
here
is
history,
”

I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support
children in higher level learning?
[O] I fed like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to
a more experiential curriculum or learning. It
’
s still in its early stages, but
I think it
’
s shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.
36. A maker space is where people make things according to their personal
interests.
【答案】
E
37. The teachers
’
role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor
and facilitate during the process.
【答案】
L
38. Coming up with an idea of one
’
s own or improving one from others is key
to the concept of making.
【答案】
H
39.
Contrary
to
structured
learning,
learning
by
doing
is
highly
individualized.
【答案】
F
40. America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.
【答案】
A
41. Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.
【答案】
J
42. Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by
students themselves.
【答案】
G
43. The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school
curriculum.
【答案】
N
44. The maker concept is a modem version of some ancient philosophical ideas.
【答案】
D
45. Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make
something meaningless to them based on textbooks.
【答案】
I
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.