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maverick2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案

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2021-01-24 03:21
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2021年1月24日发(作者:哥尔)
2019

6
月大学
英语四级
真题解析及参考答案

Part I

Writing


(30 minutes)

Directions
:

For this part,
you are
allowed 30 minutes to write
a
news report to your
campus
newspaper
on a
volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to
assist
elderly people in
the neighborhood
. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.

【参考范文】

On
June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part
in
visiting
the
local
Nursing
House
was
organized
by
the
Student
Union
and
it
turns
out to be a big success.

The activity was
aimed at encouraging students to visit
the elderly at
the Nursing
House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and
psychological.
Many
students
volunteered
to
participate
in
this
good
deed
and
were
engaged
in
helping
the
elderly
here
out
by
making
their
meals,
washing
their
clothes
and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers


feelings about such
an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying

what a wonderful
practice
and
I
really
appreciate
this
experience,
for
it
makes
me
learn
to
care
more
for others in need.


All
in
all,
the
activity
turns
out
to
be
a
success
not
only
for
the
visited
elderly
but for those students involved.

【参考范文译文】

6

14
日,星期五,学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动,许多学生都积极参与
其中,该活动取得了 巨大的成功。

此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。
许多学生主
动加入到此次善举当中,
帮老人们洗衣做饭、
谈心解闷,
竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次
活动的感想时,
他们毫无例外地回道
“真是太有意义 了,
很感谢这次经历,
它让我懂得要去
更加关爱那些有困难的人”

总而言之,
此次活动取得了巨大成功,
不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多,
对于参与的学 生来
说也是意义良多。


Part III















Reading
Comprehension











(40
minutes)

Section A


The
center
of
American
automobile
innovation
has
in
the
past
decade
moved
2,000
miles
away.
It
has


26

from
Detroit
to
Silicon
Valley,
where
self-driving
vehicles
are coming into life.





In
a


27


to
take
production
back
to
Detroit,
Michigan
lawmakers
have
introduced


28

that could make their state the best place
in the
country, if
not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.




“Michigan’s


29

in auto research and development is under attack
from several states and countries which desire to

30


our leadership in
transportation. We can’t let happen
,
” says Senator Mike Kowall, the
lead


31

of four bills recently introduced.





If all four bills pass as written, they would


32


a substantial
update of Mi
chigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self
-driving vehicles
in
limited
conditions.

Manufacturer
would
have
nearly
total
freedom
to
test
their
self- driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of
self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand


33


of
self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.





Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the
commercial
application
of
self-driving
technology.
In


34

,

California,
home
of Silicon Valley,

recently proposed far more
35

rules that would require
human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving
technology.

A) bid
B)

contrast

C)

deputy D)

dominance

E) fleets

F) knots

G) legislation

I)

replace

J)
represent

k)
restrictive

L)
reward

M)
significant

N)

sponsor

O)
transmitted

【参考答案】
26-30 HAGDI31-35 NJEBK

Section B

How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100

A.

Today in the United States there are 72,000
centenarians
(百岁老
人)
.Worldwide, Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050
there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of
Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US
in 2007
have
a life
expectancy
of 104 or more. Broadly
the same holds for the
UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can
expect to live to 107.

B.

Understandably,
there
are
concerns
about
what
this
means
for
public
finances
given
the
associated
health
and
pension
challenges.
These
challenges
are
real,
and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look
at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years.
It is a mistake to simply equate
longevity
(
长寿
) with issues of old age.
Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.

C.

Our
view
is
that
if
many
people
are
living
for
longer,
and
are
healthier
for
longer,
then
this
will
result
in
an
inevitable
redesign
of
work
and
life.
When
people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for
longer.
There
is
some
truth
in
the
saying
that

70
is
the
new
60


or

40
the
new 30.


If you age more slowly over a longer
time period,
then you are
in some sense younger for longer.

D.

But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which
people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having
children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that
are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by
age 21. By 2014, that
milestone
(
里程碑
)had shifted to age 29.

E.

While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely
a
growing
realization
for
the
young
that
they
are
going
to
live
longer.
Options
are
more
valuable
the
longer
they
can
be
held.
So
if
you
believe
you
will
live
longer, then options become more valuable, and
early
commitment
becomes
less
attractive.
The
result
is
that
the
commitments
that
previously
characterized
the
beginning
of
adulthood
are
now
being
delayed,
and
new
patterns
of
behavior
and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

F.

Longevity
also
pushes
back
the
age
of
retirement,
and
not
only
for
financial
reasons.
Yes,
unless
people
are
prepared
to
save
a
lot
more,
our
calculations
suggest
that
if
you
are
now
in
your
mid-40s,
then
you
are
likely
to
work
until
your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you
will
need
to
work
until
your
late
70s
or
possibly
even
into
your
80s.
But
even
if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty
years of potential inactivity is harmful to
cognitive
(
认知的
) and emotional
vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.

G.

And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.
Just
lengthening
that
second
stage
of
full-time
work
may
secure
the
financial
assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably
exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality,
happiness, and friendship.

H.

The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of
education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to
support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of
technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your
industry
outdated.
That
means
that
everyone
will,
at
some
point
in
their
life,
have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.

A.

It
seems
likely,
then,
that
the
traditional
three-stage
life
will
evolve
into
multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each
of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on
building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating
a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding
options
more
fully,
or
becoming
an
independent
producer,
yet
another
on
making
a
social

Contribution.
These
stages
will
span
sectors,
take
people
to
different
cities, and provide

Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.

J) Transitions between stages could be marked with
sabbaticals
(
休假
) as people
find
tim

rest
and
recharge
their
health,
re-invest
in
their
relationships,
or
improve
their skills. At times,

these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at
others
they
will
be forced as existing roles,
firms, or
industries cease to exist.

K

A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your
career, but
also
in your approach to
life. An increasingly
important skill will be
your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few
transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware,
investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become
even more crucial skills.

L

These
multi-stage
lives
will
create
extraordinary
variety
across
groups
of
people
simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean
more possible sequences.

M

With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage.
I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age,
they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through
middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within
a few years of each other. In a multi- stage life, you could be an undergraduate at
20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at
any age.

N

Current
life
structures,
career
paths,
educational
choices,
and
social
norms
are
out of tune with the emerging reality of
longer
lifespans.
The three-stage life of
full-time
education,
followed
by
continuous
work,
and
then
complete
retirement
may
have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We
believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its
full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It
is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.

36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than
now.

37. Just extending one

s career may have both positive and negative effects.

38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight
years.

39.
Because
of
their
longer
lifespan,
young
people
today
no
longer
follow
the
pattern
of life of their parents or grandparents.

40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.





41.
A
longer
life
will
cause
radical
changes
in
people’s
approach
to
lif
e.

42.
Fast
technological
change
makes
it
necessary
for
one
to
constantly
upgrade
their
skills.

43.
Many
people
may
not
want
to
retire
early
because
it
would
do
harm
to
their
mental
and emotional well-being.

44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.

45.
People
living
a
longer
and
healthier
life
will
have
to
rearrange
their
work
and
life.


【参考答案】

36-40 IGDNA

41-45 KHFMC

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