沙包常用研磨机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

2021年1月24日发(作者：降)
附录
A
Commonly used grinding machine
Pierre
H
G.

Vertical-shaft
crusher[J].
2002.

Abstract:
As
a
kind
of
important
ultra- precision
processing
method
，
the
a
dvantage
of
grinding
is
high
machining
accuracy,
processing
materials
ran
ge,
almost
suitable
for
all
kinds
of
materials
processing,
grinding
can
get

very
high
precision
and
shape
accuracy,
even
can
reach
the
limit,
the
m
achining
accuracy
of
grinding
device
is
simple,
does
not
need
a
lot
of
th
e
complex
mechanical
and
not
demanding
equipment
precision
conditions.

Keywords
：
Grind
；
Machining
；
Mechanical
equipment
uction
As
a
super
finishing
one
method,
grinding
machine
is
mainly
used
f
or
the
high
precision
grinding
workpiece
plane,
the
surface
of
cylindrical

workpieces

both
inside
and
outside,
tapered
face
inside,
sphere,
thread
face
and
other
type
surface.
Its
main
types
have
dise-type
grinding
machi
ne,
shaft
type
grinding
machine,
magnetic
grinding
machine
and
all
kinds

of
special
grinding
machine.
Dise-type
grinding
machine
points
single
plate
and
double-tray
two
t
o
double-tray
grinding
machine
used
the
most
common.
In
double- tray
po
lishing
machine,
multiple
workpiece
and
into
the
mill
plate,
located
on
th
e
cage
between
inside,
maintain
frame
and
workpiece
drives
by
eccentric

or
planet
of
plane
parallel
movement.
The
mill
rotating,
the
parallel
wit
h
the
grinding
plate
can
not
turn,
or
with
grinding
plate
under
negative
s
pin,
and
can
move
to
pressure
workpiece
(pressure
adjustable).
In
additio
n,
with
the
grinding
plate
can
also
turning
round
pillar
rocker
to
Angle,
unloading
workpieces.
Double-tray
grinding
machine
is
mainly
used
for
p
rocessing
two
parallel
planes,
a
plane
(two
pressure
should
be
increased
t
o
the
workpiece
accessorie),
outside
YuanZhuMian
and
sphere
(with
belt
v-shaped
slot
grinding
plate),
etc.
YuanZhuMian,
because
the
processing
and
workpiece
to
both
sliding,
shall
be
reasonable
choose
to
keep
rolling

type
and
arrangement
plane
slots
Angle.
Only
a
single
plate
grinding
m
achine,
used
for
grinding
plate
under
the
grind
workpiece
under
plane,
ca
n
make
the
different
shapes
and
sizes
with
plate
processing,
grinding
wor
-1-
kpiece
higher
precision.
Some
grinding
machine
with
the
grinding
process

can
be
automatic
calibration
grinding
plate
institution.

mechanism
research
Shaft
type
grinding
machine
from
positive,
negative
spin
of
spindle
drive
work-piece
or
inquiry
with
adjustable
grinding
ring
or
abrasive
(gre
at)
rotation,
the
structure
is
simple,
used
for
grinding
inside
and
outside
cylindrical
planes.
Magnetic
grinding
machine
is
by
using
magnetic
force
transmission
t
o
stainless
steel
mill
for
high
frequency
workpiece
needle
to
rotary
motio
n;
But
for
precision
workpiece
in
the
hole
and
blind
Angle,
tiny
crack
ri
se
obvious
good
polishing
grinding
remove
burr
effect.
Special
grinding
machine
by
grinding
workpiece
in
accordance
with
t
he
different,
have
central
hole
grinding
machine,
steel
ball
grinding
mach
ine
and
gear
grinding
machine,
etc.
In
addition,
still
have
a
kind
of
adopting
similar
centerless
grinding
principle
unconditional
grinding
machine,
used
for
grinding
cylindrical
wo
rkpieces.
Grinding
is
by
abrasive
abrasive
effect
on
surface
of
workpiece,
to
t
race
processing.
Grinding
workpiece
surface
dimension
accuracy,
form
an
d
position
precision,
abrasive
tools,
such
as
life
and
milling
efficiency
de
pends
largely
on
whether
grinding

order
to
make
the
surfac
e
of
workpiece
grinding
uniform,
from
the
perspectives
of
kinematics
con
cludes
the
following
plane
grinding
best
kinematics
condition:
firstly,
wor
kpiece
with
relative
research
of
plane
movement,
should
guarantee
by
gri
nding
workpiece
surface
with
different
points
on
relative
research
are
the

same
or
similar
grinding
track;
secondly,
grinding
motion
is
provided
by

the
workpiece
and
the
relative
movement
between
developed
a
realizatio
n,
different
points
on
the
surface
of
workpiece
velocity
should
as
far
as
possible
the
grinding
the
same;
thirdly,
grinding
movement
direction
shou
ld
constantly
change,
grinding
grain
crisscross
changeful,
favors
the
surfa
ce
roughness
of
workpiece
machining,
but
should
avoid
reduced
by
grind
ing
workpiece
surface
with
different
points
on
the
relative
research
curvat
ure
grinding
track
changes
too
big,
fourthly,
grind
with
or
pads
working
surface
shape
accuracy
will
reflect
on
the
surface
of
workpiece,
so
the
tr
ajectories
of
workpiece
with
throughout
the
inquiry
should
be
distributed
homogeneously,
favors
the
surface
and
uniform
worn
with
research;
finall
y,
workpiece
with
relative
research
by
abrasive
removal
direction
a
sports

freedom,
so
that
can
avoid
for
grinding
machines
guidance
precision
an
-2-
d
cause
errors.
Grinding
basic
principle
is
to
use
embedded
in
coating
or
pressure
with
the
abrasive
particles
on
grind
workpiece
with
and,
through
research

in
the
relative
movement
under
certain
pressure
for
processing
surface
fi
nish
machining
process.
The
cylindrical
plane
grinding
process
is
to
use
free
grits
are
two
pl
ane
of
cylinder
scraping
and
extrusion
process
of
removing
materials
to
r
educe
cylindrical
height,
improve
planar
degree
and
reduce
the
surface
ro
ughness
purpose.
These
remove
effects
through
the
cylindrical
grinding
pl
ate
with
the
relative
movement
in
grits
role
down
to
ve
is

the
main
medium
grinding

grinding
process
according
to
abr
asive
change
can
be
divided
into
three
stages.
The
first
stage:
the
broken
free
abrasive
stage.
At
the
beginning
of
precision
lapping
,initial
larger
grits
cutting,
then
first
participate
in
a
bel
t
of
edges
and
abrasive
polyhedron,
cutting
ability.
The
role
of
the
press
ure,
the
grits
size
by
crushing
make
more
grits
are
competing
in
cutting,

then
on
one
hand
consumption
dimensions
and
cylinder
of
processes,
thi
s
phase
residual
surfaces
grinding
efficiency
is
higher,
size,
cylindrical
su
rface
roughness
consumed
fast.
But
this
stage
time
is
very
short.
Second
stage:
the
grits
particular
and
Mosaic
stage.
Due
to
the
effec
ts
of
stress
fluctuation
grinding
plate
and
cylinder
interaction
constantly
r
olling
mill
grain,
make
the
coarse
grinding
grain
gradually
broken
into
fi
ne
grits
and
size
to
converge,
then
the
highest
grinding
efficiency,
time
a
lso
the
longest.
With
the
continuously
detailed,
all
kinds
of
abrasive
is
al
so
relatively
stable
stage
elements,
at
this
stage
of
the
geometry
precision

ball
improved
and
basically
reaches
corresponding
requirements,
the
surf
ace
quality
gradually
enhance,
roughness
decline.
This
phase
is
gangqiu
s
tability
processing
phases.
The
third
stage:
grits
passivation
and
grinds
light
phase.
In
this
phas
e
abrasive
most
refined
for
o.
apms
m
the
following
three
fine
grits,
grit
s
by
the
shape
of
the
original
sharp
geometry
without
sharp
edges
into
t
he
sleek
sphere,
grinding
speed
greatly
reduced.
Passivation
of
grits
only

to
micro
powder
cylindrical
plane
more
trace
grinding,
polishing
quantit
y
Grinding
quantity

is
about
from
0.2
to
0.3
microns
per
hour
.This
sta
ge
cylindrical
surface
roughness
further
reduce
and
eventually
reach
the
s
tandard.
Generally
speaking,
there
are
four
main
grind
track:
(1)
linear
grindi
ng
trajectory.
This
method
is
applicable
to
the
steps
of
long
and
narrow
plane
workpiece
grinding
can
obtain
higher
geometry
precision,
but
not
e
-3-
asily
get
smaller
surface
roughness.
(2)
swing
linear
grinding
trajectory.
Can
achieve
good
straightness.
(3)
spiral
grinding
trajectory.
Mainly
used

for
discs
shape
or
cylindrical
workpieces
grinding,
flat
end
can
gain
a
h
igh
flatness
and
smaller
surface
roughness.
(4)

glyph
grinding
trajecto
ry.
Suitable
for
flat
class
overhauled
and
small
plane
workpiece
of
grindi
ng
workpiece,
can
make
mutual
grinding
plane
media
contact
and
has
ev
en
developed
evenly
wear.
In
the
production
practice,
grinding
is
a
kind
of
common
finishing
c
raft,
grinding
method
unceasing
progress
and
renewal,
to
adapt
to
the
dif
ferent
processing
requirements
of
various
literature
material
reports,
there
are
many
methods
of
grinding,
polishing,
abrasive
flow
injection
of
ultras
onic
machining,
electrochemical
polishing,
chemical
polishing,
magnetic
a
brasive
grinding,
liquid
abrasive
grinding
etc
exterior
smooth
the
whole
p
rocessing
technology.
The
most
commonly
used
and
application
most
is
a

mechanical
polishing,
its
characteristic
is
can
obtain
higher
dimension
pr
ecision,
shape
accuracy
and
low
surface
roughness,
but
requires
the
opera
tor
has
high
level
of
technology
and
experience,
machining
efficiency
lo
w,
labor
intensive,
processing
quality
not
easy
to
control,
the
surface
resi
dual
stress
is
big,
surface
residual
grits
can
also
affect
surface
quality.
Magnetic
abrasive
law
is
through
magnetic
polarity
will
magnetic
abr
asive
surface
processing,
suction
pressure
in
surface
processing
and
betwe
en
the
poles
for
millimeter
clearance,
can
be
in
magnetic
abrasive
machi
ning
gap
arrange
them
along
the
field,
forming
elastic
magnetic
brush
an
d
pressure
on
the
surface
of
workpiece
attached.
Rotating
magnetic
field
or
rotating
product,
make
magnetic
brush
and
relative
motion
processing,
thus
pure
polisher
a
surface.
The
characteristics
of
magnetic
grinding
is
t
hat
no
matter
how
the
surface
processing,
you
should
just
make
poles
sh
ape
and
processing
surface
shape
can
be
generally
anastomose,it
can
accu
rate
grinding
a
fine
curved
surface
of
workpiece
surface,
and
magnetic
a
brasive
act
applies
to
grind
cutting
and
grinding
process
is
usually
to
co
mpetent
complex
shape
parts
surface
smooth
processing.
Grinding
machine
adopts
stepless
speed
regulation
control
system,
ca
n
be
easily
adjusted
adheasine
grind
various
parts
of
grinding
speed.
Usi
ng
electricity
-
gas
proportional
valve
close-loop
feedback
grinding
machi
ne
pressure
control,
can
independence
regulation
pressure
device.
Slow
fal
ling
installed
in
the
up-tray
to
prevent
the
crash
of
brittleness
slice.
Thro
ugh
a
time
relay
and
a
grinding
counter,
can
press
processing
requiremen
ts
accurately
Settings
and
control
of
milling
time
and
grinding
lap.
Work

can
be
adjusted
pressure
mode,
achieve
grinding
set
time
or
lap
will
au
-4-