公平高考英语容易混淆的常用动词辨析

2021年1月24日发(作者：恬淡虚无)
高考英语容易混淆的常用动词辨析

(1) say, speak, talk, tell
的用法。

1) say
表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。

He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak
表示
“
讲话
”< br>，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上
各种语言作为宾语。
Do you speak English?

May I speak to Mr. Pope, please?
3) talk
表示
“
谈话
”
，是不及物动词，与
to , about, with
等连用，才可以接宾语。

What are you talking about?

Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell
表示
“
告诉，讲述
”
是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。

She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
(2) look, see, watch
和
read
的用法。


1) look
强调
“
看
”
这个动作，是不及物动词，常与
at
连用，然 后接宾语。

Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see
指
“
看见
”
某物，强调的是结果。

They
can‘t
see
the
words
on

the
blackboard.

Does
Lily
often
go
to
see
a
film
on
Sunday?
3) watch
指的是
“
观看
”
，
“
注视
”
之意。

The twins are watching TV now.

He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4
）

read< br>指
“
看书
”
、
“
看报
”
、
“
阅读
”
之意。

Don‘t read in the sun.


I like to read newspapers when I am free.

(3) borrow, lend
和
keep
的区别。

1) borrow
意思为
“
借入
”
，常常与
from
连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬 间即能完
成的动作。



Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend
是
“
借出
”
之意，常常与
to
连用，同
borrow
一样，是非延续性动词，只 表
示瞬间即能完成的动作。

Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr. Li.


Could you lend us your radio, please?
3) keep
是
“
保存
”
的意思，动作可以延续。

How long can the recorder be kept?


The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.
(4) bring, take, carry
和
get
的用法。


1) bring
意思为
“
拿来
”
、
“
带 来
”
。指将某物或某人从别处
“
带来
”
。

Bring me the book, please.



May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
2) take
意思是
“
拿走
”
，
“
带走
”
，把某物或某人从这里
“
带来
”
或
“
拿 到
”
某处之意。

It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.


Mother took the little girl to the next
room.
3) carry
是
“
带着、搬运、携带
”
的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提< br>着的含义，不表明来去的方向。

Do you always carry a handbag?


The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get
是去某处将某物拿回来。

Please go to my office to get some chalk.



There is no water in the bottle. Why not
get some?

1
(5) wear, put on
和
dress
的区别


1) wear
是< br>“
穿着
”“
戴着
”
的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、 戴手套、佩戴
首饰等，强调
“
穿着
”
的状态。

Tom always wears black shoes.




He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
2) put on
是
“
穿上
”“
戴上
”
的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴
的动作。

It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
He put on his hat and went out of the room.
3) dress
可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有
“
穿着
”“打扮
”
的意思。作
“
穿着
”
解时，
只用于穿衣 服，
不用于穿鞋、
戴帽、
戴手套。
作为及物动词用时，
它的宾语是人 ，
不是衣服。
dress sb.
（给某人穿衣服）
，而
wear
作
“
穿着
”
用时，也是及物动词，
但它的宾语是物，不是人 ，即
wear sth.
（穿着衣物）
。

She always dresses well.






Get up and dress quickly.
Mary is dressing her child.
(6) take, spend
和
use
的用法。


1) take
指做某事用多少时间，
句型是：
It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to
do sth.



It took me three days to finish the work.




It will take you a while week to travel
thought the forest.
2) spend
指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：

Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.


He didn‘t spend much time on his lessons.




He spent much time (in) correcting
students’ exercises.

3) use
表示使用工具、手段等。

Do you know how to use the computer?





Shall we use your car

(7)reach, get
和
arrive
的区别。


1) reach
是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。

After the train had left, they reached the station
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) ge t
是不及动词，
常与
to
连用，
再接名词，
后面接表示地点 的副词时，
不用
to
，
get to
常用于口语中。

When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.
3) arrive
是不及物动词，
表示到达一个小地方时，
用
arrive at,
到达一个大地方时
用
arrive in
。

The soldiers arrived at a small village


The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.
二

1.[
误］

She laid down and soon fell asleep.
［正］

She lay down and soon fell asleep.
［析］

考试中常出现的 是易混动词
lay
放，
lie
躺，
lie
说谎。它们的过去 时、过
去分词和现在分词变化如下：


2

lay (
放
) laid
，

laid
，

laying (
及物动词
)

lie (
躺
) lay
，

lain
，

lying (
不及物动词
)

lie (
说谎
) lied
，

lied
，

lying
2.
［误］

Please rise your hand.
［正］

Please raise your hand.
［析］

rise
是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：
The sun rises in the east.
而
raise
是及物动词。

3.
［误］

I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
［正］

I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
［析］

like
作为

喜欢

讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名 词时多
表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。

但
要注意的是
like
与
would
连用时则一定要接不定式，
如：
Would you like to go with
me?

再有一点要注意的是，
like
作为介词

像

讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。



4.
［误］

Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

［正］

Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

［析］

hear
的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而
listen to
的侧重点为听的倾向，
如：
listen! Do you hear someone calling help?
这样的词还有
look
与
se e
。它们的侧
重点也不同，
look
重于

看

的倾向，而
see
重于看见没看见。

5.
［误］

Did you watch some film recently?

［正］

Did you see some film recently?

［析］

英语中
see
与

watch
各有不同的用处，
see
用于看电影、剧目，而
wat ch
用作看电视和看球赛。

6.
［误］

Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

［正］

Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

［析］

hang
有两个含义，①


挂

，它的过去时与过去分词是
hung
，

hung;
②


绞刑

，这时它是规则动词，其过去 式与过去分词则为
hanged
，

hanged
。

7.
［误］

How long can I borrow this book?

［正］

How long can I keep this book?
［
析］



借

在英文中有三个词，
①

借入，
即
borrow,
如：
May I borrow some books
from the library?
②

借出，如：
I can lend my bike to you.
③

借多久要用
keep,
因
为
borrow
与
le nd
都是截止性动词，
而
keep
是延续性动词。
如

How long can I keep
it?


8.
［误］

We have won your class.

［正］

We have beaten your class.

［析］

win
是及物动词，
其后面的宾语应是比赛、
战争 、
奖品、
奖金。
而
beat
的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：< br>We won the game.
9.
［误］

I left my key.
［正］

I forgot my key.
［正］

I left my key at home.
［析］

leave
是

丢下

，其后一定要接地点状语，而
f orget
其后不要接地点状
语。

10.
［误］

Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

3

［正］

Oh! It's raining outside. Please take the rain coat with you.

［析］

bring
为
“
带来
”
如：
Next time bring your little sister here.
而
take
为“
带走
”
，
fetch
为
“
去某处取什么回来
”
，如：
Please fetch some coffee for us

要熟记的
是在初中课文中与
take
有关的词组，
如：

take away
拿走

take back
收回

take
down
取下
take off
脱下

take…out
拿出

take part in
参加

take a seat
坐下
take
one‘s
place
替代

take
a
look
看看

take
turn
轮流

take
a
message
捎信

take care of
照看

take one's temperature
测量体温


11.
［误］

The policeman reached to his home.
［正］

The policeman reached his home.
［析］

reach
作
“
到达
”
讲时是及物动词，如：
I reached the hotel at 8
∶
30
为

到达

讲时还有
arrive
(in+
大地方
)(at
＋较小的地方
)
和
get
to.
要注意的是与
get
有关的词组有：

get
back
回来

get
in
收割

get
into
进入

get
off
下车

get
on
上车

get
out
出去

get
up
起床

get
to
到达

get
ready
for=be
ready
for

get on well with
与人相处融洽

get
加比较级为变得如何，例如：

get colder
and colder.
12.
［误］

This dictionary spent me five dollars.
［正］

This dictionary cost me five dollars.
［析］

英文中的

花费

有
4
个
spend, cost, take
和

pay,
其中
spend
与
pay
所在
句中的主语应为人，
如：
I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars
for the book.
而
cost
与
tak e
的主语则是事物，
如：
It takes me two years to finish this
book.
13.
［误］

In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
［正］

In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
［正］

I always sleep with the windows closed.

［析］

要注意
op en
是动词也是形容词，而
close
则要用其过去分词作形容词。



14.
［误］

Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.

［正］

Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.

［析］

英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打 扮，还是穿衣服的动作
两类动词。
表示穿着状态的词有
have on, wear,
在用法上
have on
不宜用进行时态，
它多用一般时态，如：
She has on a new school dress.
而
wear
则多用进行时来表
示状态，
如：
She is wearing a new sweater.
在表示动作的词中
put on
是常 用的一词。
dress
用作动词当

穿衣

讲时其后宾语不应接 衣物，
而要接人，
如：
My children were
very young they couldn't dress themselves.
在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容
词，如：
He is dressed in white.
15.
［误］

My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?

［正］

My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?
［
析］


begin
与
start
均可 指

开始

，
而且常常可以互换，
如：
School begins (starts)
at 8 a. m.
但是在两种情况下不宜用
begin
而要用
start,
①

当作机器开动、发动
讲，如：
My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.
②

作为

旅途开
始

讲，如：
We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.


16.
［误］

I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.

4

［正］

I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.

［析］

find
是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是
found, found
，而
found
又是另外一词

建立

，它是规则动词，其过去 式与过去分词是
founded ,
如：
The
People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
17.
［误］

Please. Let's speak in English.

［正］

Please. Let's speak English.

［正］

Please. Let's talk in English.
18.
［误］

Can you speak it English?

［正］

Can you say it in English?

［析］

英文中
“
说
”
有
4
个常用词
say, tell, speak, talk.
其中不及物动词有
speak
和
ta lk
，
如：
I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.
而
speak
其后
接语言时是及物动词，
其他情况是不及物动词。
say
与
tell
是及物动词，
其中
tell
常用双宾语，
如：
Tell us a story.
但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。
如：

Tell the
truth.


19.
［误］

Are you look for you book?

［正］

Are you looking for you book?

［析］

此句含助动词
are
，且是主动语态，因此

look
的 后面应该加
ing
。在
初中阶段学习与
for
有关的词组有：


ask for
请求




care for
关心




look for
寻找




wait for
等待



send for
请人




pay for
付款

search for
寻找




leave for
去某地




prepare for
准
备

thank somebody for something
为某事向某人道谢。

20.
［误］

Are you understanding it? Yes, I got it.

［正］

Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

［析］

understand
这一词没有进行时态，
如同感观动词
love
、
hate… I got it
是
美语，
即
I understood it
。
要记住
get
作为

到达

讲时是不及物动词，
如：
I'll get to
the school at 8 a. m.

初中范围常用与
to
有关的动词词组如下：

belong to
属
于

come to
苏醒

point to (at)
指着
get to
到达

look forward to
期望
agree to
同意

21.
［误］

The meat has become badly.

［正］

The meat has become bad.

［析］

英语中
go, get, become, turn
作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动
词应被看作系动词。



22.
［误］

The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

［正］

The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

［析］

如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何 时态。如果是
过去时，
则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。
但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间 而变化
的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。

23.
［误］

I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.

［正］

I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

［
析］

在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，
如：
I should tell him when he came
back.
24.
［误］

I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

5