valentine高中英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练

2021年1月24日发(作者：most)
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高中英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练














第
1
页

高中英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练


1. clothes, cloth, clothing

clothes
统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，

cloth
指布，为不可数名词

clothing
服装的总称，指一件
衣服用
a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident

incident
指小事件
, accident
指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number

amount
后接不可数名词，

number
后接可数名词

a number of students
4. family, house, home

home
家，包括住 处和家人，
house
房子，住宅，
family
家庭成员
. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise

sound
自然界各种各样的声音，
voice
人的嗓音，
noise
噪音
I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing

photo
用 照相机拍摄的照片，
picture
可指相片，图片，电影片，
drawing
画的画

Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word

vocabulary
词汇， 一个人拥有的单词量，
word
具体的单词
He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people

population
人口，人数，
people
具体的人

China has a large population.
9. weather, climate

weather
一天内具体的天气状况，
climate
长期的气候状况

The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way

road
具体的公路，马路，
street
街道，
path
小路，小 径，
way
道路，途径


take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject

course
课程（可包括多门科目）
，
subject
科目（具体的学科）
a summer course
12. custom, habit

custom
传统风俗，
习俗，
也可指生活习惯，
后接
to do
，

habit
生活习惯，
习惯成自然，
后接
of doing. I've
got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason

cause
指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，
后接
of sth./doing sth
，
reason
用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，
后接
for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice

exercise
运动，锻炼（不可数）
，
exercises
练习（可数）
，
pr actice
（反复做的）练习


Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson

作

课

解时
,
两者可以替换
.
指课文用
lesson.
指班级或全体学生用
class. lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture

speech
指在公共场所所做的 经过准备的较正式的演说，
talk
日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，
lecture
学
术性的演讲，讲课

a series of lecture on…

17. officer, official

officer
部队的军官，
official
政府官员

an army officer
18. work, job

二者均指工作。
work
不可数，
job
可数

a good job
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第
2
页

19. couple, pair

couple
主要指人或动物，
pair
多指由两部分组成的东西

a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land

country
侧重指版图，疆域，
natio n
指人民，国民，民族，
state
侧重指政府，政体，
land
国 土，国家

The
whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker

cook
厨师，
cooker
厨具

He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages

damage
不可数名词
,
损害，损失
; damages
复数形式
,
赔偿金

$$900 damages
23. police, policeman

police
警察的总称，
后接复数谓语动词，
policeman
指某个具体的警察

The police are questioning everyone
in the house.
24. problem, question

problem
常和困难连系，
前面的动词常为
think about, solve, raise
，
question
常和疑问连系，
多和
ask, answer
连用

25. man, a man

man
人类，
a man
一个男人

Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken

二者均可指小鸡，
chicken
还可以当鸡肉

The chicken is delicious.
27. telegram, telegraph

当电报解时，
telegram
指具体的，
telegraph< br>指抽象的

a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage

travel
是 最常用的，
trip
指短期的旅途，
journey
指稍长的旅途，
voyage
指海上航行

a three-day trip
29. sport, game

sport
多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳， 打猎，赛马等；
game
指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一
套规则

His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize

price
价格，
prize
奖，奖品，奖金

win the first prize The price is high/low.

31. a number of, the number of

a number of
许多，谓语动词用复数。
the number of…
的数目，谓语动词用单数。
The number of students is
increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of

in front of
范围外的前面，
in the front of
范围内的前面

In the front of the room sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day

of the day
每一天的，当时的，当代的，

of a day
暂时的，不长久的

a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us

three of us
我们
（不止三个）
中的三个，
the three of us
我们三个
（就三个人）
The three of us ---Tom, Jack and
I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus

by bus
表手段，方式，不用冠词，
on the bus
表范围

They went there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment

for a moment
片刻，一会儿，
for the moment
暂时，一时

Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

37. next year, the next year

next year
将来时间状语，
the next year
过去将来时间状语


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第
3
页

He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year

more than a year
一年多，
more than one year
超过一年（两年或三年等）

39. take advice, take the(one's) advice

take advice
征求意见，
take the advice
接受忠告

He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air

take air
传播，走漏，
take the air
到户外去，散步

We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words

in a word
总之，一句话，

in words
口头上

In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of

in place of
代替，
in the place of
在
…
地方

A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret

in secret
秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；
in the secret
知道内情，知道秘密，

一般用作表语

My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl

a girl
可泛指所有女孩
, one girl
一个女孩

Can one girl carry such a big box?
45. take a chair, take the chair

take a chair
相当于
sit down
坐下，
take the chair
开始开会

46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

go to sea
当海员，出航，
by sea
乘船，由海路，

by the sea
在海边

go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

the doctor and teacher
指一个人，既是医生又是老师，
the doctor and the teacher
两个人，一个医生和一个
老师

the doctor and teacher is
48. in office, in the office

in office
在职的，
in the office
在办公室里

He is in office, not out of office.
49. in bed, on the bed

in bed
卧在床上，
on the bed
在床上

The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
50. in charge of, in the charge of

in charge of
管理，负责照料，

in the charge of
由
……
照料

He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the
charge of her.
51. in class, in the class

in class
在课上，
in the class
在班级里

He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire

on fire
着火
,on the fire
在火上

Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
53. out of question, out of the question

out of question
毫无疑问的，
out of the question
不可能的


54. a second, the second

a second
又一，再一，
the second
第
…… He won the second prize.

55. by day, by the day

by day
白天，
by the day
按天计算

The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people

the people
指人，
a people
指民族

The Chinese is a peace- loving people.
57. it, one

it
同一物体，
one
同类不同一

I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
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第
4
页


that
指代上文所提到的，
this
导出下文所要说的

I was ill. That's why…

59. none, nothing, no one

none
强调有多少，
nothing, no one
强调有没有，
nothing
指物，
no one
指人


---
How many…/How much…?
--- None.
60. anyone, any one

anyone
指人，不能接
of
，
any one
指人物均可，可接
of any one of you
61. who, what

who
指姓名或关系，
what
指职业或地位

What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which

what
的选择基础是无限制的，
which
在一定范围内进行选择


Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
63. other, another

other
后接名词复数，
another
后接名词单数

other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit

not a little
非常，
not a bit
一点也不

I'm not a bit tired.
我一点儿也不累。

65. many, much, a lot of

many
和可数名词连用，
much
和不可数名词连用，
a lot of
可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句

I haven't
many books.
66.
much more…than, many more…than


much
more…than
后接形容词或不可数名词，
many
more…than
后接可数名词

many
more
people,
much
more water, much more beautiful
67. no, not

no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water
68. no more than, not more than

no more than
相当于
only
，仅仅，只有，
not more than
至多，不超过

69. majority, most

majority
只能修饰可数名词，
most
可数不可数均可

the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

by oneself
单独的，独自的，
for oneself
为自己，
to oneself
供自己用的，
of oneself
自行的，


自动的

The door opened of itself.
71. at all, after all

at all
根本，全然
, after all
到底，毕竟

After all he is a child.
72. tall, high

tall
常指人或动物，
high
常指物体

He is tall.
73. fast, quickly

fast
侧重于指人 或物体具有运动速度快的特点，
quickly
侧重指某事完成或发生的快

run
fast,
answer
the
question quickly
74. high, highly

high
具体的高，
highly
抽象的高，高度的

think highly of
75. healthy, healthful

healthy
健康的，健壮的，
healthful
有益于健康的

healthful exercise
76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping
正在睡觉，
asleep
睡着， 熟睡，只能做表语，
sleepy
困的，有睡意的


a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
77. gold, golden
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第
5
页


gold
指真金制品，
golden
指金色的，但金鱼用
gold fish a gold ring
78. most, mostly

mos t
用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于
very
，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，

mostly
大部分
,
是副词

most people, the people are mostly…

79. just, very

just
表强调时是副词，作状语，
very
表强调时 是形容词，用作定语

the very man, just the man
80. wide, broad

wide
侧重于一边到另一边的距离，
broad
侧重于幅面的宽广
broad shoulders
81. real, true


real
真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不 是想象的，
true
真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相
符合

real gold, a true story
82. respectful, respectable


respectful
尊敬，有礼貌，
respectable
可敬的，值得尊敬的

be respectful to the aged

83. outwards, outward


二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，
outward
还可用作形容词

an outward voyage
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing


pleasant
常用作定语，
pleased, pleasing
常用作表语，
pleased
主语常为人，

pleasing
主语常为物

a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.
85. understanding, understandable


understanding
明白事理的，能体谅的，
understandable
可理解的，能够懂的


an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
86. close, closely


close
接近，靠近，
closely
紧紧地，紧密地

closely connected, stand close
87. ill, sick


ill
做表语，
sick
定，表均可

a sick boy
88. good, well


good
形容词，
well
副词，但指身体状况是形容词

He is well again.
89. quiet, silent, still


quiet
安静的，可以发出小的声音，
silent
不发出声音，但可以动，
still
完全不动，完全无声响

He stand
there still.
他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。

90. hard, hardly


hard
努力，
hardly
几乎不

work hard I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable



able
与不定式
to do
连用，
capable
与
of
连用

He is capable of doing…

92. almost, nearly


二者均为

几乎
,
差不多

和否 定词连用用
almost almost nobody

93. late, lately


late
迟，晚，
lately
最近，近来

I haven't seen him lately.
94. living, alive, live, lively


living, alive, live
均为活着的，
living
定表均可，
alive
定表均可，定语后置，live
只能做定语，
lively
意
为活波的

all the living people=all the people alive
95. excited, exciting


excited
使人兴奋的，
exciting
令人兴奋的

I'm excited. The news is exciting.
96. deep, deeply


deep
具体的深，
deeply
抽象的深，深深地

deeply moved, dig deep
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第
6
页

97. aloud, loud


aloud
出声地，
loud
大声地

read aloud(
出声地读
)
98. worth, worthy


二者均为值得，
worth
后接
doing
，
w orthy
后接
to be done, of being done



It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
99. bad, badly


bad
形容词，
badly
副词，不好，但与
need, want, require
连用为

很，非常


I need the book badly.

100. before long, long before


before long
不久以后，
long before
很久以前

not long before = before long
101. quite, rather


quite
完全地，相当于
completely, rather
修饰比较级

quite impossible
102. happy, glad


happy
高兴，幸福，定表均可，
glad
高兴，只能做表语

a happy girl
103. instead, instead of


instead
是副词，放在句首或句末，
instead of
是介词短语，放在句中

He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV
.
He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
104. too much, much too


too much
后接不可数名词，
much too
后接形容词

much too heavy
105. be about to, be going to, be to do


be about to
表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，
be going to
侧重打算，想法，

be to do
侧重意志，计划，安排
I'm to meet him.(
含双方事先约好的意思
)
106. raise, rise


raise
及物动词，
rise
不及物动词

The sun rises in the east.
107. bring, take, carry, fetch


bring
拿来，
take
带走，
carry
随身携带，
fetch
去回这一往返动作

fetch a box of chalk
108. spend, take, pay, cost


spend
人做主语，花钱，花时间
; spend…on sth./i
n doing sth; take
物做主语，花时间
;

pay
人做主语，花钱，
pay for; cost
物做主语，花钱

109. join, join in, take part in


join
加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；
join in
参加小型的活动
, join sb. in
；

take part in
参加大型的活动

He joined the army five years ago.
110. learn, study

learn
学习，侧重学习的结果，
study
学习，侧重学习的过程，研究



study the problem
111. want, hope, wish


want
打算，想要，
want to do, want sb. to do, hope
希望（通常可以实现）
，
hope to do/ hope that… wish
希望（通常不能实现）
wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
112. discover, invent, find out


discover< br>发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，
invent
发明本来不存在的物体，

find out
发现，查明

At last he found out the truth.
113. answer, reply


answer
及物动词，
reply
不及物动词，后接

to reply to the letter
114. leave, leave for


leave
离开，
leave for
前往

He left Beijing for Shanghai.
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第
7
页

115. rob, steal


rob
抢劫

rob sb. of sth.
，
steal
偷

steal sth. from sb.

116. shoot, shoot at


shoot
射死，
shoot at
瞄准，但不一定射中

He shot the bird and it died.
117. drop, fall


drop
及物不及物均可，
fall
不及物动词

Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
118. search, search for


search
后接地点，
search for
后接东西

He searched his pocket for money.
119. used to, be used to


used to
过去常常，
be used to
习惯于，后接
sth./doing sth.
；被用来，后接

do sth. He is used to getting up
early.
120. win, lose, beat


win
后接
sth.
，反义词为
lose, beat
后接
sb. win the game, beat them
121. live on, live by


live on
以
…
为主食，
live by
靠
…
谋生

live on fish/ live by fishing
122. beat, hit, strike


b eat
连续性地击打；
hit
打中，对准打；
strike
打一下或 若干下

beat the wings
123. meet, meet with


meet
遇到，
meet with
体验到，遭遇到

meet with an accident
124. lose, miss


lose
失去（具体的物体）
，错过

sth. is lost, lose the chance
；
miss
想念，错过
sth. is missing,

miss the chance
125. be tired of, be tired with/from


be tired of
厌烦
…
，
be tired with/from
因为
…
而累了

be tired with/from running 800 meters
126. care about, care for


care about
关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；
care for
关心，照料，喜欢，愿意


He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold


catch a cold
不能和表示

一段时间

的状语连用，而
have a cold
可以



She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into


change for
调换成，
change into
变成

Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last


二者均为持续，
continue
主动，
被 动均可，
last
只能用主动

The war continued/lasted five years. The story
is to be continued.
130. feed, raise


feed
喂养，养活，饲养

(to give food to)
，

raise
饲养，养育

(cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor


go for a doctor
去请医生，
go to a doctor
去看病


132. notice, observe, catch sight of


notice
注意到，
observe
观察，仔细地看，
catch sight of
突然看到

observe the stars
133. insist on, stick to


insist on
坚持要求，后常接
doing, stick to
坚持
,
后常接
sth. stick to the plan
134. look, seem, appear