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英语中的近义词辨析
(1)
2008-01-10 13:27
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes
统指各种衣服，
谓语动词永远是复数，
cloth
指布，
为不可数名词，
clothing
服装的总称，指一件衣服
a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident
指小事件
, accident
指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount
后接不可数名词，
number
后接可数名词
a number of students
4. family, house, home
home
家，
包括住处和家人，
house
房子，
住宅，
family
家庭成员
.
My
family
is
a
happy
one.
5. sound, voice, noise
s ound
自然界各种各样的声音，
voice
人的嗓音，
noise
噪音
I hate
the loud noise
outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo
用照相机拍摄的照片，
picture
可指相片，图片，
电影片，
drawing
画的画
Let's
go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary
词汇
，
一个人拥有的单词量，
word
具体的单词
He
has
a
large
vocabulary.
8. population, people
population
人口，人数，
people
具体的人
China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
weather
一天内具体的天气状况，
climate
长期的气候状况
The
climate
here
is
not
good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road
具体的 公路，马路，
street
街道，
path
小路，小径，
way道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course
课程（可包括多门科目），
subject
科目（具体的学科）
a summer course
12. custom, habit
custom
传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接
to
do
，
habit
生活习惯，习惯成自
然，后接
of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
cause
指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接
of sth./doing sth
，
reason
用来解
释某种现象或结果的理由，后接
for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise
运动，锻炼（不可数），
exercises
练 习（可数），
practice
（反复做的）
练习
Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson
作
课
解时
,
两者 可以替换
.
指课文用
lesson.
指班级或全体学生用
class .
lesson
6;
class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech< br>指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，
talk
日常生活中的一般的谈
话，讲话，
lecture
学术性的演讲，讲课
a series of lecture on…
17. officer, official
officer
部队的军官，
official
政府官员
an army officer
18. work, job
二者均指工作。
work
不可数，
job
可数
a good job
19. couple, pair
couple
主要指人或动物，
pair
多指由两部分组成的东西
a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land
country
侧重指版图 ，疆域，
nation
指人民，
国民，民族，
state
侧重指政府 ，政体，
land
国土，国家
The whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker
cook
厨师，
cooker
厨具
He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
damage
不可数名词
,
损害，损失
; damages
复数形式
,
赔偿金
0 damages
23. police, policeman
pol ice
警察的总称，
后接复数谓语动词，
policeman
指某个具体的警 察
The
police
are
questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question
problem
常和困难连系，前面的动词常为
think about, solve, raise
，
question
常
和疑问连系，多和
ask, answer
连用
25. man, a man
man
人类，
a man
一个男人
Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小鸡，
chicken
还可以当鸡肉
The chicken is delicious.
27. telegram, telegraph
当电报解时，
telegram
指具体的 ，
telegraph
指抽象的
a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel
是最常用的，
trip
指短期 的旅途，
journey
指稍长的旅途，
voyage
指海上航
行< br>a three-day trip
29. sport, game
sport
多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎 ，赛马等；
game
指决定胜负
的游戏，通常有一套规则
His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize
price
价格，
prize
奖，奖品，奖金
win the first prize The price is high/low.
31. a number of, the number of
a number of
许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
in
front
of
范围外的前面，
in
the
front
of
范围内的前面
In
the
front
of
the
room
sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day
of
the
day
每一天的，
当时的，
当代的，
of
a
day
暂时的，
不长久的
a
famous
scientist
of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
three of us
我们（不止三个）中的三个，
the three of us
我们三个（就三个人）
The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
by bus
表手段，方式，不用冠词，
on the bus
表范围
They went there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment
片刻，一会儿，
for the moment
暂时，一时
Thinking for a moment,
he agreed.
37. next year, the next year
next year
将来时间状语，
the next year
过去将来时间状语
He said he would go
abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year
一年多，
more than one year
超过一年（两年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice
征求意见，
take the advice
接受忠告
He refused to take the advice
and failed again.
40. take air, take the air
take air
传播，走漏，
take the air
到户外去，散步
We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words
in a word
总之，一句话，
in words
口头上
In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of
in
place
of
代替，
in
the
place
of
在…地方
A
new
building
is
built
in
the
place
of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
in secret
秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；
in the secret
知道内情，知
道秘密，一般用作表语
My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
a girl
可泛指所有女孩
, one girl
一个女孩
Can one girl carry such a big box?
45. take a chair, take the chair
take a chair
相当于
sit down
坐下，
take the chair
开始开会
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea
当海员，出航，
by sea
乘船，由海路，
by the sea
在海边
go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the
doctor
and
teacher
指一个人，既是医生又是老师，
the
doctor
and
the
teacher
两个人，一个医生和一个老师
the doctor and teacher is
48. in office, in the office
in
office
在职的，
in
the
office
在办公室里
He
is
in
office,
not
out
of
office.
49. in bed, on the bed
in bed
卧在床上，
on the bed
在床上
The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
50. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of
管理，负责照料，
in the charge of
由……照料
He is in charge of
the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.
英语中的近义词辨析
(2)
2008-01-10 13:30
51. in class, in the class
in class
在课上，
in the class
在班级里
He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire
on
fire
着火
,on
the
fire
在火上
Put
the
food
on
the
fire.
The
house
is
on
fire.
53. out of question, out of the question
out of question
毫无疑问的，
out of the question
不可能的
54. a second, the second
a second
又一，再一，
the second
第…… He won the second prize.
55. by day, by the day
by day
白天，
by the day
按天计算
The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people
the people
指人，
a people
指民族
The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
57. it, one
it
同一物体，
one
同类不同一
I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
that
指代上文所提到的，
this
导出下文所要说的
I was ill. That's why…
59. none, nothing, no one
none
强调有多少，
nothing, no one
强调有没有，
nothing
指物，
no one
指人
---
How many…/How much…?
--- None.
60. anyone, any one
anyone
指人，不能接
of
，
any one
指人物均可，可接
of any one of you
61. who, what
who
指姓名或关系，
what
指职业或地位
What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which
what
的选择基础是无限制的，
which
在一定范围内进行选择
Which
do
you
prefer,
bananas or apples?
63. other, another
other
后接名词复数，
another
后接名词单数
other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit
not a little
非常，
not a bit
一点也不
I'm not a bit tired.
我一点儿也不累。
65. many, much, a lot of
many
和可数名词连用，
much
和不可数名词连用，
a lot of
可数，不可数均可，但
不用于否定句
I haven't many books.
66. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than
后接形容词或不可数名词，
many m
ore…than
后接可数名词
many
more people, much more water, much more beautiful
67. no, not
no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water
68. no more than, not more than
no more than
相当于
only
，仅仅，只有，
not more than
至多，不超过
69. majority, most
majority
只能修饰可数名词，
most
可数不可数均可
the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by
oneself
单独的，
独自的，
for
oneself
为自己，
to
oneself
供自己用的，
of
oneself
自行的，自动的
The door opened of itself.
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