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珊瑚礁上海著名景点英文介绍

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来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-24 09:41
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2021年1月24日发(作者:duck是什么意思)

Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower
The Oriental Pearl Tower is a TV tower in Shanghai, China. The Oriental Pearl Tower
is located at the tip of Lujiazui in the Pudong district, by the side of Huangpu River,
opposite of The Bund.
It
was
designed
by
the
Shanghai
Modern
Architectural
Design
Co.
Ltd.
Principal
designers are Jiang Huan Chen, Lin Benlin and Zhang Xiulin. Construction began in
1990 and the tower was
completed in
1994. At 468 m
(1,535 feet) high, it was the
tallest structure in China (excluding Taiwan; see Taipei 101) from 1994

2007, when it
was surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center.

The spheres in the tower

The
tower
features
11
spheres,
big
and
small.
The
two
largest
spheres,
along
the
length of the tower, have diameters of 50 m (164 ft) for the lower and 45 m (148 ft)
for the upper. They are linked by three columns, each 9 m
(30 ft) in diameter. The
highest sphere is 14 m (46 ft) in diameter.
The entire building is supported by three enormous columns that start underground.
Observation levels
The tower has fifteen observatory levels. The highest (known as the Space Module) is
at 350 m (1148 ft). The lower levels are at 263 m (863 ft) (Sightseeing Floor) and at
90 m (295 ft) (Space City). There is a revolving restaurant at the 267 m (876 ft) level.
The project also contains exhibition facilities, restaurants and a shopping mall. There
is also a 20-room hotel called the Space Hotel between the two large spheres.
Antenna spire
An antenna, broadcasting TV and radio programs, extends the construction by another
118 m (387 ft) to a total height of 468 m (1,535 ft).

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Chinese symbolism in the design
The design of the building is said to be based on a verse of the Tang Dynasty poem
Pipa Song by Bai Juyi about the wonderful sprinkling sound of a pipa instrument, like
pearls, big and small falling on a jade plate. However, the designer Jiang Huancheng
says that he did not have the poem in mind when designing the tower. It was the chief
of the jury board who said it reminded him of that poem.



Shanghai World Financial Center
The Shanghai World Financial Center is a supertallskyscraper located in the Pudong
district of Shanghai, China. It was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by
Mori Building. It is a mixed-use skyscraper, consisting of offices, hotels, conference
rooms, observation decks, and ground-floor shopping malls. Park Hyatt Shanghai is
the hotel component, containing 174 rooms and suites. Occupying the 79th to the 93rd
floors,
it
is
the
second-highest
hotel
in
the
world,
surpassing
the
Grand
Hyatt
Shanghai on the 53rd to 87th floors of the neighboring Jin Mao Tower.

On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was
topped out, at
492.0 meters (1,614.2 ft)
making it the second-tallest building in the world at the time, and the tallest structure
in
the
People's
Republic
of
China
prior
to
the
construction
of
the
nearby
Shanghai
Tower.
It
also
had
the
highest
occupied
floor
and
the
highest
height
to
roof,
two
categories used to determine the title of

On
28
August
2008,
the
SWFC
officially
opened
for
business.
Two
days
later,
the
world's tallest observation deck opened, offering views from 474 m (1,555 ft) above
ground level. The SWFC continues to have the tallest observation deck in the world.
The SWFC has been lauded for its design, and in 2008 it was named by architects as
the year's best completed skyscraper.
History
Designed
by
Kohn
Pedersen
Fox,
the
101-story
tower
was
originally
planned
for
construction
in
1997,
but
work
was
temporarily
interrupted
by
the
Asian
Financial
Crisis in the late 1990s and later to accommodate design changes by Mori Building
Co.
The
building
of
the
tower
is
financed
by
several
multinational
firms,
including
Chinese, Japanese, and Hong Kong banks, as well as by the Japanese developer and
as-yet
unnamed
American
and
European
investors.
American
investment
bank
Morgan Stanley is coordinating the financing for Mori Building.
Construction

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The
foundation
stone
was
laid
on
27
August
1997.
In
the
late
1990s
the
Pierre
de
Smet Building Corporation had a fund shortage caused by the Asian financial crisis in
1997 to 1998, which halted the project after the foundations were completed. On 13
February
2003,
the
Mori
Group
increased
the
building's
height
to
492
m
and
101
stories
from
the
initial
plans
for
a
460 m
(1,509 ft),
94-story
building.
The
new
building would use the foundation of the original
design. The building construction
resumed on 16 November 2003.
The building reached its total height of 492 m on 14 September 2007 after installation
of the final
steel
girder.
The final
cladding panels
were installed in
mid June 2008,
and
elevator
installation
was
finished
in
mid
July
2008.
On
17
July
2008
The
Shanghai World Financial Center was completed and on 28 August 2008, the SWFC
officially
opened
for
business.
On
30
August
2008,
the
observation
floors
were
opened to the public.
Architecture
The most distinctive feature in the design of the building is an aperture at the peak.
The original design specified a circular aperture, 46 m (151 ft) in diameter, to reduce
the
stresses
of
wind
pressure,
as
well
as
serve
as
a
subtext
for
the
design,
since

the earth with
a
square and the sky
with
a circle
also resembled a Chinese moon gate due to its circular form in Chinese architecture.
However, this initial design began facing protests from some Chinese, including the
mayor
of
Shanghai,
who
considered
it
too
similar
to
the
rising
sun
design
of
the
Japanese flag. Pedersen then suggested that a bridge be placed at the bottom of the
aperture to make it less circular. On 18 October 2005, KPF submitted an alternative
design to
Mori
Building
and a trapezoidal hole
replaced the circle
at
the top
of the
tower, which in addition to changing the controversial design, would also be cheaper
and easier to implement according to the architects. In the eyes of some, the building
resembles a giant bottle opener. In fact, metal replicas of the building that function as
actual bottle openers are sold in the observation deck gift shop.
There are 3 observation decks in Shanghai World Financial Center. The height of its
lowest observation deck (
观光大厅
) is 423 m (1,388 ft), on the 94th floor, the second
is 439 m (1,440 ft) high, on the 97th floor, named
观光天桥
),
and the highest
(
观光天阁
) is
474 m
(1,555 ft) high, on the 100th
floor. Admission
ranges from 100 RMB (15.4 USD) for the 94th floor only to 150 RMB (about 23.1
USD) for all three observation decks.
The skyscraper's roof height is set at 492 m, and has temporarily claimed the highest
roof
in
the
world.
Before
construction
resumed
on
the
roof,
tower
height
was
scheduled to be 509.2 m (1,671 ft) so the building would hold the title of the world's

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tallest building (structural top) over the Taipei 101, but a height limit was imposed,
allowing the roof to reach a maximum height of 492 m. Architect William Pedersen
and
developer
Minoru
Mori
have
resisted
suggestions
to
add
a
spire
that
would
surpass that of Taipei 101 and perhaps One World Trade Center, calling the Shanghai
WFC
a

building
The
SWFC
boasts
a
gross
floor
area
of
more
than 377,300 m2 (4,061,200 sq ft) and 31 elevators and 33 escalators.
Awards
Shanghai
World
Financial
Center
was
named
by
architects
as
the
best
skyscraper
completed
in
2008
receiving
both
the
Best
Tall
Building
Overall
and
Asia
&
Australasia awards from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH).
CTBUH's
Carol
Willis,
head
of
New
York's
Skyscraper
Museum,
states:

simplicity
of
its
form
as
well
as
its
size
dramatizes
the
idea
of
the
skyscraper.
Architect
Tim
Johnson
noted
its
innovative
structural
design:

trusses
gird
against the forces of wind and earthquake and made the building lighter, made it use
less
steel,
and
contributed
to
its
sustainability.
Johnson
described
the
SWFC's
structure as




Huangpu River cruise
If
you
cruise by the river
you will see hundreds
of cargo
and passenger
ships. You
don't remain indifferent to beauty of four Shanghai bridges: Xupu, Lupu, Nanpu and
Yangpu.
The
splendid
array
of
structures
resembles
misty
ice
palaces
in
a
riot
of
colors-golden
yellow,
pure
white
and
aquamarine
blue.
Constantly
changing
colors
mesmerize.


It
is
also
a
major
water
source
for
Shanghai.
Huangpu
Rver,
known
as
the
mother
river of Shanghai,
which rises
in
the Tai
Lake,
Jiangsu
Province, flows through the
urban area of the city and empties into the mouth of the Yangtze River, with a total
length of 112 kilometers. First of all the river is thruway for Shanghai.


History and Culture

Huangpu River, 97 km long, rising in the lake district of Shanghai Municipality, East
China, and flowing northeast past Shanghai into the Chang estuary at Wusong. The
Huangpu River can also be called either the Chun Shen River or the Huang Xie River.

It is also a major water source for Shanghai, and as the city has grown it has suffered
from water shortages
and polluted drinking water; in 1996 a project to divert water
from
the
Chang
River
(Yangtze)
to
the
Huangpu
was
completed.
The
cruise
boat
meanders eastward along the golden waterway to the intriguing


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