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现在完成时的基本用法
一、基本结构
①肯定句:主语
+have/has+
过去分词
+
其他
②否定句:主语
+have/has+not+
过去分词
+
其他
③一般疑问句:
have/has+
主语+
过去分词
+
其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+
一般疑问句(
have/has+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他)
二、用法
1
)
现在完成时的
完成用法
现在完成时表示
,
动作或状 态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在
.
He has turned off the light.
他已把灯关了。
(
动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的 情况
--
灯现在不亮了。
)
I have spent all of my money.(
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)Jane has laid the table.(
含义是
:
现在桌子已经摆好了
.)
2
)
现在完成时的
未完成用法
指的是动 作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
三
.
代表词:
,
如
already
(肯定)
, yet
(否定,疑问)
, just, before, recently
,
ever, never, twice ,so far
等
:
for +
一段时间
since
+
过去的时间点(
1999
,
last year......
)
一段时间
+ ago
( two days ago
)
从句(一般过去时)
注意
:
.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,
(
如表示过去的时间状语)
如
yesterday(morning
、
afte rnoon),last(morning
、
afternoon)
等
四
.
have been to , have gone to , have been in
的区别
have been to
强调
“
去过
”
,现已不在那里或从来没有去过
have gone to
主要强调的是
“
去了
”
,现在人 不在说话的现场,还没有回来
--where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪?
--she has gone to the hospital. --
她去医院了。
has been in
一直在某地一段时间
I have been in Beijing for ten years.
1. -have you ever______
Beijing to visit the Great Wall?
-yes, i have
a. went to
b. gone to
c. been in
d. been to
2. my parents ______ shangdong for ten years.
a. have been in
b. have been to c. have gone to
d. have been
五、现在完成时考点例析
1. kate's never seen chinese films
,
____ ?
a. hasn't she b. has she c. isn't she d. is she
2. his uncle has already posted the photos to him. (
改为否定句
)
his uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
3. -ann has gone to shanghai. -so ______her parents.
a. has b. had c. did d. have
4. -mum, may i go out and play basketball?
-______you______ your homework yet?
a. do; finish
b. are; finishing
c. did; finish
d. have; finished
5. -______ you ______anywhere before? -yes, but i can't remember where i______
a. did; surf; surfed
b. have; surfed; surfed
c. did; surf; have surfed
d. have; surfed; have surfed 注意:当句中有
段时间
或
点时间
等时 ,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非
延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的 词
(
短语
)
。如:
1. his brother has been to stone forest twice______he came to yunnan.
a. after
b. before
c. since
d. for
2. tom______the cd player for two weeks.
a. has lent
b. has borrowed
c. has bought
d. has had
3. i______a letter from him since he left.
a. didn't receive
b. haven't got
c. didn't have
d. haven't he
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如:
1. sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(
改成正确的句子
)
析:非延续性动词与
段时间
连用时,除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外 ,还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助
句型
段时间
+since+
从句
进行句子转换。故答案为:
sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /sun's aunt went
there ten years ago. /it's ten years since sun's aunt went there.
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