丧钟(完整)初中英语现在完成时详解

2021年1月24日发(作者：lateron)
现在完成时

一、现在完成时构成

构成：现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三人
称单数用
has
，其余用
have. < br>现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以
study
为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式

I have not (haven’t) studied….

You have not (haven’t) studied….

He has not (hasn’t) studied….

否定疑问式

Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?

Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?

Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?

二、现在完成时用法

1< br>、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作
或状态对 现在的结果或影响。

My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。

She has arrived.
她到了。

2
、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一 段时间的状语连用，如
recently, already, just,
lately, for…, since…,
yet
等。如：

I haven’t heard from her these days.

这些日子我没有收到她的信。

We haven’t seen you recently.

最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years.

他们离开已经两年了。

She has been with us since Monday.
①
for+
时段

②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）

③
since+
时段
+ago
④
since+
从句（过去时）

⑤
It is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.
疑问式

Have I studied…?

Have you studied…?

Has he studied…?

简单回答（肯定
/
否定）

Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Yes, he has. No, he has
n’t.

I have lived here since 1998.
注意：

since
和
for
的区别

since
后接时间点，如
1993
，
last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for
后接一段时间， 表示
“
长达多久
”
，如
ten years, a while, two days
等。

3
、表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die
等，在完成时当中不 能和
表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：

He has come here for 2 weeks.


×

The old man has died for 4 months.


×

They have left only for 5 minutes.


×

4
、
has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)
的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :
去了
(
现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到
)
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :
去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in
：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
5
、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如
yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago,
just now, when I came in
，但可以和
already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently,
once, twice, ever, never
等连用。不能与
when
连用。

现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

例如：

She has already come.

她已经来了。

I haven’t read it yet.

我还没读过这个。

I have met him before.

我从前曾见过他。

Ma Hong has always been a good student.

马红一直是个好学生。

I have often seen him in the street.

我经常在街上看见他。

They have never been to Yan’an.

他们从未去过延安。

I haven't seen him lately.

我近来没看到他。

三、现在完成时的标志



1
、现在完成时的含义之一是 过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响
,
用以下四大标志词可以表达这
种含义
: