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英语常见六大时态
一般现在时
是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是初中英语语法重点。它表示
1)
经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。例如:
I go to school on foot.
He is very busy now.
2)
表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。例如:
He can swim.
I work hard.
I like watching TV.
3)
表示客观真理
例如:
. There are seven days in a week.
The moon moves round the earth.
其结构按正常语序,即
“
主语
+
谓语
+
其它
”
,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前
.
其句式变
化可分为两种情况
1)
表示动作,
一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词
don’t
;变一般疑问句须在句< br>首加助动词
do
。
例如
They have lunch at 12:00.
They
don’t
have lunch at 12:00.
Do
they have lunch at 12:00?
2
)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词
do esn’t
;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动
词
does
。
如
Jenny speaks English very well
.
→
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
→
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有
be
动词的要在
be
上做变化
.
如:
Danny is a good student.
→
Danny
isn’t
a good student.
→
Is
Danny a good student?
常用表示时间的词如:
often
、
usually
、
always
、
sometimes
等频率副词,
on Saturdays
、
in the
morning(afternoon evening)
、
every day
等。
常见错误如下:
一、
be
动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例:
We
are plant
(plant) the trees in spring.
答案:
plant
解析:
学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学 习英语最
忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中
,
be
是表状态,
do
是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在
句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,
be
、
do
不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万
要牢记。”
1
自我检测:
(
一
)
、
单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office.
Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work; works
B
works; work
C
work; are working
D
is working; work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have
B
there is
C
there are
D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain
B
didn't rain
C doesn't rain
D
isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set
B
rises; sets
C
rises, set
D
rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen
B
likes; listens
C
like; are listening
D
liking listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study
B studies
C study
D studied
(
二
)
、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he
( come) to visit.
2
your sister
(know)English?
3Her home
(
远离
)her school.
4The pot
(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where
you
(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_
(
想要
)to go swimming?
7
she
(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually
(play) games in the afternoon .
二、单三人称形式易出错
例:
1 He plaies (play) football very well.
答案:
plays
2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案:
goes
解析:
1
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把
y
换成
i
再加
es
;2
与名词变复数
不同,变单三人称形式以
o
结尾的词要加
es.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例:
1. Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
答案:
Does
have
2
2 .
Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
答案:
doesn’t live
解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“
见助动,用原形
”。
此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。
e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、对
do
的理解易出错
例:
We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:
don
’t do
解析:
do
是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义
:
a)
是所有行为动词的总称;
b)
是助动词,无
实义;
c)
是一个具体 的行为动词
“
做,干
”
。此句中给出的
do
指
“< br>做,干
”
,
not
指把此句变为否定句,
故须在
do
前加助动词
don’t
。
五、对主语的数判断有误
例:
Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
答案
: is
解析
:
表面一看是
“
我和李明两个人在北京< br>”
,但
with
在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,
故用
is.< br>
另外,
宾语从句中,
从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,
从句都要用一般现在时;
在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句 要用一般现在时。
现在进行时
表示:
1
、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作 ,强调
“
此时此刻
”
。
例如:
He is reading .
They are talking now.
2
、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
E.g.
They are working these days.
3
、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。
E.g
I am coming.
其结构为
be+
现在分词
.
现在分词的变法有:
1
、一般在动词词尾加上
-ing ,
E.g.
jump
2
、以不发音字母
e
结尾的动词,先去
e,再加
-ing. E.g
have
write
3
、
.
以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词, 它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅
音字母双写,再加上
-ing. E.g.
sit
put
其句式变换都在
be
上做文章。
E.g.
He
is buying
a bike.
Is
he
buying
a bike?
He
isn’t buying
a bike.
一般由
look,
listen,
now,
at this moment
等标志时间词。
自我检测
(一)
、单选
1
、
Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping
B. are help
C. is help
helpping
2
、
_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
3
A .Who
B .How
3
、
Don’t tal
k here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping
B .are sleeping
C. sleeping
D .sleep
4
、
Danny ______. Don’t call him.
A. is writeing
B .is writing
g
D .writes
5
、
–
-----
When_____he_____back?
–
------
Sorry, I don’t know.
A. does,come
coming
come
coming
(二)、填空
1
、
It’s ten o’clo
ck. My mother
(lie)in bed.
2
、
What
he
(mend)?
3
、
We
(play)games now.
4
、
What
you
(do) these days?
5
、
he
(clean) the classroom?
6
、
Who
(
sing)in the next room?
7
、
The girl
(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She
(wear)a red sweater today.
、
常见错误:
一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错
例:
1
、
They are swiming.(swim)
答案:
ng
2
、
Jenny is plaiing(play)football.
答案:
2 .playing
解析:动词变现在分词可有如下 口诀
:“
一添一去
y
不变
”. “
一添
”
指双写规则;
“
一去
”
指去掉不发
音字母
e
规则;
“y
不变
”
指要与名词变复数区分开。
二、丢掉
be
动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词
例:
1
、
Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.
答案:
1 are flying
2
、
Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.
答案
2 isn’t reading
解析
:
现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为
: “be+
现在分词
,
缺一不可
”
。这一点必须牢记。
三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉
doing
例:
1
、
The students are singing in the room.(
对划线部分提问
)
What are the students in the room?
答案:
What are the students doing in the room?
解析
:
现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式
“What +be +
主语
+doing+
其它
?”
或简写为
“What......doing......”?
句式。
四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视
or
后用现在分词形式
4
例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?
Are the children running or jump?
答案:
Are the children running or jumping?
解析
:
or
连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。
一般过去时
主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解:
1
)过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g.
I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.
2
)过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
e.g.
When I was a child,I often played with fire.
Li Lei always walked to school last term.
3
)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。
e.g.
Lu Xun was a great writer.
4
)
有些发生时间不是很 清楚的情况,
实际是过去发生的,
也应用过去时态。
e.g.
What did you say?
另外,还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。
e.g.
Could you lend me your pen?
结构是
主语
+
动词的过去式
。
be
动词的过去式为
was, were
;
行为动词
的过去式规则变化有以下几种情况:
1
)直接在动词原形末尾加
-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;
2
)以
e
结尾的动词只加
-d. e.g. arrive -----arrived; like-----liked.
3)
末尾只有一个辅音字母 的重读闭音节
,
应先双写这个辅音字母
,
再加
-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped;
4)
以
辅音字母
+y
结尾的动词
,
先把
y
变成
i,
再加
- ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------ studied.
有些动词变
过去式是不规则的
,e.g. fly------ flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught.
这些需要象生单词一样记住
.
句式变化分为两种情况
1)
含有
be
动词的依然在
be
上做文章
.
e.g.
I was born in 1980.
I was not born in 1980.
Were you born in 1980?
2)
含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词
didn't.,
同时把动词变 成原形
;
变一般疑问
句
,
在句首加助动词
did,
同时把动词变成原形
.
e.g
. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.
I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.
Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?
其时间状语为
yesterday
或由其构成的短语
,e.g.
yesterday morning;
由
时间
构成的短语
, e.g.
last year;
由
时间段
+ago
构成的短语
, e.g.
three days ago
;
另外
,
还有
on the morning of Monday, just now
等
,
以及一些表 示过去时态的从句
.
注意
,
在宾语从句中主句为过去
,
一般 从句也为过去
.
自主检测
:
(一
)选择
1 She lived there before he____to China.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
2 I _____but_____nothing.
A . was listened;was hearing
B. listened;heard
C . have listened; heard
D. listened; heard of
3 When did you ____here?
A. got to
B. reached
C. arrive in
D. reach
4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A. finished
B. would finish
C. was finishing
D. finish
5 ------He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?
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