懒六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时牛津上海版(一起).doc

2021年1月24日发(作者：返程)
六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时牛津
上海版（一起）



授课日期

时

时

间

主

主

题

现在完成时

学习目标
1.
现在完
成时的定义
2.
现在完成时的构成
3.
现在完成时的用法

教学内容

处理上
次课

课后巩固作业及

预习思考内容。
1.
复习情态动词
2.
预习思考现在完成
时

教学建议：
1
、
根据上节课预习思考的要求，
让学生了解现在完成 时的概念，
列举已经做过的事情；
Mother: John, clean your teeth please.
John:
Mum,
I
have
already(
已经
)
cleaned
them.
勤劳的约翰已经刷了牙哦，
亲爱的同学动动小脑筋，
你还做过哪些事呢？

下节课跟小伙伴交流下吧，
参考
句式：
1.
我已经去过了
... 2.
我已经吃过了
... 3.
我已经看过了
...
（卡通片、漫画
...
）
Keys: 1. I have already been to the Shanghai
Disneyland. 2.
I
have
alresday
eaten
8
apples. 3.I
have
already
seen this movie for 3 times.
同学们，从以上句式中，我们可以总结出什么
呢？是不是每一句都有个
y already
呢？那
y already
又用于怎样


的句式呢？

对的，
肯定句。
那哪位童鞋可以告诉老师否定句 怎么办呢？疑问
句呢？

那我们在接下来的课堂当中来具体地学习一下。

现在完成时

理

【知识梳理
1
】现在完成时的构成
1.
肯定式：词

主语＋助动词
have
／
has
＋过去分词＋其它

【例题精讲】
1
）
My
parents
and
I
have
been
to
Century
Park
during
the
Mid-autumn
Festival.
2
）
I've
just
read
all
the
new
words.
我刚读了所有的生词。
(
表示不要再读了
)
3
）
She
has
bought
some
new
books.
她已经买了些新书。
（表示之后会看）
4
）
We've
just
cleaned
the
classroom.
我们刚好打扫了教室。
（表明现在教室是干净的）

的

这里的
have
／
has
是助
动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用
has
，其余人称
一律用
have
。
has
，
have
的缩略式分别为
's
或
've
。 规则动词过去分词的
构成与过去式的构成方式一样，
不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。
2.
否定式：
词

主语＋助动词
have
／
has
＋
not
＋过去分词＋其它

【例题精讲】
1) I
havent been in Shanghai for 10 years 2) My grandpas hasnt been to Hong
Kong.
3) I
haven't
finished
my
homework
yet.
我还没有完成我的作业。
4
）
She hasn't travelled on a train.
她没有坐火车旅行过。
5
）
We have never
spoken
to
a
foreigner.
我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

时

有时
not
可以用

never
代替，表示

从来没有

的意思。
6
）
I have never seen him before
．以
前我从来没有见过他。

词

现在完成时构成否定句时，
只需在助动词
have
／
has
后面加
not
就行。
have not
，
has not
的缩略式分别为
haven't
，
hasn't
。
另外，
肯定句中有
some
，
already
时，
改为否定时要分别改成
any
，
yet
。
3.
一般疑问式：
词

助动词
Have
／
Has
＋主语＋过去分词＋其它

的

把陈述句中
的
have
或

或
has
放到句首，
句末打问号，
同时把句中的
some
，
already
改
为
any
，
ye
t
就构成了一般疑问句。
肯定回答用
Yes
，
主语＋
have
／
has
．
否
定回答用
No
，
主语＋
haven't
／
hasn't
．

有时也可以用
No
，

，
not
yet
．
／
No
，
never
．／
No
，
not
even
once
．

等。

【例题精讲】
1
）
Have
you
ever
made dumplings
？你曾经做过饺子吗？
Yes
，
I have
．是的，我做过。


2
）
Has she ever been abroad
？她曾经出过国吗？
No
，
never
．不，从来没有。

3
）
Have they found the lost books yet
？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？
Yes
，
they have
．是的，他们找到了。

词

当句子中有否定词
not
，
hardly
（几乎
不）
，
never
的时候，
在改为反意疑问句时，
附加部分用肯定形式。
例如：
You
have
never
come
to
our
school
，
have
you
？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？

理

【知识梳理
2
】过去分词的构成方法
A:
规则变化
1.
一般情况下，直接在
动词原形后面加
ed. worked answered obeyed wanted 2.
以不发音的
-e
结尾
的动词只加
d. moved hoped divided 3.
字尾是辅音
+y
的动词。则将
y
改

i
加
ed.
studied tidied satisfied
4 .
以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末
尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加
ed. stopped
regretted dropped B
：
不规则变化
（详见不规则变化表）

动词原形

过去式

过去分词
be was been have/has had had do did done read read read write
wrote written make made made take took taken see saw seen say said said
speak spoke spoken buy bought bought give gave given eat ate eaten come
came come go went gone
理

【知识梳理
3
】现在完成时的用法

基本用法：表
示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对 现在造成的影响或结果。
此时，
常与时间副
词
already
（已 经）
，
yet
（还、已经）
，
ever
（曾经）
，
never
（从不）等连用。


1
）
现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，
而对现在有影响。
eg.
The
car
has
arrived.
车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone
has
broken
the
window.
有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：
窗户仍破着）

区别：
have
been
to,
have
gone to, have been in have been to,
表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来
了
have
gone
to
表示去了，
但还没有回来，
也许是在去的途中
have
been
in
指
的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在

【例题精讲】

例如：你以前去过北
京么？

例如：
A: Is at home? B: No,he is not
in,
（
他去香港了）
【
巩固练习】

用
have(has)
been
或
have(has)
gone
填空。
A:
Where
____________
Li
Fei
___________?
B:
He
____________
to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He
_____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you
know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the
way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A:
How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He
_____________ there only once. 2
）现在 完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，
持续到现在，
也许还会持续下去。
常用
for
和
since
表示一段时间的状语或
so
far
，
now
，
today
，
this week (month
，
year)
等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。

【例题精讲】
He
has
studied
English
for
5
years. He
has
studied
English
since
2001. Now
I
have
finished
the
work.
【巩固练习】
Exercise:
用

since
和
for
填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has
been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia
______15
days.
4.
Mary
is
in
her
office.
She
has
been
there
______
7
o'clock.
5. India has been
an independent
country ______1974.
6. The bus
is late.
They've
been
waiting ______
20
minutes.
7.
Nobody
lives
in
those
houses.
They
have
been
empty
______
many
years.
8.
Mike
has
been
ill
______a
long
time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
注意：表示短暂时间动
作 的词，如
:come
，
go
，
die
，
marry
，
buy
等的完成时不能与
for
，
since
等表
示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如
live
，
study
，
be
，
wait
等，
常和
since
（自从）
或
for
（经历）
引导的词语连用。

如：
I have lived here for more than thirty years.
我已在此住了
30
多年。


由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive
be
here begin(start)be
on
die
be dead come back be back leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep) be
ill(sick, asleep) get up be up go out be out finish be over put on wear
或

或
be on open be open join be in
或

或
be a member of close be closed
go
to
school
be
a
student
borrow
keep
buy
have catch(a
cold)
have(a
cold)
get to know know begin to study study come to wo 3
）常见时间副词的用
法

◆
already
意为

已经

，
通常用于肯定句中，
可放在助动词 之后，
过去分词
之前，也可以放在句末。
1
）
I've already read this book.
我已经读过这本
书了。

【分析】

读

这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是

知道书中的内
容

。
2
）
I've washed my clothes already
．我已经洗了衣服。

【分析】洗衣
服的动作已完成，
其结果是

衣服冼干净了

。

◆
yet
用在疑问句中意为

已经

，
用在否定句中意为

还

，常放在句末。
1
）
Has he found his watch yet
？他
已经找到他的手表了吗？
No
，
not
yet
．
不，
还没有。
2
）
The
woman
hasn't
found
her dog yet
．

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对
现在的影响）

◆
ever
意为

曾经

，
用于疑问句或否定句中，
放在助动词与过
去分词之间。
1
）
Have you ever been to Hong Kong
？你曾去过香港吗？
2
）
I haven't ever spoken to her
．我未曾和她说过话。

◆
never
意为

从来没
有与

常与
before
连用（
before
要放在句尾，而
never
多放在助动词与过去
分词之间。


I
have
never
travelled
by
plane
before
．
我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

【巩
固练习】

一、用适当的时态填空
1. __________ they__________ (be) to the
U.S.? Yes,
they
have.
2.
I__________
already__________
(buy)
three
books
in
the
bookshop
nearby. 3.
My
grandpa__________
never__________
(be)
to
that farm. 4. __________ he ever__________ (read) this book? 5.
She__________ _________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 6. Both of
them
___________
__________
(be)
in
Hong
Kong
for
ten
days.
7.
The
Smiths
arent
at
home,
are
they? No,
they__________
__________
(go)
to
Sichuan,
their hometown.
二、

单项选择

择
1. How long have you _______ here? A.
come B.
got C.
arrived D.
been
2.
My
grandpa
died
_________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I
was
2. D.
my
age
was
6.
3.
Jane
has
_____
to
BeiJing.
She
will
come
back
tomorrow.
A.
been B.
gone C.
went D.
never
been
4.
It
is
ten
years
_____
I
last
saw
her.
A.
after B.
since C.
for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I
will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had
met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____
it? --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are,
having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She
and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have
become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China
for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? --
Sorry.
He
______
the
Bainiao
Park.
A.
has
been
to B.
has
gone
to C.
went to D. will go to 10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes,
twice.

A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going Keys:
1. Have, been 2. have, bought 3. has, been 4. Has, read 5. has
lived 6. have been 7. have gone 1-5DCBBB 6-10DCCBB
为

（此部分
测试时间为
20
分钟左右，
讲评时间为
15
分钟左右。
对本次所学内容进行检测）

教学建议：
1
．

规定学生必须在
20
分钟内完成；
2
．

相互交换批改，表扬速
度最快及正确率最高的学生；
3
．

做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；
4
．

让每个
学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。
5
．

指导学生把错题整理在学
霸错题本上。
I.
Multiple
Choices
1. Both
his
parents
look
sad
.Maybe
they
_________what's happened to him
.
A. knew B. have
known
C. must
know
know
2. Zhao
Lan
______already
______in
this
school for two years . A. was studying B. will study
C. has studied D.
are studying
3. Harry Potter is
a very nice
film .I_______ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C.
saw D. see 4. It _____ ten years since he left the
army . A. is B. has C. will D. was 5.
Miss Green isn't in the office . She_______ to the library . A.
has
gone B.
went C.
will
go D. has
been
6.
My
parents
______
Shandong
for ten years
.
A. have been in B.
have been to C. have gone to D. have been 7. Where ______
John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour. A.
hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent
8. I _______ the way.
I ________ here
for quite many
years. A. knewhave
lived B. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive 9. _____
you ever _____ America? Yes, I have.

A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in
10. My
brother
____college
for
over
three
years.
A.
has
gone
to B.
has
been
to C.
has
been
in D.
has
been
at II.
Choose
the
best
answers. Mr. and Mrs. White have three daughters. They are Alice, Kitty
and
Rose.
Rose
is
the
youngest
of
the
three
daughters. She
is
two
years
younger than Alice. Alice
is thirteen. She
and Kitty are
twins. They are
all pretty and lovely. They study in the same school. Their parents are
both doctors, but they don't work in the same hospital. They love their
daughters very much. The Whites all like fruit, but they don't like the