三级钢动词不定式与现在分词的区别

2021年1月24日发(作者：clerks)
一、动词不定式与
-ING
分词的区别



1.
作宾语时，
-ING
分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则 表示
某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作

I like playing football.
I would like to play football this afternoon.

1) The school cannot tolerate






on exams.
［
A
］

cheating
［
B
］

to cheat
［
C
］

be cheated
［
D
］

being cheated

2) News of success keeps




in.
［
A
］

pouring
［
B
］

to pour
［
C
］

poured
［
D
］

to be pouring

3) Long
［
A
］

before the dawn
［
B
］

of recorded
［
C
］

history, humans celebrated to harvest
［
D
］

their crops.

2.
作定语时，
-ING
表示正在进行的动作，
用-ING
的完成时表示动作的完成；
不定式表示未
来发生

4) We were overjoyed at the news of China



another man-made satellite.
［
A
］

having launched
［
B
］

to have launched
［
C
］

to launch
［
D
］

launched

5) The applicants interviewing
［
A
］

are required to
［
B
］

bring all the necessary papers
［
C
］

two days later
［
D
］
.

6) Sorghum(
高梁
) leaves
［
A
］

occasionally contain
［
B
］

enough hydrocyanic acid killing
［
C
］

livestock(
牲畜
)
［
D
］

.

3.
当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用
-ING
分词作宾语

It's beginning to snow you.

It starts raining.


I'm considering how to go(where to go, what to do).

I considered emplying but decided that was more suited to the job.



4.
在
remember,forge t
等词后，如果跟
-ING
分词，表示
-ING
分词的动作发生在主 要谓语之
前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后

I remember telling her that last night. (
“告诉”发生在“记得”之前
)

He remembered to tell her that when she came back. (
“记得”发生在“告诉”之前
)

I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (
主语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表示的
动作“给带口信”之前
)


Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot giving the message last night. (-ING
分词示 的动作
“给
带口信”发生在谓语动词表的动作“忘记”之前
)



5. stop, go on
和
leave off
之后跟接动词不定式和
-ING
分词所表达的意义有所不同

They stopped (talking) to work.
［停下
(
其他动作
)
来工作］

They stopped working.
［停下工作
(
来干其他动作
)
］

Workers went on discussing the problem.
［工人继续讨论这一问题］

Workers went on to discuss the problem.
［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］

He left off writing.
［他停下写作
(
去干其他事
)
］

He left off to write.
［他停下
(
其他事
)
来写作］


6.
…

used to
后跟不定式和
-ING
分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是
used to
是固定用法
表示
“过去经常干……”
；
另外一种情况是
use
的被动词态
“
be used
”
后跟不定式；
后跟< br>-ING
分词的情况有一种，那就是当
used to
中的
used< br>是形容词时，
to
后跟名词或
-ING
分词

7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.
［
A
］

has worked
［
B
］

had worked
［
C
］

had been worked
［
D
］

used to work

8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.
［
A
］

get used to
［
B
］

get to
［
C
］

get over
［
D
］

get on with
9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging
［
A
］

in the crisp morning
［
B
］

air during
［
C
］

the winter
months
［
D
］

, but now he has stopped.

7.
一般情况下，
for
后边跟接
there to be,
而
of
后边则跟接
there being
10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others
who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.
［
A
］

to be
［
B
］

being
［
C
］

to have been
［
D
］

having been

8. be
＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用
-ING
It is very difficult to manage the company.

二、
-ING
分词与
-ED
分词的区别

虽然在语 法功能上，
-ED
分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与
-ING
分词相同，但 在意义上
两者有差别：
-ING
分词表示主动的意义，而
-ED
分词 则表示被动的意义；
-ING
分词表示一
般性的或正在进行的动作，
而
-ED
分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。
在表现形式上，
-ING
分词有 “一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而
ED
分词只有一种形式。
下边我们分析
-ING
分词与
-ED
分词在语法功用上的区别。

1.
作表语时，
-ING
分词表示主语所具有的特征而
-ED分词表示主语所处的状态

The book is quite interesting.

I am insteredted in the book very much.


he play is more exciting than any I have ever seen.


That piece of land lay deserted.

2.
作状语时-ING
分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而
-ED
分词则表示主语发生动作的背 景
或情况

1) In his movies
，
W. C. Fields was always at war with the world
，

.
［
A
］

battling both people and objects
［
B
］

both people and objects were battled
［
C
］

he was battling both people and objects
［
D
］

both people and objects that were battled
13) Having been served lunch
，

.
［
A
］

the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
［
B
］

the committee members discussed the problem
［
C
］

it was discussed by the committee members the problem
［
D
］

a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee



12) for her anthropological research
，
Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation
for Mental Health.



［
A
］

She is noted primarily
［
B
］

Noted primarily
［
C
］

Primarily is noted
［
D
］

She primarily noted
14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today
，

.
［
A
］

a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
［
B
］

Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
［
C
］

a number of Sonia Sanchez
’
s books and plays have been written
［
D
］

there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez