kindergarten高一英语必修二unit 3 语法 现在完成时的被动语态

2021年1月24日发(作者：果子)
现在完成时的被动语态

一、结构：
have / has been done
二、用法：
1
）表示到现在为止已经完成的某个被动动作。




The
new
museum
has
already
been
completed(
完成
)
recently.
2
）表示某个被动动作在说话之前发生，但对现在造成影响




Your
son
has
been
sent
to
the
hospital,
so
you
needn’t
worry too much.
3
）表示过去已经开始 ，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的
某个被动动作，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用（如
for
，

since
）等，或者
so far, now, today, this week
等连用。

Computers have been widely used since the 1970s.
三、
副词的位置：
often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom
等副词置于
have/ has
与
been
中间

Such a man has hardly been believed.
四、并不是所有动词都有被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动
语 态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态
,
如
:
happen,
take
place
（发生）
, die, appear
（出现）
, disappear
（消失）
, remain,
last
（
持续）
, sit , break out
（
爆发）
, come true
（实现）
, belong
to
，
consist of
，
run out(
耗尽
)
等

但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，
相当于及
物

动词，也可以有被动语态。

但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不 可
丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。

如

look
after,
take
care
of
，
take
off
,
look
at,
send
for(
请
),
look up(
查词
), look down upon (
轻视
)
，
listened to

The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all
these years.
把下面的主动句变为被动句

1. We have completed all the preparations for the task, and
we’re ready to
start.
2. This company has produced new types of computers.
3. They have interviewed several teachers for the job.
4.
George
has
sent
some
texts
and
pictures
to
his
friend’s

cellphone.
5.
They
have
developed
some
programmes
for
the
human
resource department of their company.
主动句与被动句的特殊情况

一、含双宾语的被动

I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday.








直接宾语



间接宾语

——
The book was given to Mr. Smith (by me) yesterday.
——
Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me)
1
）

give sb. sth/

give sth. to sb.






sb be given sth.







sth be given to sb.
2
）

bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.






sb. be brought sth.






sth. be brought to sb.
3
）

tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb.




sb. be told sth.





sth. be told to sb.
4
）
buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb.




sb be bought sth.




sth. be bought for sb.
二、不带
t o
的不定式在变为
被动
语态时要
还原
to
，
包括感
官动词（
see, watch, hear
等）和使役动词（
make, let, have
）

1
）
I heard her cry last night.
→


She was heard to cry last night.
2
）
The boss makes them work all day and all night.
→

They are made to work all day and all night.
三、
当主动句 的宾语是
that
引导的宾语从句，
可转换为两种
形式的被动句。

People believe that he is an honest boy.
→

方法
1)

把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，
同时把宾
语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。