丝虚拟语气用法归纳

2021年1月24日发(作者：tiredness)


























虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后
悔的语气，愿望以 及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实
现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现 为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出
现的情况。

虚拟语气的内容主 要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部
分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基 本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。

下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：


条件从句的谓语动词形式

主句谓语动词形式

would/could/might/should
have done
would/could/might/should
do
would/could/might/should
do
与过去事实相反的假设

had done
与现在事实相反的假设

did (was
→
were)
与将来事实相反的假设

did (was
→
were ) should do;
were to do
通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词
时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用
要求“各自为 政”
，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语
动词形式。

如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出
现了 好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”
。例如，从句是对过
去情况的 假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，
而主句要用
wo uld/could do
的形式。
当然，
也不是所有的
AB
配就是 合理的，
有时候在具体
语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们 是对什么情况的
假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为
是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒
注意时 间状语的暗示

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的
假设
)
2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.(
从句
是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设
)
3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (
从句和主句都是现在的假设
)
4. Had you followed the doctor
’
s suggestion, you would be fine now.(
从句是对过去的假设，
主句是对现在的假设
)

5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.(
从句是对过
去的假设，主句是对将来的假设
)
6. You didn
’
t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn
’
t be so tired now. (
从句是
对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设
)
7. If Jack hadn
’
t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (
从句是对过去的假设，
主句
是对现在的假设
)
8. If Lily didn
’
t attend today
’
s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company
next week. (
从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设
)
9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now.

(
从句是对
过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设
)
10. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (
从句是对现在的假设，主句
是对将来的假设
)
虚拟语 气在
if
引导的条件状语从句中，特别注意虚拟语气与倒装的结合，前提是省略
if< br>，这种情况多见于过去和将来的假设，具体表现是将
if
省略，把
had, were, should
之类词
语提前构成倒装。例如：

Were I you, I would go.
Should it happen, what should you do?
Had he recognised me, he would have come over.
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以
if
引
导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的 词语有
without, but for, otherwise, or
等等，此时我们可 以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间
(
考试时
多数情况是对过去的假设
)
。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university.
（过去）

Without water, all lives would die.
（现在）

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party.
（过去）

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off.
（过去）








虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有
should +V
的用法，
这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相
关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语 从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语
之类的从句。这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有
advise,
suggest,
insist,
order,
require,
recommend,
command
以及相关名词等 等。记忆口诀：一个坚持
(insist)
，两个命令
(order,
command)
，
三个建议
(suggest,
advise,
recommend)
，四
个要求
(ask,
require,
demand,
request)
。

1.
宾语从句的虚拟语气


He insisted that the meeting be put off.
The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.
He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2.
表语从句的虚拟语气

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.
3.
同位语从句的虚拟语气

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.
4.
主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在
It
做形式主语的三种情况：

It
’
s +p.p +that
；

It
’
s
+ adj. +that
；

It
’
s + n. +that
常用的动词
recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command
常
用
的
形
容
词
important,
necessary,
right,
advisable,
natural,
strange,
surprising,
regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential
常用的名词
duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思

It
’
s important that you should take the medicine.
It
’
s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.
It
’
s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.
It
’
s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.

It was suggested that he should join the club activities.