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维护初中语法之虚拟语气

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2021-01-24 10:24
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2021年1月24日发(作者:quantity什么意思)
初中英语语法中考精品总复习教案

虚拟语气


1
)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是
事实,或与事实相反。虚 拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。

2
)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为 非真实条件句。非真实条件
句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。



1.
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:

条件从句

主句

shall/will
+



句型



一般现在时

祈使句



动词一

现在





例如:
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
如果他来,会带小提琴来的。



典型例题



The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.


A.

will rain


B. rains


C. rained


D. is rained


答案
B
。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。

注意:

1
)在真实条件句中,主句不能用
be going to
表示将来,该用
shall, will.



(错)

If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.



(对)

If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2
)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用
shall

will


+
动词原形,而直接用一般
现在时的动词形式。




2.
非真实条件句


1
)虚拟语气可以表示 过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后
推移。

a.
与现在事实相反的假设

条件从句


主句


1
/
7







be

should

would
)等
+
动词原
were




例如:
If they were here, they would help you.
如果他们在这儿,
会帮助你的。

含义:
They are not here, they can’t help you.

b.
与过去事实相反的假设

条件从句

过去完成时

主句

should

would
)等
+
have+

去分词







例如:
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
如果
他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。











含义:
He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c.
表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想

条件从句

一般过去时

were+
不定式

should+
动词原形







例如:
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
如果你将来成功了,
一切都会好的。












If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义:
You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.




3.
混合条件句


有时,
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,
主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式
因时间 不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:



If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天
问过他,今天就知道做什么了。



(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。




If it had rained last night
(过去)
, it would be very cold today
(现在)
.
如果昨
晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。


2
/
7


主句

should/would


+
动词原形




4.
虚拟条件句的倒装




虚拟条件句的从句部分含有
were,
should,

had

,
可省略
if
,再把
were,
should

had
移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:




Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help
us.
他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。




Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you
would have met him.
你来得早一点,就碰到他了。




Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be
saved.
假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。

注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词
'be'
的过去时态一律用

,不用
was

即在从 句中
be

were
代替。例如:




If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。




If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,
一切都会好的。



典型例题




_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I



B. I were

C. Were I

D. Was I

答案
C.
在虚拟条件状语中如果有
were,
should,
had
这三个词,通常将
if
省略,
主语提前
,
变成

were,
should,
had
+
主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从
句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如 我们可说

Were
I
not to do,
而不能说

Weren't I to do




5.
特殊的虚拟语气词
should

1
)在主语从句中的应用

It
is
demanded
/
necessary
/
a
pity
+
that…
等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用
should
加动词原形,
should
可省略。











可用的词有三类

It
is
suggested,
ordered,
required,
proposed,
demanded,
requested, insisted


important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange



3
/
7


that

should

do

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