负债高中英语虚拟语气教案

2021年1月24日发(作者：vic)

虚拟语气


情况


与现在
事


实
相反

从句


的动
词

动词的过去
式动词一律
(be

were)
用

主句


的动词


例句

would/could/should/might

If I had time
，
I would attend your party.
如果我
＋动词原形

有时间，
我就去参加你的宴会了。

If I saw him
now
，
I would be very happy.

如果我现在见到
他，我会很高兴的。

与过


去事

实
相反

had
＋过去


分词

would/could/should/might

You didn't let me we had driven in turn
，
＋过去分词＋
have

you wouldn't have got so tired.
你当时不让我开
车。如果我们轮流开，你就

不会觉得那么累
了。

与将来

事实


相反

动词的过去
式；
should
＋
形；
原动词＋
动词
were to

原形

would/could/might/should

If it snowed/were to snow/should snow
＋动词原形

tomorrow
，
we would take photos.

如果明天下
雪，我们就照相。


注意：
(1)
若条件句中有
were
，
had
，
should
，可把< br>if
省略，而把
were
，
had
，
should
放在主
语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。

Had you taken my advice
，
you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
如果你听
了我的
建议，你就不会考试不及格了。

(2)
有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据 各
自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。

If you had worked hard
，
you would be very tired now.
如果你 真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。
(
从句指过去，主句指现在
)
(3)
有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时
态要依具体情况而定。

Without electricity(
＝
If there were no electricity)
，
life would be quite different
today.
如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。

But for your help
，
it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。

I was busy that ise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn't been
我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们
I would have gone there with them.)
，
busy that day
一起去那儿了。

1.(2010
·湖南卷
)If he________my advice
，
he wouldn't have lost his job.
A
．
followed B
．
should follow
D
．
would follow
C
．
had followed
解析：

句意为：如果他
(
当时)
接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因
为
if
条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。

答案：
C
2
．
(2011
·厦门市质量检查
)
—
Thank you for reminding me of the time
，
or I ________late
yesterday.
—
Don't mention it.
A
．
should be B
．
would be
C
．
will have been D
．
would have been
解析：

考查虚拟语气。 从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词
would
＋完
成式。谢谢 你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。

答案：
D
3
．
(2011
·山东潍坊质检
)________more careful
，
the mistake would not have been made.
A
．
If he is B
．
Had he been
C
．
Should he be D
．
If he has been
解析：

从主句中的
would not have been made
可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句
谓语动词用
had been
的形式，又因助动词为
had
时，可将
if
省掉，
had
提 前，故
B
项正确。

答案：
B
(1)
在名 词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用
虚拟语气，形式为 ：
(should)
＋动词原形。常这样用的动词有：
advise
劝告，
demand
要求，
desire
渴望，
mand
命令，
insist
坚持，
prefer
宁愿，
urge
主张，
order
命令，
remend
推荐，
request
要求，
require
要求，
suggest
建议，以及这些词的名词形式。

Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill
，
and her parents suggested that she
(should)have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。


后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
(2)wish
表示对现在情况的虚拟：
wish
＋主语＋动词过去式或
were
表示对过去情况的虚拟：
wish
＋主语＋
had
＋过去分词

表示对将来情况的虚拟：
wish
＋主语＋
would
＋动词原形< br>
I wish she were here.
她在这儿就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我们一块去。

I wish she had taken my advice.
那时她要是听我的话就好了。

1.(2010
·福建卷
)Teachers remend parents________their children under 12 to ride
bicycles to school for safety.
A
．
not allow B
．
do not allow
D
．
couldn't allow C
．
mustn't allow
解析：

句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让
12
岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。
本题考查
虚拟语气用法。
remend< br>，
suggest
，
insist
，
order
，< br>request
，
advise
等表
“建议、
命令、
要求”
等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用
“
should＋动词原形”
，
should
可以
省略。

答案：
A
2
．
(2011
·山东潍坊质量抽样
)The order came that the medical supplies ________to
Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A
．
would be sent B
．
should send
C
．
be sent D
．
must be sent
解析：

当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词
(
如
order
，
suggest
，
mand
等
)
后面接从句
时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用
should
＋
do< br>，
should
可以省略。
order
后的同位语从句也用
虚 拟语气，故选
C
项。

答案：
C
(1)would rather
句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”
。

I'd rather we didn't go to see a film this evening.
我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。

(2)It is(hig h/about)time(that)
．
..
句型中的虚拟语气

在句型“
It is (high/about)time...
”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也

用“
should
＋动词原形”
，意为“该是……的时候了”
。
It is time (that)we went home.
我们该回家了。

(3)if only
引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气

在“
if
only
”引导 的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“
would/could
＋动词
原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊！

1.(2010
·合肥第三次教学检测
)
—
Sorry
，
Daddy.I am not getting on well with my
studies.
—
Well.________you hadn't wasted so much time playing online games.
A
．
As if B
．
Even if
D
．
Only if
C
．
If only
解析：

考查虚拟语气。句 意为：——爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。——哦，要是你不
把那么多的时间浪费在络游戏上就好 了。
if only(
但愿
)
接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。
as if
好像，
even if
即使，
only if
只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。

答案：
C
2. (2011
·青岛一模
)
—
My uncle suggests I________abroad.
—
I would rather you________at home.
A
．
go
；
stay B
．
went
；
stayed
D
．
went
；
stay
C
．
go
；
stayed
解析：
suggest
当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“
should
＋动词 原形”
，
should
可以省略。
would rather
后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。

答案：
C
1
．
(2010
·浙江卷
)Had I known about this puter program
，
a huge amount of time and
energy________.
A
．
would have been saved B
．
had been saved
C
．
will be saved D
．
was saved
句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考

解析：

查虚拟语气。
如果表示与过去事实相反的话，
条件句采用过 去完成时态
(
如果省略
if
可采用部分
倒装结构
)
，主句谓语动词应采用“
would
＋
have
＋过去分词”的结构，故答案 为
A
项。

答案：
A
2
．
(2010
·陕西卷
)If we________the other road
，
we might have arrived here in time
for the meeting.
A
．
take B
．
had taken
C
．
took D
．
have taken
解析：

句意为：如果我们走另一条 路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根
据句意及后边主句谓语
might
have
arrived
可知
if
从句表示与过去事实相反，故
if
从句的谓
语动词用过去完成时。

答案：
B
3
．
(2010
·北京卷
)
—
The weather has been very hot and dry.
—
it had rained even a drop
，
things would be much better now
！
And my
vegetables________.
A
．
wouldn't die B
．
didn't die
C
．
hadn't died D
．
wouldn't have died
解析：

句意为：——现在天气变得又热又干。——是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好
很多！我 的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中
If
引导的从句为过去完成时，是对
过去事情的虚拟，主句却是
would do
，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析 清楚句
意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择
D
项。

答案：
D
4
．
(2009
·福建卷
)But for the help of my English teacher
，
I________the first prize
in the English Writing petition.
A
．
would not win B
．
would not have won
C
．
would win D
．
would have won
解析：

本题考查虚拟语气 用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中
获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法 ，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本

项。
B
句是
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为

答案：
B
5. (2009
·浙江卷
)The doctor remended that you________swim after eating a large
meal.
A
．
wouldn't B
．
couldn't
D
．
shouldn't C
．
needn't
解析：

句意为：
医生建议你不应该 在饱餐之后游泳。
remend
后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“
(shou ld)
＋
do
”
，故选
D
。

答案：
D
6. (2009
·安徽卷
)But for their help
，
we________the program in time.
A
．
can not finish B
．
will not finish
D
．
could not have finished
C
．
had not finished
解析：
句意为：
如果不是他们的帮助，
我们就不能及时完成这个项目。
根据句意，
选用
could
not
have finished
表示与过去相反。

答案：
D
7. (2009
·天津卷
)This printer is of good it______break down within the
first year
，
we would repair it at our expense.
A
．
would B
．
should
C
．
could D
．
might
解析：

句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中 表示将来
时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：
If it broke down/If it were to break
down/If it should break down
。

答案：
B