panorama大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

2021年1月24日发(作者：茴子白)
三级语法考点归纳

一．

虚拟语气

1. if
句中虚拟形式

if
引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）
：

条件














从句





















主句

与现在相反







did (be





were)



would/ should/ might/ could do
与将来相反







did (be





were)



would/ should/ might/ could do
与过去相反







had
done












would/
should/
might/
could
have
done
例句

If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.
If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into.

2.
原形虚拟：

a.
表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的
that-
分句中，用动词原形。

suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request,
desire …… that
＋
(should) do
例如

He suggested that we should leave early.


My suggestion is that we should tell him.
b. It is (was)
形容词
/
名词
that …… (should) do/

例如

It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.
3.
一些句型中的虚拟形式：

1
. It’s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that) …
动词过去时
…

例如

It’s time we left.



例如

It is time we went to bed.
2 would rather/sooner



宁愿



as if/ though









好像

would
rather/sooner












谓语用过去时









与现在或者将来相
反

as if/ though

















谓语用过去完成时





与过去相反

4
．练习

1. I _______ try it again if I_______you.
A.
will
；

am










B.
should
；

am







C.
would
；

were




D.
would
；

had been
2. If it _______ not for the water
，

the plants _______live.
A. were
；

would not



B. is
；

could not





C. were
；

could





D. did
；

could not
3.
If
I

_______
that
chance
to
show
my
ability,
I
_______the
president
of
this
school.
A. have not had
；

could not become




B. had not had
；

would not have
become

C. did not have
；

could not become




D. doesn
’
t have
；

will not become
4. He _______ by that burglar if you _______ to save him.
A. might have been killed
；

hadn
’
t come




B. will be killed
；

didn
’
t come
C. may be killed
；

did
’
t come













D. could be killed
；

haven
’
t come
5. If it _______for your help
，

I _______that hard time with so little money.
A. were not
；

would not spend














B. is not
；

can not spend
C.
had
not
been
；

would
not
have
spent







D.
have
not
been
；

will
not
spend
6. Where _______ you go if war _______?
A. will
；

breaks out






















B. do
；

will break out
C. would
；

were to break out














D. will
；

is to break out
7. She wishes she _______ that humiliating thing.
A. doesn
’
t do







B. didn
’
t do








C. haven
’
t done



D. hadn
’
t done
8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _______ put off.
A. can be








B. be










C. is












D. will be
9. It is vital that he _______ immediately.
A. should go





B. must go






C. goes











D. went

10. It is time we _______do our homework.
A. begin to






B. can begin to



C. began to







D. will begin to
答案：

1.
选
C< br>。表示与现在事实相反的假设
(
指现在的假设
) (
译文
;
如果我是你，我会再
试一次
)
2
选
A
。表示与现 在事实相反的假设
(
指现在的假设
)
。
(
译文：要是没有水 ，植物
就不能存活。
)
3.

选
B
。表示与过去事实相反的假设。

4 A
。表示与过去 事实相反的假设。
(
译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼
杀了。
)
5. C
。与过去事实相反的假设。
(
译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法 度过那段
艰苦岁月的。
)
6.
选
C
。
表示与将来 事实相反的假设。
(
译文：
要是战争爆发了，
你会上哪儿去？
) < br>7.
选
D
。
虚拟语气用于宾语从句。
(
译文：
她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。
)
8.
选
B
。虚拟语 气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。
(
译文：主席建议会议延
期举行。
)
9.
选
A
。虚拟语气用于主语从句
(It is
／

was +
形容词

+ that
引导的分句
)
。

10.
选
C
。虚拟语气用于定语从句
It is time (that)...
句型。
(
译文：我们该开始做作
业了。
)

二．动词的时态

1.
各个时态动词基本变形

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

现在完成进行时

be(is,am,are)
be
(is/am/are)+
have/has done
have/has been doing
do/does
doing
一般过去时

was/were
did
一般将来时

will do
过去进行时

was/were doing
将来进行时

will do
过去完成时

had done
过去完成进行时

had been doing
将来完成

将来完成进行时

will have done
will
have
been
doing
过去将来完成时

过去将来完成进行时

would have done
would
have
been
doing
一般过去将来时

过去将来进行时

would do
would be doing
2.
时间状语与动词时态的搭配

一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。

always ,usually, sometimes,












一般现在时






do/does








am
is are
last
week,
yesterday,
a
few
days
ago





一
般
过
去
时






did












was/ were

next week, tomorrow, in a week, this year

一般将来时





will do
now, at present, at this moment










现在进行时




be +doing
so far, up to now, by the time, since
的主句



现在完成时



has/have done
3.
练习，用动词的适当形式填空

1. He _______ (be) eighteen next year.
2. It _______ (rain) every day so far this month.
3. Mozart _______ (write) more than 600 pieces of music.
4. If it _______ (rain) tomorrow
，
we
’
ll have to stay at home.
5. How fast _______ he _______ (drive) when the accident happened?
6. By the time Mr. Smith left school
，
he _______ (teach) that course for twenty-five
years.
7. Perhaps he _______ (finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.

1.
填
will be
。

next year
为表示将来时态的时间状语


2.
填
has rained
。
so far
是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。

3.
填
wrote
。
Mozart (
莫扎特
)
是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。

4.

填
rains
。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。

5.

填
was...driving
。

表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。

6.
填
had taught
。句中有
by the time Mr. Smith left school
，主语的谓语应用过去
完成时。

7.
填
will have finished
。

句中有
by this time tomorrow
，主语的谓语应用将来完
成时。


三

动词的被动语态

1.
各个时态的被动语态

时
一般现在
现在进行
一般
过去进
一般将
过去将现在
过去
现在完
将来完成时

态

时

时

过去
行时

来时

来时

完成
完成
成进行
时

时

时

时

主
动

do
am/is/are
did
doing
was/
were
doing
will
would
has/
had
do
do
have
done
done
has/
have
been
doing

will have
been done

will have
done
被
am/is/are
am/is/are
was/
was/
will
would
has/
had
being
were
were
be
be
have
been
动

done
done
done
being
done
done
been
done
done
done
1. The construction of the library_______ before the end of next month.
A. must have completed








B. must have been completed
C. must be completed










D. must complete



2. The subject of these lectures _______ by the lecture committee.
A. announces


















B. have been announced
C. announced


















D. has been announced
3. My pictures _______ until next week.
A. won
’
t develop





B. aren
’
t developing
C. don
’
t develop





D. won
’
t be developed
4. They _______ so that we wouldn
’
t recognize them.
A. costumed



B. disguised




C. were disguising


disguised

5. All the apparatus (
器械
) _______ before the experiment began.
A. had been prepared

B. were prepared




C. had been prepared




D.
had prepared
6. The world
’
s supplies of copper _______ .
A. have been gradually being exhausted





B. has gradually exhausted
C. are gradually exhausted




D. are being gradually exhausted
7. The goods _______ when we arrived at the airport.
A. were just unloading














B. were just being unloaded



C. had just unloaded


















D. were just been unloaded







8. Tom _______ the best student in his class.
A. regards





B. regards as





C. has regarded as



D.
is
regarded as
9. The sports meeting _______ because of the bad weather.
A. put off







B. was put off







C. was putted off






D. has put
off
1. C
。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词
+b e+done
。
(
译：到下月底图书馆的修建
必须完工
)
2.
D
现在完成时的被动语态为：
have been+done (
译：
讲座的课题已由讲座委员会
宣布了。
)
3.
D
。
一般将来时的被动语态为：
will be+done
，
其否定形式为：
will not be +done

4.
D
一般过去时的被动语态为
was/were+
过去分词
(
译
:
为了不让我们认出来
,
他们
伪装了起来
)
5.
C
。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：
had been+
过去分词。

6.
D
现在进行时的被动语态为：
are/is/am being+
过去分词。
(
译
:
世界的铜资源正
逐渐被耗尽
)
7.
B
。过去进行时的被动语态为：
was
／
were b eing+
过去分词。
(
译
:
我们到机场时
正在卸货物。< br>)

8.
D
。

(
译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。
)
9. B
。
(
译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。
)

四

定语从句

1.
定语从句（
Attributive Clauses
）在句中做定语， 修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰
的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，由关系词（ 关系
代词或关系副词）引出。


关系代词有：
who, whom, whose, that, which
等。


关系副词有：
when, where, why
等。

例题：
The
Social
Security
Retirement
Program
is
made
up
of
two
trust
funds
，
_______ could go
penniless by next year.
A. the large one






B. the larger of which
C. the largest one




D. the largest of which
选
B。因为前面有
two
，所以不能选
D
，

A
没有连接手段，也不能选。

三级试题中定语从句的考题：




1
、
I tried to get of the business _____ I found impossible to carry on.








A) why


B)which


C)what


D)where



2
、
Once more I have to leave Beijing , _____ I have been living for eight years.







A) that



B)where


C)which


D)as



3
、
This book is designed for the leaners_____native languages are not English.







A)whose


B)which


C)who


D)what



4
、
She got to know the young man very well_____she had worked for so long.







A)to whom


B)in whom

C)whom

D)with whom



5
、
The hotel_____during the vacation was rather poorly managed.







A)as I stayed

B)where I stayed

C)which I stayed


D)what I stayed



6
、
There are so many dresses there that I really don
’
t know____to choose.







A)whether


B)when



C)which



D)why



7
、
I think that Anna is_____far the most active member in our group.







A)with





B)at




C)as




D)by

五．倒装

1.
当
only
放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装

例：
Only in this way can you solve this problem.


只有用这种方法，你才可以解
决这个问题。

Only yesterday did I finish the book.














到昨天我才读完那本书。

2.
具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装。常见的否定词有：
never,
seldom,
rarely,
little,
hardly,
not
until,
by
no
means,
not
only,
neither,
no
sooner,
hardly
等。

例句：
Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.

1
、
Olny when we had finished all the work_____that it was too late to take a bus
home.






A)did we realize




B)informing




C)informed




D)to inform



2
、
Not until the day before yesterday_____to give a speech at the meeting.






A)he agreed







B)does he agree




C)he agrees




D)did he agree



3
、
Young_____he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.






A)that





B)who




C)as





D)which



4
、
Not
until
yesterday_____anything
about
the
project
that
will
be
completed
soon.






A)did I learn




B)have I learnt




C)I learnt






D)that I learnt



5
、
He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_____frightened.






A)he has ever felt





B)he ever feels




C)ever does he feel



D)has
he ever felt



6
、
So_____after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that
night.






A)excited the mother was



















B)was the mother excited







C)the mother was excited



















D)excited was the mother



7
、
So loudly_____that people could hear it out in the street.






A)did the students play the music














B)the students playing the
music






C)the
students
played
the
music















D)have
the
students
played the music

六．
it
的用法


作形式主语或者形式宾语

It is necessary for us to learn English.

it
这里指代
to learn English
It was not very clear what she meant.

it
这里指代

what she meant
2. it
在强调句型

强调句型的结构为：


It is/was +
被强调部分
+ that(who) +
句子的其余部分

练习
1.
It
was
only
when
I
read
his
poems
recently
_______
I
began
to
appreciate
their beauty.
A. until


B. that


C. then


D. so
选
B
。

强调句型强调
when
引导的时间状语从句。

was about 600 years ago _______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was
made.
A. that


B. until


C. before


D. when
选
A
。

强调句型强调时间状语。


七．形容词比较级




















比较级

















最高级

1.
不规则变法







good/well










better

















best
bad















worse

















worst
many/much









more

















most
little















less


















least
2.
形容词比较级结构

(1)
形容词
+than






















例句：
Real friendship is more valuable
than
money.
(2)
the
+
形容词比较级，
the
+
形容词比较级


例句：
The
more
medicine I take