长方形初中英语虚拟语气

2021年1月24日发(作者：遛弯儿)
初中英语虚拟语气


英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

条件句可分
为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或 实际可能性不大的情
况，故采用虚拟语气。


如果假设的情况可能发生，< br>是真实条件句，
这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。
如：

If time permits, we'll go fishing
together.



如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，
则是虚拟条件句。
如：

If you had come yesterday, you would
have met that famous professor.
（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

1.
含有条件状语从句的复合句


wish
（
would rather
）
+
宾语从句


suggest
（
…
）
+
宾语从句


2.
主

语从句
It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do
表

语

从句
S+is that +s + (should) +do
同位语从句
S+that +s +(should) +do

3.
定语从句
It is (high) time that + S + did

I.
含有条件状语从句的复合句
(
以
do
为例
; S=
主语
)
时间条件状语从句




主

句

与现在事实相反的假设
If
+S+did…



S+would/should/could/might+do…

与过去事实相反的假设
If +S+had
done…


S+would/should/could/might+have
done…

与将来事实相反的假设

did…

If+S should do


S+would/should/could/might+do…





were to do

注意事项：

1
．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词
had
，
should
，
were
时，可以省去
If
，把功能词提 前，构成倒装句。

2
．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语 形式应根据具体情况而定。

3
．
If there weren't/had not been
+…=without…

4
．
If it were not
for…/
If it hadn't been
for…=
but
for…

5
．
otherwise+
虚拟语气的句子

6
．虚拟语气的句子，
but+
陈述事实的句子








虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一 种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。

一．一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列
3
种：




语境

1.
与
现
在
事
实
相反

条件从句

主句


例子

If
John
had
the
time,
he
would
make
a
trip
to

China to see the Great Wall.
would/should/could/might
+
If
I
were
you,
I
would
give
up
drinking
do(
动词原形
)

immediately.


一
般
过
去
式
：
were/did

2.
与
将
来
事
实
相反

If you should lose, what would you do?
(1).
should+
动
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the
词原形

would/should/could/might
+
truth.
(2).
一般过去式：
do
（动词原形）

were/did

If you went there next time, you would see what I

mean.

(3)
、
were
to+
动词
原形

过去完成时：
had+
过去分词

would/should/could/might+
have done


If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David
3.
与
过
去
事
实
相反


二
.
、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.
虚拟语气的倒装：

将
if
去掉，谓语动词提前。

如：
If I were you, I would give up drinking.
=
Were I you, I would give up drinking.

If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David.
= Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.
2.

有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

（
if
从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。）

If I were you, I would have gone home.

（
if
从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。）



三．虚拟语气的其他用法

1
、
Suggest, advise
等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

suggest, advise, recommend, demand,

require, insist, urge, request, order,






+that…(should )+
动词原形

ask, move, propose
等

注意：在此结构中
that
不可省略；
should
省不省均可。

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时，
that
引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
注意：

* insist
有两个意思，当表示“坚持让 某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时，
that
从句用虚拟，如：
He insists that
we (should) go home now.
当表示“坚持某种说法”时，
that
从句用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.
*suggest
也有两个意思，当 表示
“建议”
时，
that
从句用虚拟语气，
如：
I suggest that we should go home now.
当表示“暗示”时，
that
从句用陈述语气。

如：
All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.
所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。



2
、
It is (was )+necessary, a pity
等
+that
引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：











imperative, advisable,






















动词完成式

It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that…
(should)

+
essential, strange,
等


























动词原形








It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.

It is right that you should have done your homework.


3
、
wish
的用法

主句谓语动词

that
从句谓语动词

例子

现在的愿望：
wish/wishes
过去的愿望：
wished
对将来的愿望：
wish/wishes
一般过去式
:did
或
were


过去完成式
:had done


would/could +
动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you.
我希望和你一
样高。

I
wished
I
had
never
stopped
teaching.



(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
我希望明天
下雨就好了。

注意：
wish
与
ho pe
接宾语从句的区别在于：
hope
表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气 。
wish
表示很难或不大可能实现的希望
,
宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（
1
）

We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)

（
2
）

We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)

4
、
as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)
引导的从句须用虚拟语气
，如：




He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn’t tell him.


5
、
It’s (high) time that…+
动词过去式或
should+
动词原形
，如：

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.

It’s high time (that) we took some action
.



虚拟语气练习题

(



)1. If you were old enough, I ________ you to go there yesterday.


A. will allow

B. should allow


C. would have allowed
(



)2. The secretary suggested that they ________ the men in at once.


A. had brought
B. should have brought
C. brought


(



)3. __________I you, I would go with him to the party.


A. Was

B. Had been


C. Will be


(



)4. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your class.


A. will happen

B. happens



C. should happen

(



)5. How I wish I ________ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.


A. had tried

B. hadn't tried


C. have tried


D. had allowed
D. bring
D. Were
D. happened
D. didn't try