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虚拟语气
一．一般虚拟条件句
(1)
与现在事实相反
——
If I were you, I wouldn
’
t worry.
——
If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage
to you.
那么，
虚拟语气现在时的句型为
：
从句
：
If +
主语
＋
动词过去式
(be
变
were) +
…
主句
：主语
＋
would (should ,could ,might ) +
动词原
形＋
…
(2)
与过去事实相反
——
If
you
had
gone
to
last
night
’
s
games,
you
would
have met him.
——
If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have
seen the accident.
那么，
虚拟语气过去时的结构是
：
从句
：
If
＋主语＋过去完成时
…
主句
：主语＋
should (
或
would,could,might) +
现在完成
时
…
(3)
与将来事实相反
——
If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the
dictionary he needs.
——
If
Mr.
Li
were
to
do
the
experiment
tomorrow,
he
might read the instructions carefully.
-
那么
虚拟语气将来时的句型是
：
从句
：
If+
主语＋
should (
或
were to )+
动词原形＋
…
主句
：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。
练习：
1.
I
f
this
report
were
more
accurate,
it
__________
an
invaluable document.
been
be
be
(D)
2.
I
_______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.
have been
be
been
(B)
3.
W
hat would you do if war _________ out.
break
broken out
D.
were
to break
(D)
二、
在
if
引导的虚拟条件句中，
若有
were, had, should
，
可省去
if,
将
were, had, should
提到主语前，形成倒装。
例如：
——
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell
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you.
——
Had
it
not
been
for
your
help,
we
would
not
have
achieved so much.
练习：
1. ____before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should
have a wonderful dinner party.
A)
Had
they
arrived
B)
Would
they
arrive
C) Were they arriving
D) Were they to
arrive
(D)
2. Had he worked harder, he____ the exams.
A)
must
have
got
through
B)would
have got through
C)
would
get
through
D)could
get
through
(B)
3.
_________
enter
university
one
day,
I
would
work
very
hard.
A)
Would
I
ever
B)
Ever
would
I
C)
Should
I
ever
D) Ever should I
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(C)
三
.
由
as if /as though
引导的从句中用过去时表示对现
在虚拟 ，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。例如：
——
Sammy
looks
as
though
he
never
got
a
square
meal, but in fact his parents feed him very well.(
用过去
式表与现在事实相反
)
——
He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.
(
用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实
)
——
The old woman held him as if she would never let
him go again.
(
用
would+
原形动词表与将来事实相反
)
练习：
1
．
The American young man speaks Chinese fluently as
if he________ a Chinese.
A)
is
B)were
C)has
been
D)had been
(B)
2
．
The garden looked as if it________ yesterday.
A)
wasn’t
watered
B)didn’t
water
C)
hasn’t
watered
D)hadn’t
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been watered
(D)
四．动词
wish
后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
——
I wish he were here now.
——
She wishes she would always remain young.
——
I
wish
you
had
not
hurt
Jim
so
much .
He
is
still
very depressed.
练习：
1.
I
wish
I____
longer
this
morning,
but
I
had
to
get
up
and come to class.
A)
had
slept
B)slept
C)might
have
slept
D)have slept
(A)
2
．
They
never
have
enough
resources
and
they
wish
they_______ more.
A) have
B)had
C)will have
D)have had
(B)
五．在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从
句的谓语用“
should
+
原形动词
”表示虚拟语气，
或省
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