腰椎虚拟语气句式

2021年1月24日发(作者：铅矿)

虚拟语气

一．

条件句中的虚拟语气











条件从句













主句

If +
主语

+ were




V-ed


主
语
+should
(would,
could,
might)+ do
主
语
+should
(would,
could,
might) + have done
主
语
+
should
(would,
could,
might) + do
与现在事实相反



与过去事实相反

If +
主语
+had done


If+
主语
+should +do



were to + do

与将来事实相反









If it weren
’
t for their support, we would be in a very difficult position
.
（与现
在事实相反）




I would certainly go if I had the time. (
与现在事实相反
)


If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
（与过去事实相反）



If I were to (should) do it, I would do it in a different way.
（与将来事实相
反）

另外，如果条件从句中包含有一个助动词、情 态动词、动词
be
或
have
，

有时可把
if
省略，但这时句子要倒装。



Had
we
made
(If
we
had
made)
adequate
preparations,
we
might
have
succeeded.



Should there be a flood, what should we do?





Were it not for their assistance, we couldn
’
t have got over the difficulties.
二．

名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1.

wish
后的宾语从句：宾语从句的引导词
that
常常省略
1
）对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反，表示对目前状况的一种愿
望）
，从句 用过去时或过去进行时（时间上是同时的）
。其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语
be用
were
，实义动词用过去时。例：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我希望知道这个答案。
（事实上是
不知道的）

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.
但愿我的家乡四
季如春。
（事实上不可能）
2
）对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反，表示对过去的事情表示遗
憾或后悔）
。从句的谓语用过去完成时，或
would / could / should +
现在
完成时。例：

I wish that I could have attended the concert last night. (
若
wish
并非过去形
式，则看时间状语
)
We wished he had spoken to us. (
事实上他并没同我们讲
) < br>3
）
对将来情况的虚拟
（表示对将要发生的事情的祝愿或愿望）
。从句

谓
语用“
would / should / could / might +
动词原形”

I wish it would stop raining. (
事实上雨还在下着呢
)
I wish you would be quiet. (
事实上那家伙还在吵着呢
)
2.

在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

此类动词后面的宾语从句用“
should
+
动词原形”
，但事实上
should
常


被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词如下：

表示“要求”
：
ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”
：
propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”
：
decide, order, command
表示“主张”
：
maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”
：
consent, insist
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight
The university requires that all its students take this course.
3.

在
exp ect
，
believe
，
think
，
suspect< br>等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从
句中的虚拟语气

在上述动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，经常用“
should +
动词
原形”
，表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.
4.

would rather
，
would sooner
，
had rather
，
would
（
just
）
as soon
，
would prefer
之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
, 谓语用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去
完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去 做的是的
懊悔”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening
5.

It is essential that
等主语从句结构中的虚拟语气

在
It is+
某些表示希 望、要求、建议、必要等含义的形容词或过去分词
+
主语从句的结构中，从句谓语动词用虚拟语 气。形式为动词原形或


should+
动词原形。
这类形容词或过去分词有：
essential, important, natural,
necessary,
possible,
probable,
preferable(
更可取的
),
strange,
urgent,
vital,
desirable(
极好的
), appropriate, better, advised, desired, demanded, ordered,
proposed, recommended, required, suggested
It is necessary that we have a walk now.
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
6.

It is a pity, it is a shame
等结构后的主语从句
,
用
should+
动词原形

It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
7.

It
’
s (about / high) time
后从句中的虚拟语气
,
常用过去时或
should +
动词
原形，意为“是
…
时候了”
。若出现
it was time,
则从句用
had done.
It is high time we did something to stop air pollution.
It was time we had done something to stop air pollution.
8.

advice
等名词后表语或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在一些表示建议、要求、命令、劝告等意义的名词之后的表语从句或同
位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚 拟语气。其形式为
:
原形动词或
should+
动词原形。这类名词有：
advice,
decision,
idea,
order,
plan,
proposal,
recommendation, suggestion, requirement, opinion, instruction
等。如：

My opinion is that we should change the plan right now.
The director left the order that nothing be touched until the police arrived.
9.

状语从句中的虚拟语气

1)

以
as
if
（
though
）引起的方式状语从句（谓语 形式与
wish
后的宾语从
句相同）
。其形式有三种：