盔甲中考考点之虚拟语气

2021年1月24日发(作者：园丁鸟)
成都戴氏教育三台总校

中考考点之虚拟语气

教学目标：
学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。











学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。

教学内容：

一、定义：
虚 拟语气：用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不是表客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条











件，而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。






e.g
：
If I were you, I would tell him the truth.





e.g
：
If I had a plane, I could fly to school every morning.












二、分类














If
条件句中的虚拟语气







虚拟语气



宾语从句中虚拟语气














其他情况的虚拟语气


1. If
条件句中的虚拟语气



e.g
：
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.






If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.






If it should /were to rain, we would call off the match.

与现在事实相反的假设

与过去相反的事实的假设


虚拟语气

If+
主 语
+
动词的过去式（
be
用
were
）

If +
主语
+had +
过去分词

1. If+
主语
+
动词过去式

2. If+
主语
+were to +
动词原形

3. If+
主语
+should+
动词原形

主句

主语
+should,
would,might,could+
动词原
形

主语
+should,
would,
might,
could+have
done
主语
+should, would, might, could+
动词原
形

与将来相反的事实的假设


与现在事实相反：



e.g
：
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.




If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.

与将来事实相反：



e.g
：
If you should lose, what would you do?






If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
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If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.

与过去事实相反：




e.g
：
If I’d known that
it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.


（
1
）在条件句中，可省略
if,
把
were, had, should,
提到句首，变为倒装句式。




e.g
：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.







Were I at school again, I would study harder.







If you had come earlier, you would have met him.







Had you come earlier, you would have not go climbing.







If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.






Had you asked me, I would have told you.



(=If you had asked me,…)


2.
宾语从句中的虚拟语气

（
1
）
Wish
后面的宾 语从句。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。主要有三种情况：


A.
表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。



e.g
：
I wish I had your brains.






我希望我有你那样的头脑。






I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)


B.
表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：
had + done


e.g
：
I wish I had known the truth of the matter.






我希望我那时就知道这件事的真相。
（事实是那时还不知道。
）







I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)


C.
表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：< br>should/would(
情态动词
)+
动词原形



e.g
：
I wish I should have a chance again.






我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。
（事实是很难再有的机会。
）





I wish they’d let us get some sleep


注意：
wish
与
hope
接宾语 从句的区别在于：
hope
表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈





述语气。
wish
表示很难或不大可能实现的希望< br>,
宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：


e.g
：
We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)

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We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)


（
2
）一想要（
desire);
一宁愿（
prefer
）
;
二命令（
order,common
）
;






三建议（
advise, suggest, propose/recommend);
四要求（
demand, require, request, ask, insist
）
，






无论是主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“
should + do
”
。
Should
可以省略。




e.g
：
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.







They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.



注意：
suggest
当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，
insist
表示“坚持认为”之意，应用陈述语气。



e.g
：
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.






The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

3.
其他情况的虚拟语气

（
1
）
It is (high/about) time that...
表示：
“早该做某事了”
，从 句中的谓语动词用过去式或
should +
动词原





形，
should
不能省略。



e.g
：
It is high time that you did/should do sports.


It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.



It’s high time (that) we took some action.


（
2
）
If only
引导的感叹句（要是
......
改有多好啊）





表示现在的情况，用过去时；




表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。


e.g
：
I only I knew the answer!





If only I had seen the film yesterday.

（
3
）
Would rather +
从句（动词用过去式或过去完成时）



e.g
：
I would rather you told me the truth.






I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.

（
4
）
as if (as though)
看起来，常用虚拟形式，






表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；






表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。

地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦
2
楼

电话：
6061778