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一
.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情 况,或是一种愿望、建议
或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1
.在条件状语从句中的用法
英语中有两种条件句:真实条件句和非真实条 件句。非真实条件句表示所提出
的假设实现的可能性小或与事实相反,在这种非真实条件句中,谓语动词 用虚拟语
气。具体形式和用法如下:
(1)
表示与现在事实相反的假设
句型:
条件从句
主句
If he_____ here, everything _______ all right.
要是他在这儿,一切都没问题了。
(
可是他并不在这儿
)
(2)
表示与过去事实相反的假设
句型:
条件从句
主句
If she_________ harder, she _____________
如果她工作再努力点的话,她就会成功了。
(
她以前工作不够努力,没有成功
)
(3)
表示对将来的假设
句型:条件从句
主句
If you_____, everything would be all right.
=
If you___________, everything would be all right.
=
If you __________, everything would be all right.
如果你成功的话,一切都会好起来的。
(4)
有时假设的情况并 不以条件从句表示出来,
而是通过一个介词短语或其他方
式表示。常用的词或短语有:
without, but for, otherwise, or, but
等。
Without your help(
=
If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
But
for
electricity(
=
If
there
were
no
electricity),
there
would
be
no
modern
industry.
要是没电,就不会有现代工业。
I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.
我一路跑到学校,不然就迟到了。
(5)
主句与从句的动作发生 在不同的时间,这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形
式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If you________ him yesterday, you _________what to do now.
如果你昨天问一问他的话,你现在就知道做什么了。
(
从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
)
(6)
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有
were
,
should
或
had
,可将
if
省略,再把
were
,
should
或
had
移到从句句首,构成倒装。
_________________, they could help us.
=
If they were here now, they could help us.
如果他们现在在这儿的话,他们就会帮助我们了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=
____________, the crops would be saved.
如果下雨的话,庄稼就会得救了。
_____________________, you would have met him.
=
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
如果你早点来的话,就会见到他了。
2
.
在宾语从句中的用法:
(1)
在
wish
和
would rather
后的宾语从 句中,
意为
“
但愿
……”
;
“
希望
……”
;
“……
就好了
”
。其句型为:主句主语+
wish/wo uld rather
+
that
+从句主语+
从句
did
或
were
(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
从句谓语用
would
/
could+have +
过去分词或者过去完成时
had done< br>(
注意这里
的情态动词不能用
should)
(表示与过去相反的愿望 )
从句谓语动词用
would (could)+
动词原形
(
表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现
的愿望)
I wish I were rich.
但愿我很富有。
I wish I hadn't told him that.
要是我没告诉他那事就好了。
He would rather he hadn't lent Tom money last week.
他宁愿自己上周没借给汤姆钱。
(2)
在表
“
建议;
命令
”
suggest
,
order, demand, propose, command, request, desire,
insist,
recommen d
等动词后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气
_________
的形式,其中
__ __
可省略。
I suggest we__________ right now.
{
我建议我们现在就出发。
He insisted that we(should)take up the matter at the meeting.
他坚持要我们在会上谈这个问题。
注意:
当
insist
表示
“
坚持认为
”
和
suggest
表示
“
表明;暗示
”
时,其后的宾语从句
中不用虚拟语气。
3
.
在
it
is
suggested,
it
is
requested,
it
was
ordered,
it
was
proposed,
it
is
necessary, it is important
等结构后的主语从句,用虚拟语气。
It is requested that every teacher in our class(should)give a performance at the party.
我们班级的每一位老师都得在晚会上表演节目。
It
is
important
that
we(should)study
both
Chinese
and
English
well
when
we
are
young.
我们正值年轻,对我们来说学好汉语和英语是很重要的。
4
.
在
suggestion,
proposal,
order,
plan
等名词后面的表语从句中或同位语从句
中,用虚拟语气。
He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.
他下令热情款待这些客人。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.
我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。
5
.
在
as if/though
引导的状语从句或表语从句中。
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。
He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
他走得很慢,好像腿受伤的样子。
6
.
在
It's
(
high/about
)
time that...
句型中,用虚拟语气。
It's time that you went to fetch your daughter from the kindergarten.
是你去幼儿园接你女儿的时候了。
It's high time that the weather improved.
天气真该好起来了。
7
.
if only
引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气,表示愿望。
If only he were here!
要是他在这儿就好了。
If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊!
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