ikon虚拟语气教案

2021年1月24日发(作者：louder)

一、虚拟语气用于条件从句


与现在事实相反

从

句（
If
条件句）

动
词
过
去
式
(be
的
过
去
式
用
were )
1)
动词过去式

与将来事实相反

2) should+
动词原形

3) were to+
动词原形

与过去事实相反


1
．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.
要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）

If she had time, she would (could, might) help me.
如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）


2.
表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should (would, could, might)
have telephoned you.
如果昨天我知道 了你的电话号码，
我就会给你打电话了。
（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号
码。）
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn
’
t(couldn
’
t) have failed in the exam.
如果你
听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。）


3.
表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：

If it should rain, the crops would (could, might) be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

--- What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?
--- It would burn.
had+
动词过去分词

would
(could/should/might)+have
过去分词

would
(could/should/might)+
动词
原形

主


句

would
(could/should/might)+
动词
原形


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---
我若把只放在火上会怎么样？

---
纸会烧着。

注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，
were to +
动词原形比较正式，常用于书面
语中。如：

If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An
Men Square.

4
．主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气

(
混合条件句虚拟
)
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，
发生的时间不一致，
这时动作的形式应根据
它所表示的时间加以调整。如：

1) If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）

2) If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）

3) If you hadn
’
t lent me some money, I couldn
’
t have bought the new house and
most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在 还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，
主句说明过去和现在。）


5
．条件从句中省去
if
的情况

在
if
引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略
if
，将
had, were
或
should
提至句
首。如：

a) Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.


假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

b) Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。

c) Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。

6.
含蓄条件句


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非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不 表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
含蓄条件句大体有三种情况；

1).
条件暗含在短语中。如：

(1) What would I have done without you?
如没有你，我会怎么办呢？
(
条件暗含在分词
短语
without you
中
)
(2) It would be easier to do it this way.
这样做会比较容易。
(
条件暗含在不定式短语
to
do it this way
中
)
(3) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.
同样的事，如
发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。
(
条件暗含 在分词短语
happening in wartime
中
)
(4) But for your help we couldn
’
t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的
帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。
(
暗含条件是
but for your help)
(5) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have
vanquished that great beast.
他一定是力大如河马，
否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。
(
暗含条件是连词
or)
(6) Alone, he would have been terrified.
如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。
(
暗含条件
是
alone)
2).
条件暗含在上下文中。如：

(7) You might stay her forever.
你可以永远待在这儿。
(
可能暗含
if you wanted to)
(8) We would have succeeded.
我们本来是会成功的。
(
可能暗含
if we had kept trying)
(9) Your reputation would be ruined.
你的名誉会败坏的。
(
可能暗含
if you should
accept it)
(10) I would appreciate a little of your time.
谢谢你给我一点时间吧。
(
可能暗含
if you
were so kind as to give me a little of your time)
3).
在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

(11) You wouldn
’
t know.
你不会知道。

(12) I would like to come.
我愿意来。

(13) I wouldn
’
t have dreamed of it.
这是我做梦也不会想到的。

(14) He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an
eye-witness.
他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。



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4).
注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来
if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语
(otherwise, or,
without, but for)
、上下文或其它方式来表示。

⑴
We didn
’
t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned
him.
⑵
Without you help, I wouldn
’
t have achieved so much.
⑶
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
5).
有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：

1. I could help you. (
只有主句）

2. If I had time. (
只有从句）

3. She should have come to the meeting. (
只有主句
)
4. If he had much more money. (
只有从句
)

7.
其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气

1)
、
用
“without/but for/in the absence of ”
表示
“
要不是
”
，
“
如 果没有
”
（相当于
if it were
not for…
）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）

Without your help, I couldn
’
t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.


2)
、由
“providing (that)/ provide
d (that)/on condition that/ in order

that”
引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（ 有时也可用陈述语气）

They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.
3)
、用
without / but for / in the absence of
表示

要不是

、

如果没有

， 表示条件虚拟
句：

(1). Without air, nothing could live.
要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。

(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.
要不是你的帮忙，我们是难
有成就的。

(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
如果没有水和空气，什么也不
能生存。




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二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句

1
、
“wi sh+
宾语从句
”
表示不能实现的愿望，
汉语可译为
“
可惜
…”
，
“…
就好了
”
，
“
悔不该
…”
，
“
但愿
…”
等。





表示现在不能实现的愿望，
从句的谓语动词用
“wo
uld (c ould)+
动词原形
”
表示过去不能
实现的愿望时用
“had+< br>过去分词
”
或
“
（
could) would +have+
过去分词
”
。

例如：



I wish it were spring all the year round.




I wish you could go with us.




We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2
、虚拟语气在动词
arrange,
command,
demand,
desire,
insist,
order,
propose,
request, require, suggest
，
decree, decide, object, pray, prefer, recommend, urge,
vote, ask
等后面的宾语从句中用
“
（
should) +
动词原形
”
。



例如：

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.




We insisted that they (should) go with us.



The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
注意：
insisted
作
“
力言
”
、
“
强调
”
解时，
宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
只有当
insist
作
“
坚持
（认
为）
，
”“
坚 持（应该）
”
解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如：


Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

3. would rather
，

would sooner
，
had rather
，

would (just) as soon
，
would prefer
之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon
，
would prefer
（希
望）
也用来表达主观愿望 ，
它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式表示现
在或将来，
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。
表示
”
宁愿做什么
”
或

对过去做的事的懊悔

。

(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

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(3).Don
’
t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.
(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.
(5).I would rather everything hadn
’
t happened in the past.
(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office
．经理
宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

(7).To be frank
，
I
’
d rather you were not involved in the case
．坦率地说，我希望你
不要卷入这件事。

(8).You don
’
t have to be in such a hurry
．
I would rather you went on business
first
．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

(9).I
’
d rather you didn
’
t make any comment on the issue for the time being
．我倒
希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

(10).Frankly
speaking
，
I
’
d
rather
you didn
’
t do
anything
about
it
for
the
time
being
．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

(11).Wouldn
’
t you rather your child went to bed early
？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点
上床呢？

(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday
．我真希望你昨天把
这本书还了。


注：

①
若某人愿自己做某事，
would rather
后用动词原形

I would rather stay at home today
．

②
would rather
．
．
．
than
．
．
．中用动词原形

I would rather stay at home than go out today
．


4.
“had hoped”
后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

用
“had hoped”
表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，
其宾语从句的谓语用
“would+
动 词原形
”
。

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked
to stay in China.
我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。



12

三、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

advice,
command,
decision,
demand,
desire,
idea,
instruction,
insistence,
motion,
necessity,
order,
plan,
policy,
pray,
preference,
propose, recommendation, regulation, request, requirement, resolution,
rule, suggestion

四、虚拟语气用于主语从句

1
、
某
些
动
词
的
过
去
分
词
：
advised,
arranged,
commanded,
decided,
demanded,
desired,
insisted,
proposed,
recommended,
requested,
required, suggested, urged
等


2
、由上述动词派生的形容词：
advisable,
desirable,
insistent,
preferable,
urgent
等


3
、
其他一类表示建议、要求、
意志、
情感的形容词：
appropriate, best, better,
compulsory,
crucial,
essential,
good,
imperative,
important,
keen,
necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, strange, vital
等

4
、
It is a pity/ shame/no wonder/ one
’
s wish+ that
从名结构中。



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五、特殊用法

1
、在倒装的让步从句中，通常只用
be
型，动词置于句首。

如：


Be it ever so homely, home is home.


Be it rainy or sunny, I will go out.

△

在
“
开放式条件句
”(open conditional clause)
和让步状语从句中
should
是被省略了的。
在这种情况下，如果
if
省略，动词
be
与主语的位置要倒装。如：

⑴
、
If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (
任
何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。
)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵
、
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (
不管
她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。
)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶
、
____ , I will take her as my wife.
［
A
］
Were she rich or poor
［
B
］
Being rich or poor
［
C
］
Be she poor or rich
［
D
］
Whether is she poor or rich


2.
虚拟语气在
as if / as though
引导的方式状语从句中的应用

虚拟语气在
as if / as though
引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与
wish
后的宾语从
句基本相同

1.
表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：

(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.
他感到仿佛唯独
他要对发生的一切负责。

(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.
他做起事来好象是个电视专家。

(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman
．艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马
人一样。


12

(4).John pretends as if he didn
’
t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very
well.(
用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设
)
(5). He pretends as if he didn
’
t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very
well.
（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非
常了解。


2.
表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：

(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. hasn
’
t watered




B. didn
’
t water

C. hadn
’
t bee watered


D. wasn
’
t watered
那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是
c
）

(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time
20 years ago.
（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）

(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time
20 years ago.(
用过去完成式 表示与过去相反的事实
)
那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到
20
年前的时光。

3.
表示与将来事实相反
:
(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+
动词原形，表
示与将来事实相反
)
(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would +
原形动词
meet
，表示与将来事实相反
)
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

注
:
在
as if / as though
句中
,
如果有可能成为事实
,
用陈述语气
.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
第二节：虚拟语气用在
lest
，
for fear that
及
in case
引导的目的状语从句中

在由
l est
等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，
表示
“
以防，
以免< br>”
等意思，
其谓语动词多
由
should
＋动词原形构成，
should
也可省略。

例如：

⑴
、
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again
．他被处以惩罚
以免他再犯。

⑵
、
The mad man was put in the soft- padded cell lest he _____ himself.

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a. injure


b. injured


c. had injure


d. would injure
这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是
a
）



3.
介词短语表示虚拟

有时假设的情况并不以条件 从句表示出来，
而是通过一个介词短语来表示，
或通过上下文或
其他方式表示出来。如
but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under
more favourable condition, without
等表示让步假设。

1).He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (
他刻苦工作，不然他就失败
了。
)

2).We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(
假设我们有更有利条
件，我们还会做得更好。
)

3). But for his help
，
I .

［
A
］
should not have succeeded
［
B
］
had not succeeded
［
C
］
did not succeed
［
D
］
have not succeeded

4). But that he came to help me, I .

［
A
］
could not have succeeded
［
B
］
did not succeed
［
C
］
could not succeed
［
D
］
can
’
t but succeed


4.
虚拟语气用在
It is
（
about
／
high
）
time
＋
that
定语从句中

在
It is
（
about
／
high
）
time
＋that
定语从句中需用虚拟语气，
表示
“
该做
……
的 时候了
”
，
其动词形式用一般过去时或
should
＋动词原形。

(1).It
’
s already 5 o
’
clock now
．
Don
’
t you think it
’
s about time we went home
？现
在已经
5
点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？

(2).It is about time you were in bed.
(3).It is high time we left.
(4).It is the first time I came here.

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注：

1
、在
this is the first time
／
second time that
．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述
语气完成时态。

例如：

Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong
？这是你第一次参观香港吗？

2
、
It
’
s time to do something
有别于
It
’
s time that
．．．



5.
在
if only
引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气

谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式
(
谓 语动词与
wish
宾语从句的虚拟形式相同
).
⑴
、
If only he didn
’
t drive so fast! (
现在
)
⑵
、
If only she had asked someone
’
s advice.(
过去
)
⑶
、
If only the rain would stop.(
将来
)
例题解析
:
⑷
、
Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow


B. had followed


C. would follow


D. have followed
if only
引出感叹句，意思是
“
要是
……
多好
”
，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：
“
看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是
我听从你的劝告多好
”
。事实上，句中的
“
我
”
没 有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。

题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是
B
。


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虚拟语气精选例题解析



millions
of
calculations
involved,
had
they
been
done
by
hand,
____
__all
practical
value

by
the
time
they
were
finished.

A.
could
lose
B.
would
have
lost
C.
might
lose
D.
ought
to
have
lost

解析：这个句子中含有一个省略
if
，把助动词提前到主语
they
之前的虚拟条件句，该条件
句表示对过去情况的假设 ，
而主句中
by
the
time
they
were
finished
表明主句也应该
是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（
B
）
would
have
lost
为正确答案。

2.
Had
Paul
received
six
more
votes
in
the
last
election,
he
______
our
ch
airman
now.

A.
must
have
been
B.
would
have
been
C.
were
D.
would
be

解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了
if
，把助词< br>had
提前到主语前
面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中
now
表明 了对现在情况的假设，所以应选
would(s
hould,
could,
might)+
动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（
D
）是正确表达形式，< br>故为正确答案。

3.
If
you
______
Jerry
Brown
until
recently,
you
’
d
think
the
photograph
o
n
the
right
was
strange.

A.
shouldn
’
t
contact
B.
didn
’
t
contact
C.
weren
’
t
to
contact
D.
hadn
’
t
contacted

解析：
until
recently
，因此（
D
）是正确 答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句
是一个混合虚拟条件句。

4.
______
he
English
examination
I
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
last
S
unday .
A.
In
spite
of
B.
But
for
C.
Because
of
D.
As
for

解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如
but
for
、
but
t
hat
、
without,
由连词
but
、副词
otherwise
、比较级、形容词、独立 主格等表示的上下
文中。
本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，
但事实上由于英语考试而没 有去成，
即若不是因为
英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（
B
）But
for
为正确答案。


12

5.
Look
at
the
terrible
situation
I
am
in!
If
only
I
______
your
advice .
A.
follow
B.
would
follow
C.
had
followed
D.
have
followed

解析：
题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，
而第二句话中所要表达 的是应该做但事
实上没有做的事，
这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，
故
If
only
条件句假设的是过
去一种情况，因此应该用
had
+
过去分词，所以正确答案是（
C
）。

6.
There
is
a
real
possibility
that
these
animals
could
be
frightened,
_____
__a
sudden
loud
noise.

A.
being
there
B.
should
there
be
C.
there
was
D.
there
having
been

解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会 受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”
shoul
d
there
be
表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式
,
if
省略
,
所以
should
与
there
倒装。
因此
B.
should
there
be
就是本题答案

。



7
、

When
Edison
died,
it
was
proposed
that
the
American
people
_______
all
power
in
their
homes,
streets,
and
factories
for
several
minutes
in
hono
ur
of
this
great
man.
A.
turn
off

B.
turned
off

C.
would
turn
off

D.
had
turned
off
解析：

propose
是欲望动词
,
后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：
should+
动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（
A
）
.
turn
off


8
、

I
apologize
if
I
_______
you,but
I
assure
you
it
was
unintentional.
A.
offend

B.
had
offended
C.
should
have
offended

D.
might
have
offended
解析：

B.
had
offended
。本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。
was
暗示，事情 发生在过
去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。

9
、

The
board
deemed
it
urgent
that
these
files
_______
right
away.
A.
had
to
be
printed

B.
should
have
been
printed
C.
must
be
printed

D.
should
be
printed

12

解析：

D.
should
be
printed
。
因为
urgen t
是欲望形容词
,
在句中作形式宾语
it
的补足
语
,
所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气
:(should)+
动词原形
(主动态或被动态
)
。

10
、

The
board
deemed
it
urgent
that
these
files_______
right
away.

A.
had
to
be
printed
B.
should
have
been
printed

C.
must
be
printed
D.
should
be
printed

解析：
it是形式宾语，
urgent
是宾语补足语，
that
引导的从句是真正的 宾语从句，该从句
的内容被认为是
urgent
（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求 用虚拟语气形式，即
shoul
d
（可以省略）
+
动词原形。因此， 本题正确答案是（
D
）。

11
、

Jean
Wagner
’
s
most
enduring
contribution
to
the
study
of
Afro-Ameri
can
poetry
is
his
insistence
that
it
in
a
religious,
as
well
as
worldly,
frame

of
reference.

A.
is
to
be
analyzed
B.
has
been
analyzed

C.
be
analyzed
D.
should
have
been
analyzed

解析：（
C
）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求 、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语
动词要用虚拟语气形式，即
should(
可以省略
)+
动词原形。



12
、

I
would
have
gone
to
visit
him
in
the
hospital
had
it
been
at
all
possi
ble,
but
I
______
fully
occupied
the
whole
of
last
week.

A.
were
B.
had
been
C.
have
been
D.
was

解析：（
D
）本道题 目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实
上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后 半部分由
but
引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而
but
所
引导的句 子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。


13.
I
apologize
if
I
you,
but
I
assure
you
it
was
unintentional.

A.
offend
B.
had
offended
C.
should
have
offended
D.
might
have
offended


解析：（
B
）此题要求在
i f
从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词
apologize(
抱歉
)

12

来看，
if
从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事 ，因此可以排除（
A
），因为（
A
）是现在时。
（
C
）
中
should+have+
过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，
在此不合题意。
（
D
）
选项中的
might+have+
过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容
还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知 从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（
B
）
had
off
ended
表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：
apologize
是现在，而条件句是表
示对过去假设的条件句。


14.
If
you
hadn
’
t
taken
such
a
long
time
to
get
dressed,
we
’
d
there
by
now.

A.
be
B.
circles
C.
is
circling
D.
be
circling

解析：
该句也是一个复杂条件句
（或称作混合 虚拟条件句）
。
条件句表示对过去情况的假设，
而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实 上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（
A
）。


15.
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west,
so
it
seems
as
if
the
s
un
________round
the
earth.

A.
were
circling
B.
circles
C.
is
circling
D.
be
circling

解析：
if
引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用 过去式（
be
动词
用
were
）
或
would(c ould
等
)+
动词原形，
本句话中指的是当时的情况，
所以要用过 去式，
故（
A
）是正确答案。

16.
If
the
Watergate
Incident______
Nixon
would
not
have
resigned
from
the
presidency.

A.
did
not
occur
B.
had
not
occurred
C.
was
not
occurring
D.
be
circling

解析：（
B
）
had
not
occurred
表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要
用
should(would,
could,
might)+
动词原形的过去分词。

17.
I
hadn
’
t
expected
James
to
apologize
but
I
had
hoped
______ .

A.
him
calling
me
B.
that
he
would
call
me
C.
him
to
call
me
D.
that
he
c
all
me


12

解析：（
B
）
had
hoped
是常见的要求其后的宾语 从句用虚拟语气的句型
,
虚拟语气
woul
d+
动词原形。

18.
George
would
certainly
have
attended
the
proceedings
______ .

A.
if
he
didn
’
t
get
a
flat
tire
B.
if
the
flat
tire
hadn
’
t
happened

C.
had
he
not
had
a
flat
tire
D.
had
the
tire
not
flattened
itself

解析：表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为
would(should,
could,
might)+have+
过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，
if
可以省略，但要把
had
提前主语前面。（
B
），（
D
）
的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（
C
）是正确答案。

19.
The
teacher
suggested
that
her
students
______experiences
with
ESP.


A.
write
a
composition
on
their
B.
to
write
composition
about
the

C.
wrote
some
compositions
of
his
or
her
D.
had
written
any
compositions

for
his

解析：（
A
）
suggest
后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式 为
should
（可以省略）
+
动
词原形。


20.
He
speaks
Chinese
as
fluently
as
if
he
______a
Chinese.

A.
were
B.
had
been
C.
is
D.
has
been

解析：（
A
）．表示与现在相反的虚拟。

21.
As
usual,
he
put
on
a
show
as
though
his
trip______
a
great
success.


A.
had
been
B.
has
been
C.
were
D.
was

解析：
A
．
as
though
引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

22.
Looking
round
the
town,
he
felt
as
though
he
______
away
for
ages.

A.
has
been
B.
was
C.
is
D.
had
been

解析：
D
．
felt
是过去式，所以该句是由
as
though
引导的与过去相反的虚拟。


12

23.
John
is
so
strongly
built
that
he
looks
as
if
he
______
as
elephant.

A.
lifts
B.
is
lifting
C.
lifted
D.
could
lift

解析：
D
．
as
if
引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

24.
He
described
the
town
as
if
he
______
it
himself.

A.
had
seen
B.
has
seen
C.
saw
D.
sees

解析：
A
．
as
if
引导的与过去相反的虚拟。


25.
Most
insurance
agents
would
rather
you______
anything
about
collecti
ng
claims
until
they
investigate
the
situation.

A.
do
B.
don
’
t
C.
didn
’
t
D.
didn
’
t
do

解析：（
D
）
would
rather
后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来
的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过 去的情况的假设。

26.
Although
most
adopted
persons
want
the
right
to
know
who
their
natu
ral
parents
are,
some
who
have
found
them
wish
that
they
______
the
ex
perience
of
meeting.

A.
hadn
’
t
B.
didn
’
t
have
had
C.
hadn
’
t
had
D.
hadn
’
t
have

解析：
（
C
）
who
引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。



27.
Without
electronic
computers,
much
of
today
’
s
advanced
technology
_
_____ .

A.
will
not
have
been
achieved
B.
have
not
been
achieved

C.
would
not
have
been
achieved
D.
had
not
been
achieved

解析：（
C
）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过 介词短语
without,
表示潜在的一种假设，而
主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以 是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用
would
not
have
b
een
achieved
这一形式。


12