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虚拟语气
虚拟语气
:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主 观愿望、假设或推测等。
一、
if
从句
:
(一)
表示与事实情况相反
表示现在情况
表示过去情况
表示将来情况
条件从句的谓语形式
过去式
(did)(be
常用
were)
主句的谓语形式
would / could / might / should + do
过去完成式
(had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
①过去式
(did)/(were)
②
should + do
③
were to do
would / could / might / should + do
(二)错综时间的虚拟句:
通常情况下
,
在条件句 中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致
,
但有
时也可能指不同的时间
,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时
间,其动词形式要根据时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (
从句指现在
,
主句指过去
)
。
2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (
从句指过去
,
主句指现在
)
。
3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
(从句指过去,主句指现在)
。
4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
(从句指过去,主
句指现在)
。
5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.
(从句指现在,主句指将来)
(三)省略:
If
从句中含有
were, should, had
时,可省略
if
并把
were, should, had
提前。
例如:
Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him.
备注:注:
would, should, could
与
might
的选择:
①
一般常用
would
,如同在真实条件句中主句常要用
will
一样。常译作
“
将、就会
”
。如:
If I knew him, I would ask him for help.
如果我认识他的话,我就会向他求助。
②
should
在虚拟条件句中用得最少,现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈 述语气中第一人称后面
可以用
shall
,所以在虚拟语气中,理论上讲,第一人称后 也可用
should
。但在现代英语中,
特别是美语中,
人们常说:
I’ll go home.
或
I will go home.
但很少人说
I shall go home.
因此,
在虚拟条件句中,
should
也很少用。
③
could
用于虚拟条件句中时,有
“
能够,可能”
之意。如:
If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.
如果你回来得再稍早一点,你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。
④
mi ght
用于虚拟条件句时,常译作
“
或许
”
,表示可能性有,但不敢 肯定。如:
If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him.
如果我当时在场的话,我或许会和他吵起来。
二、
(
should
)
do
(
should
可以省略)形式的虚拟:宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟
(一)一坚持(
insist
)
一推荐(
recommend
)
三命令
(order, command, direct)
三建议
(suggest, advice, propose)
五要求(
demand, require, request, urge, ask
)
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本文更新与2021-01-24 10:34,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/560282.html