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能量虚拟语气的规则总结(word版)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-24 10:34
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2021年1月24日发(作者:tammy)
虚拟语气

虚拟语气
:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主 观愿望、假设或推测等。

一、
if
从句


(一)

表示与事实情况相反

表示现在情况

表示过去情况

表示将来情况

条件从句的谓语形式

过去式
(did)(be
常用

were)
主句的谓语形式

would / could / might / should + do
过去完成式
(had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
①过去式

(did)/(were)

should + do

were to do
would / could / might / should + do
(二)错综时间的虚拟句:
通常情况下
,
在条件句 中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致
,
但有
时也可能指不同的时间
,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时
间,其动词形式要根据时间而定。

1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (
从句指现在
,
主句指过去
)


2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (
从句指过去
,
主句指现在
)


3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

(从句指过去,主句指现在)


4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
(从句指过去,主
句指现在)


5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.
(从句指现在,主句指将来)


(三)省略:
If
从句中含有
were, should, had
时,可省略
if
并把
were, should, had
提前。

例如:
Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him.

备注:注:
would, should, could

might
的选择:



一般常用
would
,如同在真实条件句中主句常要用
will
一样。常译作

将、就会

。如:

If I knew him, I would ask him for help.
如果我认识他的话,我就会向他求助。



should
在虚拟条件句中用得最少,现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈 述语气中第一人称后面
可以用
shall
,所以在虚拟语气中,理论上讲,第一人称后 也可用
should
。但在现代英语中,
特别是美语中,
人们常说:
I’ll go home.

I will go home.
但很少人说
I shall go home.
因此,
在虚拟条件句中,
should
也很少用。



could
用于虚拟条件句中时,有

能够,可能
之意。如:

If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.
如果你回来得再稍早一点,你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。



mi ght
用于虚拟条件句时,常译作

或许

,表示可能性有,但不敢 肯定。如:

If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him.
如果我当时在场的话,我或许会和他吵起来。

二、

should

do

should
可以省略)形式的虚拟:宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟

(一)一坚持(
insist
































一推荐(
recommend


三命令

(order, command, direct)

















三建议

(suggest, advice, propose)
五要求(
demand, require, request, urge, ask

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