踯躅2001年1月英语六级真题(含答案)

2021年1月24日发(作者：损失)

2001
年
1
月英语六级真题

Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Birds that are
literally
half-asleep
—
with one brain
hemisphere alert and the other
sleeping
—
control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of
sleeping ducks.

Earlier
studies
have
documented
half-brain
sleep
in
a
wide
range
of
birds.
The
brain
hemispheres take turns sinking
into the sleep
stage
characterized by slow brain
waves.
The eye
controlled by the
sleeping
hemisphere keeps shut,
while the
wakeful
hemisphere’s
eye
stays
open
and
alert.
Birds
also
can
sleep
with
both
hemispheres
resting at once.

Decades of studies of bird
flocks
led
researchers to predict extra alertness
in
the
more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers, Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch
carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no
preference for gaze direction.

Also, birds
dozing
（打盹）
at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep,
rather
than
total
relaxation,
more
often
than
inner
ducks
did.
Rotating
16
birds
through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep
during
some
32
percent
of
dozing
time
versus
about
12
percent
for
birds
in
internal
spots.

“We believe
this
is the
first evidenc
e
for
an animal behaviorally controlling sleep
and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say
.


The
results
provide
the
best
evidence
for
a
long-standing
supposition
that
single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for
opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a
pair of birds dozing side- by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror.
The
mirror-side
eye
closed
as
if
the
reflection
were
a
companion
and
the
other
eye
stayed open.

Useful
as
half-
sleeping
might
be,
it’s
only
been
found
in
birds
and
such
water
mammals
（哺乳动物）
as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the
brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.


Studies
of
birds
may
offer
unique
insights
into
sleep.
Jerome
M.
Siegel
of
the
UGLA says he wonders if bi
rds’ half
-
brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg
（
冰山）
”.
He
speculates
that
more
examples
may
turn
up
when
we
take
a
closer
look
at
other
species.
11.
A new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that ____________.


A) birds can control their half-brain sleep consciously

B) birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest

C) half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds

D) half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves
12.
According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______________.

A) they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions
看着同伴



B) the two halves of their brain are differently structured

C) they have to watch out for possible attacks

1




D) their brain hemisphere take turns to rest
13.
The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that _____________.


A) birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security

B) the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread

C) a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror
有同伴


D) even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security
14.
While
sleeping,
some
water
mammals
tend
to
keep
half
awake
in
order
to
__________.

A) avoid being swept away by rapid currents

B) emerge from water now and then to breathe
避免溺死


C) alert themselves to the approaching enemy

D) be sensitive to the ever-changing environment
15.
By
“just
the
tip
of
the
iceberg”
(Line
2,
Para.8),
Siegel
suggests
that
____________.

A) half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species

B) most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers

C) the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved

D) half- brain sleep has something to do with icy weather

Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

A nine- year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair experiment that
ends
up
debunking
（揭穿．
．
．的真相）
a widely practiced
medical treatment.
Emily
Rosa’s target was a practice known as therapeutic
（治疗）
touch (TT for short), whose
advocates
manipulate patients’
“energy
field”
to
make them
feel better and even, say
some,
to
cure
th
em
of
various
ills.
Y
et
Emily’s
test
shows
that
these
energy
fields
can’t be detected, even by trained
TT practitioners
（行医者）
. Obviously
mindful of
the publicity
value of the situation,
Journal
editor
George
Lundberg appeared on
TV
to
declare,
“Age
doesn’t
matter.
It’s
good
science
that
matters,
and
this
is
good
science.”


Emily’s
mother
Linda
Rosa, a registered
nurse,
has been campaigning
against
TT
for nearly a decade.
Linda
first thought about
TT
in the
late ’80s,
when she
learned
it
was
on
the
approved
list
for
continuing
nursing
education
in
Colorado.
Its
100,000
trained practitioners (48,000
in the U.S.) don’t even touch their patients. Instead, they
waved their hands a few
inches
from the patient’s body
, pushing energy
fields around
until
they’re
in
“balance.”
TT
advocates
say
these
manipulations
can
help
heal
wounds, relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT
therapists
are
frequently
hired by
leading
hospitals, at
up
to $$70 an
hour,
the smooth
patients’ energy
, someti
mes during surgery
.

Y
et
Rosa
could
not
find
any
evidence
that
it
works.
To
provide
such
proof,
TT
therapists
would
have
to
sit
down
for
independent
testing
—something
they
haven’t
been
eager
to
do,
even
though
James
Randi
has
offered
more
than
$$1
million
to
anyone
who
can
demonstrate
the
existence
of
a
human
energy
field.
(He’s
had
one
2


taker so
far. She
failed.)
A skeptic
might conclude
that
TT practitioners are afraid to
lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader? Says
Emily: “I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid.”


The experiment was straightforward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up,
through a screen.
Emily
held
her own
hand over one of theirs
—
left or right
—
and the
practitioners
had
to
say
which
hand
it
was.
When
the
results
were
recorded,
they’d
done no better than they would have by simply guessing. if there was an energy field,
they couldn’t feel it.

16.
Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?

A) TT has been in existence for decades.

B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.

C) TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.

D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.
17.
V
ery
few
TT
practitioners
responded
to
the
$$1
million
offer
because
____________.

A) they didn’t take the offer seriously


B) they didn’t want to risk their career


C) they were unwilling to reveal their secret

D) they thought it was not in line with their practice
18.
The purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment
was ____________.

A) to see why TT could work the way it did

B) to find out how TT cured patient’s illness


C) to test whether she could sense the human energy field

D) to test whether a human energy field really existed
19.
Why did some TT practitioner
s agree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment?


A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing.

B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.

C) It was more straightforward than other experiments.

D) They sensed no harm
无害

in a little girl’s experi
ment.
20.
What can we learn from the passage?

A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.
欺骗


B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.

C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.

D) The principle of TT is too profound to understand.

Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

What
might
driving
on
an
automated
highway
be
like?
The
answer
depends
on
what
kind
of
system
is
ultimately
adopted.
Two
distinct
types
are
on
the
drawing
board. The first is a special
—
purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved
for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles
would
share
the
road
with
partially
automated
or
manually
driven
cars.
A
special-purpose
land system would
require
more extensive physical
modifications to
existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in
freeway
（高速公路）
capacity
.
3



Under either scheme, the driver
would specify the
desired destination,

furnishing
this
information to a computer
in the car at the beginning of
the
trip or perhaps just
before
reaching
the
automated
highway
.
If
a
mixed
traffic
system
was
in
place,
automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If
special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic
in two different ways. One method would use a special
onramp
（入口引道）
. As the
driver approached the point of entry for the highway
, devices installed on the roadside
would
electronically
check
the
vehicle
to
determine
its
destination
and
to
ascertain
that
it
had
the
proper
automation
equipment
in
good
working
order.
Assuming
it
passed
such
tests,
the
driver
would
then
be
guided
through
a
gate
and
toward
an
automated
lane.
In
this case, the transition
from
manual to automated control
would
take place on the entrance ramp.
An alternative technique could employ conventional
lanes,
which
would
be
shared
by
automated
and
regular
vehicles.
The
driver
would
steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle
would
then
shift
under
computer
control
onto
a
lane
reserved
for
automated
traffic.
(The
limitation
of
these
lanes
to
automated
traffic
would,
presumably
,
be
well
respected,
because
all
trespassers
（非法进入者）
could
be
swiftly
identified
by
authorities.)

Either
approach
to
joining,
a
lane
of
automated
traffic
would
harmonize
the
movement of
newly entering
vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control
here
should
allow
for
smooth
merging,
without
the
usual
uncertainties
and
potential
for accidents. and once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the drive would be
free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.
21.
We
learn
from
the
first
paragraph
that
two
systems
of
automated
highways
__________.

A) are being planned

B) are being modified

C) are now in wide use

D) are under construction
22.
A
special-purpose
lane
system
is
probably
advantageous
in
that
________________.

A) it would require only minor changes to existing highways

B) it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency

C) it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles

D) it offers more lanes for automated vehicles
23.
Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?
A)
V
ehicles
traveling
on
it
are
assigned
different
lanes
according
to
their
destinations.

B) A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.
C) The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving
onto it.

D) The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.

24.
We
know
form
the
passage
that
a
car
can
enter
a
special- purpose
lane
__________.
4