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2021-01-24 11:07
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2021年1月24日发(作者:mists)
2006
年考研英语试题及答案

Section I Use of English



Directions:



Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)



The
homeless
make
up
a
growing
percentage
of
America’s
population.__1__
homele
ssness
has
reached
such
proportions
that
local
government
can’t
possibly
_____2____.
To
help
homeless
people
_____3___
independence,
the
federal
government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and
fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans
who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__
the
figure
may
vary,
analysts
do
agree
on
another
matter:
that
the
number
of
the
homeless
is_____8____,
one
of
the
federal
go
vernment’s
studies
_____9__
that
the
number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.



Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly
difficult.___11__when
homeless
individuals
manage
to
find
a
___12__
that
will
give
them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk
of
each
day__13__
the
street,
Part
of
the
problem
is
that
many
homeless
adults
are
addicted
to
alcohol
or
drugs.
And
a
significant
number
of
the
homeless
have
serious
mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the
everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris
Reidy
notes
that
the
situation
will
improve
only
when
there
are_17___programs
that
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word
address
the
many
needs
of
the
homeless.
_____18__
Edward
Blotkowsk,
director
of
community
service
at
Bentley
College
in
Massachusetts,___19__it.
“There
has
to
be
_____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.”



1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore



2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain



3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward



4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep



5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not



6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ



7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that



8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending



9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers



10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss



11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only



12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house



13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering



14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas



15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance



16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up



17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating



18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus



19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes

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20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination

Section II Reading Comprehension



Part A



Directions:



Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)



Text 1



In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine
for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing u
niformity of dress and discourse,
and
the
casualness
and
absence
of
consumption
“launched
by
the
19th

century
department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead
of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could
enter,
regardless
of
class
or
background.
This
turned
shopping
into
a
public
and
democratic
act.”
The
mass
media,
advertising
and
sports
are
other
forces
for
homogenization.



Immigrants
are
quickly
fitting
into
this
common
culture,
which
may
not
be
altogether
elevating
but
is
hardly
poisonous.
Writing
for
the
National
Immigration
Forum,
Gregory
Rodriguez
reports
that
today’s
immigration
is
neither
at
unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of
population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived
for
every
1,000
residents;
in
the
10
years
prior
to
1890,
9.2
for
every
1,000.
Now,
consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.

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The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen
most
common
countries
of
origin
spoke
English
“well”
or
“very
well”
after
ten
years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and profic
ient in
English.
“By
the
third
generation,
the
original
language
is
lost
in
the
majority
of
immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language.
By
1996
foreign-born
immigrants
who
had
arrive
before
1970
had
a
home
ownership
rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native- born Americans.



Foreign-
born
Asians
and
Hispanics
“have
higher
rates
of
intermarriage
than
do
U.S-
born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are
married
to
non- Hispanics,
and
41
percent
of
Asian-American
women
are
married
to
non-Asians.



Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars
like
Amold
Schwarzenegger
and
Garth
Brooks,
yet
“some
Americans
fear
that
immigrant
living
within
the
United
States
remain
somehow
immune
to
the
nation’s
assimilative power.”



Are
there
divisive
issues
and
pockets
of
seething
in
America?
Indeed.
It
is
big
enough
to
have
a
bit
of
everything.
But
particularly
when
viewed
against
America’s
turbulent
past,
today’s
social
induces
suggest
a
dark
and
deteriorating
social
environment.



21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means



A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing



22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

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word


a role in the spread of popular culture.



intimate shops for common consumers.



ied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.



its emergence to the culture of consumption.



23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.



resistant to homogenization.



a great influence on American culture.



hardly a threat to the common culture.



tute the majority of the population.



24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?



A. To prove their popularity around the world.



B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.



C. To give examples of successful immigrants.



D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.



25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is



A. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful



Text 2



Stratford- on-Avon,
as
we
all
know,
has
only
one
industry

William
Shakespeare

but
there
are
two
distinctly
separate
and
increasingly
hostile
branches.
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of
the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk
who
largely
live
off
the
tourists
who
come,
not
to
see
the
plays,
but
to
look
at
Anne
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word
Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.



The
worthy
residents
of
Stratford
doubt
that
the
theatre
adds
a
penny
to
their
revenue. They
frankly dislike the
RSC’s actors,
them with their long
hair and beards
and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,
who
earns
their
living,
was
himself
an
actor
(with
a
beard)
and
did
his
share
of
noise-making.



The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and
often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side
—don’t usually see the
plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the
playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers,
the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the
night (some of them four or
five
nights)
pouring
cash into the
hotels and restaurants.
The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.



The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly
to
the
subsidy
of
the
Royal
Shakespeare
Company.
Stratford
cries
poor
traditionally.
Nevertheless
every
hotel
in
town
seems
to
be
adding
a
new
wing
or
cocktail
lounge.
Hilton
is
building
its
own
hotel
there,
which
you
may
be
sure
will
be
decorated
with
Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth,
and will be very expensive.



Anyway,
the
townsfolk
can’t
understand
w
hy
the
Royal
Shakespeare
Company
needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last
year
its
1,431
seats
were
94
percent
occupied
all
year
long
and
this
year
they’ll
do
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word
better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed
low.



It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young
people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays,
not
the
sights.
They
all
seem
to
look
alike
(though
they
come
from
all
over)---lean,
pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down
for
the
night
on
the
flagstones
outside
the
theatre
to
buy
the
20
seats
and
80
standing

room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens
at 10:30 a.m.

Text 3



When
prehistoric
man
arrived
in
new
parts
of
the
world,
something
strange
happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived.
The large, slow- growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.



That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such
as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They
have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do
not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish
species
in
particular
parts
of
the
ocean,
but
rather
changes
in
that
biomass
over
time.
According
to
their
latest
paper
published
in
Nature,
the
biomass
of
large
predators
(animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%
within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again
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word
since then.



Dr
Worm
acknowledges
that
the
figures
are
conservative.
One
reason
for
this
is
that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites
and
sonar,
which
were
not
available
50
years
ago.
That
means
a
higher
proportion
of
what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely
to
be
worse
than
the
one
recorded
by
changes
in
catch
sizes.
In
the
early
days,
too,
longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore
not
have
been
caught, since
no
baited
hooks would
have
been
available
to
trap
them,
leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of
longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no
longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.



Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future
management
efforts
must
take
into
account.
They
believe
the
data
support
an
idea
current among marine biologists, that of the
have
failed
to
detect
the
massive
changes
which
have
happened
in
the
ocean
because
they
have
been
looking
back
only
a
relatively
short
time
into
the
past.
That
matters
because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a
fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.



31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that



A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.



B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

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C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.



D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones



32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that



A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.



B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.



C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.



D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.



33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means
that



A. fishing technology has improved rapidly



B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded



C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss



D. the data collected so far are out of date.



34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that



A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time.



B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass



C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.



D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation



35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’



ment efficiency



s level



-size limits

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