seem高中英语语法 什么是简单句并列句复合句

2021年1月24日发(作者：连杆瓦)

高中英语语法通霸
3.
句子结构和成分

句子分类

简单句、并列句和复合句



句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点
1.

简单句

只有一个主语
(
或并列主语
)
和一个谓语
(
或并列谓语
)
。
如：

He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She
likes
drawing
and
often
draws
pictures
for
the
wall
newspapers.
（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）

改错：

It not only costs little money but also comfortable.
答案与解析：
第一个谓语是实义动词，
第二个是系表结构 ，
应带
be
，因此要在
also
前加
is
。

考点
2.

并列句（参看
P.
错误！未定义书签。错误 ！未找到
引用源。
）

改错：

①
.

He likes English, his English is very good. ×

②
.

His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，
就要考虑 两个简单
句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。

这时我们可以用
and,
but,
or
等并列连词来连接这两< br>个句子；也可以用分号（
;
）来连接。此时，这两个简单
句（此时也可称作分句
）
之间是并列关系，
不能说一个分
句作了另一个分句的什么成分。< br>
用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。

上两句可以改为：

①
.

He likes English
；
his English is very good. (
用分号连接
)
He likes English,
so/and
his English is very good.
②
.

His wife was ill
;
he had to stay at home. (
用分号连接
)
His wife was ill,
so/and
he had to stay at home.
考点
3.

复合句

A.

用从属连词连接的句子是复合句。

还先看上面的两个错句：

①
.

He likes English, his English is very good.

×

②
.

His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为：

①
.

Because
he likes English, his English is very good.
When
he likes English, his English is very good.
②
.

Because
his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
When
his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
先看第一个句子。当用
because
连接时，译为“ 因为
他喜欢英语，
（所以）
他的英语非常好”
。
主要说的是
“他
的英语非常好”，
“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因。因
此：
“
his
English
is
very
good
”
是
主句
，
“
because
he
likes
English
”

是
原因状语从句
。
QQ329950885
当用
when
连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英
语非常好”。

主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜

欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此，
“
his
English
is
very
good
”
是
主句
，
“
when he likes English
”

是
时间状语从句
。
同理，
句②修改后，
前面分别为原因状语从句和时间
状语从句，后面是主句。
像上面这样，
用从属连词连接两个简单句之后，
一个
句子是主要的（主 句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主
要句子发生的时间、
原因、
条件等，这样构成的 句子称为
复合句。

B.

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子 时，整个句
子就成为复合句了。
从词或词组升级后的句子是从句，
除从句以外的是主句 ，整个句子是复合句。

①

The boy
over there
is my brother.
（只有一个主谓结构，
是简单句。
）

The boy
who is wearing a hat
is my brother.
（当
over there
变为

who is wearing a hat
时，句子就含
有两个主谓结构，
一个是
The boy is my brother
，
是主句；
who is wearing a hat
是
the boy
的定语，称为定语从句。
who
既作从句成 分，又起着从属连词的作用。
）

②

I was doing my homework
at six
.
（只有一个主谓结构，
是简单句。
）

I was doing my homework
when he came in
.
（
I was doing my homework
是一个主谓结构，
he came
i n
也是一个主谓结构。
后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时
间状语，是时间状语从句。因此 本句是复合句，
when
是从属连词。
）

③

It
is wrong.
（只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。
）

What he said
is wrong.
（
what he said
，
是一个主谓结构。
What he said is wrong.
是另外一个主谓结构，
What he said
作主语，

is wrong
系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。
What
he
sai d
是主语从句；
what
既作从句成分又起着从属连词的作
用）

从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出：

C.

一个句子如果含有从句 ，如名词性从句（主语从句、
宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状
语从句等，这 个句子就是复合句。

练习
1.

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。

1.

We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.

The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3.

There is a chair in this room, isn’t the
re?
4.

My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the
morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5.

He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6.

He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7.

Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8.

Wh
at he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

9.

The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10.

Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
11.

Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my
Dad on the farm.

12.

It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I
work from dawn until dark.
13.

Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of
our tractors.
14.

We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north
where it is colder they grow wheat.
15.

Although
the
farm
is
large,
my
Dad
has only
two
men
working for him.
考点
4.

引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句
子结构和句意来判别

练习
2.

说出下列复合句中，
where
引导的是什么从句。

1.

You can find it where you left it.
（





）

2.

Tell me the address where he lives.
（





）

3.

I don’t know where he
comes from.
（





）

4.

Where he was born is not known yet.
（





）

5.

This place is where they once lived.
（





）

考点
5.

一个句子有两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连
接问题

直接用逗号连接的 两个简单句是错误的。一个句子如
果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列
句， 要么是复合句。这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。这
时，我们有三种方法来改正这个错句：

A.

改为并列句：我们可以使用
and,
so,
but
等并列连词来
把它们连接起来；或者把逗号改为分号。

B.

改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分句改为
状语从句、定语从 句或名词性从句。

C.

改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉 ，
从而使其变成独立主格结构。
（参看
P.
错误！未定义
书签。
）

I like English, my English is very good. ×

可以改为：

并列句：

I like English
and
my English is very good.

I like English,
so
my English is very good.
I like English
;
my English is very good.
复合句：

As
/
Because
I like English, my English is very good.
（含有原因状语从句的复合句）

When
I like English, my English is very good.
（含有时间状语从句的复合句）

简单句：

I
liking
English, my English is very good.

(
把一个分句改为独立主格结构
)
再如：
I have a house, its windows are very big. ×

可以改为：

并列句：

I have a house
and
/
but
its windows are very big.

I have a house
;
its windows are very big.
复合句：

I have a house,
whose
windows are very big.


(
含有定语从句的复合句
)
简单句：

I have a house, its windows very big.

(
后面为独立主格结构
)
考点
6.

两个分句一般只用一个连词


用了
“
因为（
because, as, since
等）
”
不用
“
所以
(so)”
；
用了
“
虽然< br>(al
though, though)”
不用
“
但是（
bu t
）
”
。

改错：

Because I like English, so I am good at it.
Although he is not intelligent, but he does well in all his
subjects.
答案：

第一句去
so
；第二句去
but
。

注意
：有时
so, but
和
and
等词可以用在第一个分 句句
首，实际上是和前面所说的相联系，而不是连接后一个分
句。如：

So
if you don
’
t like it, you can give up.
因此，如果你不喜欢，你可以放弃。

And

when
they
get
there,
General
Forrest
will
take
care
of
them.

而且他们一到那里
,
福雷斯特将军就会好好处理他们
.

练习
3.

利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。

1.

Five people won the
“China’s green figure” award, a title

______
to
ordinary
people
for
their
contributions
to
environmental protection.
A. is given



B. was given

C. being given


D. given
2.

All the preparations for the task ______
, and we’re ready
to start.

A. completed


B. complete


C. had been completed
D. have been completed
3.

【
2006
辽宁】
I was told that there were about 50 foreign
students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were
from Germany.
A. study; of whom

B. study; of them

C. studying; of them

D. studying; of whom
4.

Everywhere
you
can
see
people
in
their
holiday
dress,
______ with smiles.
A. their faces are shining
B. whose faces shining
C. their faces shining

D. faces shining whose
5.

Many students ______ around, I explained the story into
details.
A. stood



B. standing


C. to stand



D. were standing
6.

I have five friends, some of ______ are businessmen.
A. that
B. whom

C. they

D. them

7.

I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men.
A. that
B. whom

C. they

D. them

8.

【
2013
上海】
________ at the photos, illustrations, title
and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.
A. To look



B. Looking
C. Having looked


D. Look


I.

单句改错

A.

注意分句连接

1.

【
2014
新课标Ⅰ】

Although we allow tomato plants to
grow in the same place year after year, but we have never
had any disease or insect attack problems.

2.

【
2005
天津】
As she gave it to me, when the phone rang
and she went to answer it.

3.

【
2006
全国Ⅰ】
They did not want breakfast because that
they were going out early in the morning.