-
综合英语（一）下
Lesson One
The Story of an Hour
Kate Chopin
Learning Guide
锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面
雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒 了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了
身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时
… …
1
They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead.
他们知道路易丝
·
马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息告诉她时非常小心。她的丈夫布伦特里死了。
2
“There was a train accident, Louise,” said her sister Josephine, quietly.
3
Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken sentences.
4
“Richards… was at the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise… Louise,
Brently's name was on the list.
Brently…was killed, Louise.”
一位已婚女士闻其丈夫 惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己
“
出了一次火车事故，路易丝。
”
姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。
带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。
“
理查兹当时正在报社，
消息传了过来。
路易丝
……
路易丝，
死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。
布伦特里
……
遇难 了，
路易丝。
”
5
Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a
went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her.
sudden storm, her tears broke out. She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She
路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的 那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其来的暴雨，夺眶而出。
她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里 放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任
何人跟 着进去。
6
In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was
physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty.
7
Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds
sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested.
窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗 外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里
一片空白。
窗外，她能看到一片树木，空气闻起来就像春雨过后。她还能听到远处有人在唱歌，房子附近也有鸟儿在 歌唱，白云间露出一
片片蓝天。她平静了下来。
8
She sat quietly, but a few weak tears still fell. She was young, with a fair, calm face that showed a certain strength. But now
there was a dull stare in her eyes. She looked out of the window at the blue sky. She was not thinking, or seeing. She was
waiting.
她静静地坐着，
又有几滴泪水掉落下来。
她很年轻，
白皙安详的脸上显露出一种毅力。
但此时 此刻，
她的眼神中没有一丝生气。
她望着窗外的蓝天。她不是在想，也不是在看，而是在等待。
9
There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it with fear. What was it? She did not know. It was too subtle to
name. But she felt it creeping out of the sky. It was reaching her through the sound, the smell, the color that filled the air.
什么东西正向她靠近，她恐惧地等待着。是什么呢？她不知道。那东西太微妙，说不清楚。但 是她感到它正从天边而来，透过
空气中的声音、气息和颜色正在逼近她。
approaching to take her. She tried to beat it back with her will, but failed. Her mind was as weak as her two small white hands.
When she stopped fighting against it, a little word broke from her lips.
10
Slowly she became excited. Her breath came fast; her heart beat faster. She was beginning to recognize the thing that was
慢慢地，她变得兴奋起来，呼吸急促，心跳加快。她开始意识 到正向她逼近要控制她的是什么东西。她试图用自己的意志力把
这种朦胧的意识打回去，但毫无用处。她 的意志就像她那纤细白皙的双手，脆弱无力，不能将其推开。当她干脆任其自由发展时，
从她的双唇间蹦 出一个词。
11
“Free,” she whispered. “Free, free, free!” The dull stare and look of fear went from her
eyes. They stayed keen and bright.
Her heart beat fast, and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. A sudden feeling of joy held her.
“
自由了，
”
她低语道，
“
自由了，自由了，自由了！
”
茫 然的目光和恐惧的神色一扫而光。她的目光又敏锐、闪亮起来。她的心
跳加快，血液沸腾，全身轻松了下 来。她感到一种突如其来的欢悦。
12
She did not ask if her joy was wrong. She saw her freedom clearly and could not stop to think of smaller things.
13
She knew that she would weep again when she saw her husband's body. The kind hands, now dead and still. The loving
face, now fixed and gray. But she looked into the future and
saw many long years to come that would belong to her alone. And
now she opened and
spread her arms out to those years in welcome.
她想都没想这种欢悦的心情是否 正当。今后的自由清清楚楚地展现在她的面前，别的都是小事，无暇顾及。
她知道她看到丈夫的遗体时还会哭。那亲切的双手再也不能挥动，那可爱的脸庞变得呆滞而又苍白。但她看到 了未来，看到了
将来长远的岁月，那只属于她的岁月。她张开双臂，欢迎那美好的岁月。
14
There would be no one else to live for during those years. She would live for herself alone. There would be no powerful will
this was wrong and that she could break away and be free of it.
bending hers. Men and women always believe they can tell others what to do and how to think. Suddenly Louise understood that
在那些岁月里，她将不再为其他任何人而活着，只为她自己。那时再也没 有人使自己屈从于他的意志。人们总是认为他们可以
叫其他人做什么，叫其他人如何思考。路易丝突然明 白这是错误的，她完全可以从中摆脱出来。
stronger than love.
16
“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.
15
And yet, she had loved him
—
sometimes. Often she had did love mean now? Now she understood that freedom is
然而她曾经爱过他
——
有的时 候。更多的时候她又不爱他。爱到底意味着什么？现在她知道自由比爱情更加强烈，更加重要。
“
自由了！彻底自由了！
”
她不停地低声说道。
17
Her sister Josephine was waiting outside the door.
18
“Please open the door,” Josephine cried. “You will make yourself sick. What are you
doing in there, Louise? Please, please, let me in !”
19
“Go away. I am not making myself sick.” No, she was drinking in life t
hrough that open window.
姐姐约瑟芬在门外等着。
“
请开门，
”约瑟芬大声喊道。
“
你会把自己弄病的。你到底在里面干什么，路易丝？请，请让我进去！
”
“
走开。我不会把自己弄病的。
”
是的，她不会。透过敞开的窗户，她正在领略着窗外生命的气息，体验着生命的美好。
20
She thought joyfully of all those days before her. Spring days, summer days. All kinds of days that would be her own. She
began to hope life would be long. It was only yesterday that life seemed so long !
21
After a while she got up and opened the door. Her eyes were bright; her cheeks were red. She didn't know how strong and
well she looked
—
so full of joy. They went downstairs, where Richards was waiting.
她高兴地想着以后的日子。
春天，
夏天，
所有属于她自己的日子。
她 开始渴望长寿，
而就在昨天她还嫌生命漫长，
看不到尽头！
过了 一会，她起身把门打开。她的眼睛炯炯有神，她的脸颊很红润。她不知道她的身体看起来是多么地健康
— —
充满了喜悦。
她们下了楼，理查兹在楼下等着。
22
Someone was opening the door. It was Brently Mallard, who entered, looking dirty and tired, carrying a suitcase and an
was not killed in the accident. He didn't even know there had been one. He stood surprised at Josephine's sudden
cry. He didn't understand why Richards moved suddenly between them, to hide Louise from her husband.
道发生了车祸。他愣在那里，对约瑟芬的惊叫感 到诧异。他不理解理查兹为什么突然站到他们中间，把路易丝挡起来。
23
But Richards was too late.
24
When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease
—
of joy that kills.
但是理查兹太晚了。
当医生赶到时，他们说她死于心脏病
——
死于心脏承受不了的喜悦。
有人在开门。进来的是布伦特里
·
马拉德，他满面风尘，手提着一只旅行箱并拿着把雨伞。他没有在事故中遇难，他甚至不知
Lesson Two
In the Laboratory
Samuel H. Scudder
Learning Guide
的鱼，竟让他用肉眼整整观察了
三天。然而他所学 到的东西使他终身受益。对学生有问必答、有求必应、事无巨细一概包揽的就
是个好老师吗
?< br>能把老师的知识全部学到的就是好学生吗
?
俗话说严
师出高徒。师应 严在何处
?
徒又高在哪里
?
仔细品味本文，你一
定会有所收获。
history.
我走进阿加西斯教授的实验室，告诉他我已经在自然科学学院报了名，专业是生物学。
2
美国著名昆虫学家塞缪尔< br>·
斯卡德记叙了多年前他初进哈佛读书，
在阿加西斯教授的实验室学习的一段难忘的经历 ：
一条作标本
1
I entered Professor Agassiz's laboratory, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural
3
“
你想什么时候开始？
”
“
就现在，
”
我答道。
4
This seemed to please him, and with an energetic
alcohol.
said nothing and began to work immediately.
这好象让他很高兴，他精神饱满 地说了句
“
好极了
”
，就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子，里面的黄色酒精中浸 泡着标本。
“
把这
条鱼拿去，
”
他说，
“
仔细观察 观
察，过一会我再问问你看到了些什么。
”
说完他就离开了。我很失望，因 为对于一个求知欲很强的
学生来说，老盯着一条鱼看并不富有挑战性，而且酒精也发出一股
难闻的气味。但我什么话也没说，立即开始了工作。
for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student, and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell. But I
5
In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in the fish, and started to look for the Professor
—
who had, however, left. Half
an hour passed
—
an hour
—
another hour; the fish began to look disgusting. I turned it over and around; looked it in the face
—
ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways
—
just as ghastly. I must not use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind.
Just my two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. With a feeling of desperation again I looked
until I was convinced that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me
—
I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I
began to discover new features in the
creature. Just then the Professor returned.
我用十分钟就把鱼身上能看到的东西全看了，然 后开始找教授，然而他已经离开了。半个小时，一个小时，再一个小时过去
了，
那条 鱼显得叫人厌恶。我把它翻过来，转过去，再正面看看，毫无气色，死一样的苍白；从后看，从下看，从上看，从 侧面
看都一样。我不准用放大镜，不准用任何
仪器。只有我的两只手，两只眼睛，还有鱼，这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。带着无可奈
at that fish. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began to count the scales in
the different rows,
何的心情 我再次去看那条鱼。我把手伸进鱼的嘴巴，看看它的牙齿有多锋利。我开始一排排地数鱼鳞片，直到我确信这样做 毫无意
义。最后我忽然想起了一个好主意
——
我把鱼画出来。令我惊奇的是，我开始在 这家伙身上发现了新的特征。就在这时，教授回来
了。
6
7
He listened attentively to my brief description. When I finished, he waited as if expecting more, and then, with an air of
disappointment.
8
features of the animal, which is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again!
“
做得对，
”
他说，
“
使用铅笔是最好的观察方法之一。
”
说完这鼓舞人心的话，他又接着 说，
“
嗯，它象什么？
”
他认真地听着我简 单的描述。我讲完之后，他等了等，好象在期待着我继续说下去，然后脸上显露出失望的表情说：
“
你没有仔细观察，
”
他接着认真地说，
“< br>你甚至连鱼身上最明显的特征都没看到，它就象那条鱼本身一样清清楚楚地摆在你的面
前。再看！ 再看！
”
交代完之后，他就不管我了，让我陷入苦恼之中。
9
I was hurt. Still more of that wretched fish ! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after
another,until I saw how just the Professor's criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the
Professor inquired,
10
11
with a better answer in the morning. I will examine you before you look at the fish.
我的自尊心受到了 伤害。还得继续去面对那条讨厌的鱼！但现在我决心好好地完成我的任务，于是便有了一个一个的新发现，
直到最后我终于明白教授的批评是多么地有道理。下午很快就过去了。快到黄昏时，教授问我：
“看出来了吗？
”
“
没有，
”
我 回答道，
“
没有看出来，但我已认识到原来看出来实在是太少了。
”
“
那也不错，
”
他认真地说。
“
不过 现在我不听你讲，你把鱼放好回家去吧，也许明天早晨有更好的答案，在你看鱼只前我要考考
你。
”
12
This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the objectbefore me, what this unknown
but most visible feature might be, but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.
这真叫人紧张。我不仅必须整夜去想那条鱼，鱼不 在跟前得反复琢磨出那未知但极其明显的特征是什么，而且在无法重温已经
发现的特征的情况下，还要在 第二天准确地描述那些特征。
13
The friendly greeting from the Professor the next morning was reassuring. He seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I
should see for myself what he saw.
第二天早晨，教授友好地向我打招呼，这令我感到安慰。他好象 与我的心情完全一样，急切希望我看到他所看到的一切。
14
15
His thoroughly pleased
enthusiastically
—
as he always did
—
upon theimportance of this point, I asked what I should do next.
“
你的 意思或许是说，
”
我问道，
“
鱼的两边对称，器官成队？
”
他十分满意地说了声
“
对！
”
，让我感到头天 夜里好几个小时的思考没有白费。在他象平常那样非常高兴而又充满热情地谈了这
一点的重要性后，我问 他下一步该怎么做。
16
17
eyes, forbidding me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid.
噢，看你的鱼吧！
”
说完，他又离开了，就留下我一个人。一个小时多一点，他再次回来，听了 我的新发现。
“
很好！很好！
”
他连连说，
“
但这还没完，继续看。
”
就这样，他把鱼放在我的面前整整放了三天，不让 我看任何其它东西，也
不让我使用任何仪器。
“
观察，观察，再观察，
”他再三地指示。
18
The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and I was told to point out the similarities and
differences between the two; another and another followed, until the entire family lay before me.
第四天，另一条同属的鱼摆放在 第一条鱼的旁边，而且要我指出它们之间的相同点与不同点。然后，又是一条，接着另一条，
直到同科所 有的鱼都摆到了我的面前。
me, which we could not buy, with which we could not part.
19
This was the best lesson I ever had. It has influenced the way I have studied ever was something the Professor gave
这是我上过的最好 的一课。自那以后，我的一切学习和研究方法无不受益于这一课。这是教授给我的无价的礼物，是用金钱买
不到的，是一笔不能丢弃的财富。
20
While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement, Professor Agassiz urged them
not to be content with just facts.
在训练学生观察事物及其 规律性的排列时，阿加西斯教授鼓励他们不要仅仅满足于事实。他常说：
“
事实本身意义不大， 只有
与某一自然法则联系起来时才有意义。
”
Lesson Three
Detective on the Trail
J. Jefferson Farjeon
Learning Guide
遂向警方报告。报童在一则广告所
暗示的地点与时间，潜伏 起来，凭借自己的机智和勇敢协助警方捕获了已作案多次的盗窃团伙
首领
——
正是那几 则神秘启事的发送人。
1
Bob Sugg read only certain bits of the papers he sold. Robberies, killings, and things like
that. And that was funny, too,
because he didn't like crime and meant to stop it whenever hecould. Already in his free time he had helped catch several
wrongdoers.
在鲍勃
·
萨格所卖的几种报纸中，他只看其中少量的部分，如抢劫、谋杀以及诸如此类的东西。这事说来也怪，因为他讨厌 犯
罪，而且只要办得到，他都决心随时制止犯罪。在闲暇时间里，他就曾经帮助抓到过好几个罪犯。
2
Bob's favourite part of the newspaper was the page of personal advertisements. The one he was reading right now said:
报纸上，鲍勃最爱看的是私人启事版。现在他正在读的启事 是这样写的：
“
在下星期天别忘了给玛丽阿姨送礼。吵架破坏了大
家的心情。
25
日晚报道。
N. E.
克罗斯。
”
3
Sunday
didn't remember those did N. E. stand for?
“
这条启 事有些蹊跷。
”
鲍勃想。他把启事又读了一遍。干吗要多花钱多写进一个
“
在
”
字？写
“
下星期天
”
不就够了？
“
克罗 斯，克
罗斯。
”
鲍勃确信在以前的私人启事中曾经见过这个名字，但他却记不清那些首 字母了。
N. E.
代表什么呢？
维护社会治安，人人有责。一个机智而且有正义感的伦敦报童，发现报上几则蹊跷的私人启事 似乎与几起盗窃案有某种联系，
4
For some reason that advertisement haunted Bob Sugg. Here was a mystery he wanted to solve.
5
Four days later, a headline about a burglary caught his eye. He quickly read the story. A few minutes later, the man in charge
of the newspaper files saw an excited boy rush into the room.
motioned toward a wide shelf. Bob intently studied a paper.
不知为什么，那则启事时时萦绕在鲍勃
·
萨格的心头。他想解开这个迷。
四天之后，一个有关盗窃案的标题引起了他的注意。他很快读完了报道。几分钟后 ，管理报纸档案的职员看见一个神情激动的
男孩跑进了他的办公室。
“
先生，
让我看看过期报纸，好吗？
”
男孩问。那人向一个宽宽的书架示意了一下，鲍勃就认真 地研究起报
纸来。
6
advertiser, Cross.
7
8
9
10
moment he was gone.
11
Bob hurried into Inspector Hamelin's office, and showed him the headline in the paper.
Square,
this time. Before, he
was W. Cross, and before that, S.W. Cross. ?Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday.
Quarrel upsetting all.
Report evening 25th.' Mr. Hamelin, the first letters of the words spell
?Ramon Square. '
“
看！这两则私人启事。
”
鲍勃激动得喘不过气来，
“
虽然 它们刊登的日期不同，但刊登广告的却是同一个人：克罗斯。
”
“
等等，< br>”
那人打断他的话，
“
首位字母不一样，一个
W. Cross,
另一个是
S. W.
。
”
“上星期四的报纸上还有另一个克罗斯。到底是谁送登这三则启事的呢？
”
鲍勃问。
“
这个信息我们不能告诉你。
”
那人说。
“
那么 ，
”
鲍勃说，
“
不出今天，要是警长不问你这个问题，我就不叫鲍勃
·
萨格。
”
说完这话他就走了。
鲍勃急匆匆 地走进哈梅林警长的办公室，把报纸上的标题给他看。
“
这是有关拉蒙广场的盗窃案，
”
他说，
“
门牌号码虽然不在报
纸上，
但我可以告诉你：
是
5
号。
这回，
盗贼叫
N. E.
克罗斯。
上回，
他叫
W.
克罗斯；
再上回，
他叫
S. W.
克罗斯。
?Remember Aunt
Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all. Report evening 25th.?
这些单词的第一个字母拼在一起就是
?Ramon Square?
，哈梅林
先生。
”
12
13
14
15
16
Inspector Hamelin did so. The first one ran:
17
The second ran:
18
Bob pointed a forefinger at each word in turn.
19
that's the day for the burglary.
“
那首字母
N. W.
就代表东北区罗？
”
“
说得对，
”
鲍勃说：
“
拉蒙广场东北区
25
号；那是地址。星期日就是他选定作案的日子！
”
“
分析得很好。恭喜，恭喜！
”
哈梅林说。
“
我 在几个星期前的新闻报纸中还发现了另外两则启事。给你看看，先生！
”
鲍勃急切地说。
哈梅林警长开始读起来。第一则启事是这样的：
“
星期五。 出于安全的缘故，刘易斯将于
30
日离开北英格兰。
S. W.
克罗斯。
”
第二则启事写道：
“
如果玛丽星期 三（
5
日）不打电话另行通知，老地方见，早来。
W.
克罗斯。
”
鲍勃用手指一字一字地往下指着。
“
第一则启事拼出 来是弗罗斯特巷西南区
30
号，第二则是博物馆街西区
5
号。启事中
出现星期几时，那就是盗窃的日子。
”
the dates you've noted here. Both crimes still unsolved. Lieutenant, call the paper and find out exactly where these
advertisements came from !
20
“
鲍勃，
”
哈梅林 说，
“
你给我们提供了破案的线索。在你提到的日子里，弗罗斯特巷和博物馆街确实发生过盗窃 案。这两起案件
到现在还没有破。中尉，给报社打电话，弄清这些启事的确切来源！
”
21
The lieutenant learned that Mr. Cross had mailed the ads to the paper with city directory showed no such
return address as the advertiser had left.
中尉查明克罗斯先生是通过邮局把启示和费用寄给报社的，但在本市住址簿上查不到登启事人的那个回信地址。< br>
22
23
24
The following week Bob saw the ad he wanted:
Thursday 8th. N. Cross.
25
26
When Bob reached Inspector Hamelin's office, the police already got the information,and Bob was told to return to his job
and read about what was going to happen in the newspaper.
“
那么，抓到他的唯一方法就是留心看报纸了。
”
警官说。
“
报上还会再出现克罗斯签名的启事，那样的话，我们就可以让他上钩！
”
在接下来的一个星期鲍勃看到了他想要看的启事：
“
苏姗。盼信 达八个月之久，心情不宁，寝食不安。下周四（
8
日）早来。
N.
克罗斯。< br>”
“
塞勒姆街北区
8
号。
”
鲍勃说。
鲍勃赶到哈梅林警官的办公室时，警方已获得了这一消息。警方叫鲍勃继续去卖报，从报上了 解将要发生的事。
27
But for Bob Sugg, that was too uninteresting a way of learning the news. After dark on Thursday night he made his way to
Salem Crescent, and hid himself. Every little while hepeeked out and looked at Number 8. Now and then he saw men walking
the time was ripe to swoop down on the criminals.
但对于鲍勃
·
萨格来说，这样获得消息太没意思了。星期四天黑以后，他溜达着去了塞勒姆街 ，躲了起来。每隔一会儿，他就
along the street. Then they disappeared in the dim shadows. They must be plain-clothes men, Bob decided, who would hide until
偷偷地看一下
8
号。他不时地看见有人在街上走着，然后就消失 在昏暗的黑影中，鲍勃肯定这些都是便衣警察，他们先躲起来，时
机一到就会冲向犯罪分子，将他们一网 打尽。
28
Hour after hour Bob waited. Now a distant clock was striking one. Then a voice asked,
29
It was a man in police uniform.
30
have got on to it. Why haven't you gone home with the rest of the police?
鲍勃等了一个小时又一个小时。现在远处的钟声已敲响了一点，就 在这时，忽听一个声音问道：
“
你在这里赶什么？
”
这个人穿着警服。
“
就在塞勒姆街周围转转，来看热 闹。
”
鲍勃回答。
“
但现在不会有什么热闹了，因为骗子已经觉察。哎，你怎 么没和别的警察一
起回家？
”
他接着问。
31
32
33
34
Bob looked intently at the man.
35
probably have twisted your neck.
“
谁说别的警察都回家了？
”
那人问。
“警长告诉我的。
”
鲍勃撒谎道。
“
他说克罗斯先生已经知道我们盯上他了 ，登最后那则启事不过是为了迷惑我们。
”
“
说得对。
”
那人点头道。
“
那你为什么不也回家呢？
”
鲍勃认真地打量了一下 那个人。
“
我本想待在这里，以防克罗斯先生真的还会出现。
”
“
算你运气，你遇到的是我而不是别人，
”
那人笑着说。
“
如果是遇到 了罪犯，周围又没有警察，他很可能扭断你的脖子的。
”
36
Suddenly Bob clapped his hand against his jacket pocket.
mislaid it! I must have dropped it!
figures came running and surrounded the man.
37
Quickly the man looked down. The next instant he received a hard kick that sent him flying. Then Bob Sugg yelled, and dim
突然鲍勃拍了拍上衣口袋。
“
糟了，警长的腰 包没了！我本来找到了，可现在不知道在哪了，一定是弄丢了！
”
那人赶紧往地上看。刹那间，他被狠很地踢了一脚，摔倒在地上。接着鲍勃大声喊叫，那些模糊的人影冲了出 来，把那人团团
围住。
38
a policeman would make him safe. But he looked like a liar to me.
Mr. Cross had put that last ad in as a test and might come along later to see if he'd been found out. He thought being dressed like
“
你们其他的人都穿着便衣，
”
鲍勃后来给警 长解释道。
“
我想这一位为什么没穿呢？也许克罗斯先生登最后那则广告是为了试探
一 下，然后再过来看看是否已被发现。他以为穿得象警察就保险了，但我看他就是一个大骗子。
”
Lesson Four
The Trashman
John Coleman
Learning Guide
偏见、隔阂与歧视不仅存在于种族之间，也存在于不同的 行业之间。社会上对某些工种的歧视尤为深重，如对环卫工人。环卫
校长为了变换一下生活的节奏，请了 两个月的假，去清理垃圾。这
两个月的亲身经历，使他对其中的酸甜苦辣体会颇深。他指出< br>工人整天与垃圾打交道，
难道他们
就脏？难道他们的工作就比别的工作低贱？ 难道对他们就该
“
鄙
”
而远之？一位银行家兼大专院校
了环卫工作的 重要，呼吁社会给予清洁工人应有的尊重。
Saturday, April 7
1
Steve and I hauled trash for four solid hours without a break of any sort, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk
We got eight hours of pay for cleaning up our route no matter how little time it took.
星期六，四月七日
我和史蒂夫用卡车运送垃圾，整 整干了四个小时，除了停下来说了约五分钟的话，没有休息片刻。不管我们用多短的时间清理
完这条线路 上的垃圾，都是按八小时给我们付酬。
2
My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally shook as I started out to the street.
But all the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”
每次我 把满满的垃圾桶扛上肩头，肩膀就疼得要命，当我走向大街时，有时我的腿都在发抖。但我身体的其它部位鼓励我 说：
“
继续干下去，垃圾清理工，继续干下去。
”
3
I could not have guessed that there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours went by quickly.
倒，扛 ，运，再扛，再运，我过去怎么也不会想到这其中还真有乐趣。很快，几个小时就过去了。
back and forth as I made the rounds today. There were many people outdoors, working in their gardens. Most of them looked
4
Saturday meant that most adults were at home on the route. So were school-age children. I thought this might mean more talk
friendly enough. While I wouldn't have time to talk at length, there was time to exchange the greetings that go with civilized ways.
今天是星期六， 住在我们线路上的多数成年人都会在家，上学的孩子也在家。我以为既然是星期六，在我挨家挨户扛垃圾桶
时，会与更多的住户相互打招呼或是说
上一两句话。许多人都在户外，在花园中干活。他们 大多数人看起来都很友好。尽管我没
有时间长聊，但相互打个招呼的时间还是有的，这也是文明礼貌的表 现。
5
That is where I got my shock.
6
I said hello in quite a few yards before the message sank in that this wasn't the thing to onally, I got a straight
man-to man or woman-to-man reply from someone who looked me in the eye
, smiled, and asked either “How are you?” or “Isn't
this a nice day?” I felt
human then. But most often the response was either nothing at all, or a look of surprise that I had spoken
and used familiar words, or a friendly hello.
恰恰在这方面，发生了我根本没有预料到的事情。
我在好几家 的院子里主动和主人打招呼，可几次下来忽然明白过来他们是不愿与清洁工打招呼的。偶尔也得到肯正眼看我，肯
对我笑，肯对我说
“
你好！
”
或者
“
今 天天气真不错！
”
的男士们或女士们的直接回应。在这个时候我才感到我是一个有血有肉的人。
但是在多数情况下，我向他们问好，他们要么完全置之不理，要
么就显出惊讶的神色 ，对我居然开口与他们讲话，居然还使用亲
近的词语，或是对他们友好地说声
“
你好< br>”
感到万分诧异。
7
Both men and women stared at me and said nothing. A woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of
her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and moved quickly indoors. I heard the lock
was hard of hearing and asked my question louder. She seemed a little frightened before she turned coldly away.
不管是男人还是女人都瞪大眼睛看 着我，一句话也不说。一个穿着宽松长袍的妇女看到我从她家房子拐角走过来时，她大吃
了一惊。听到我 问好的声音，她裹紧身
上的长袍，赶紧进了屋。接着我听到门咔嗒一声锁上了。另一个妇女在 她家的院子里有一
个又大又奇怪的动物。我问她那是条什么品种的狗。她目瞪口呆地望着我。
我还以为她耳朵有点背，于是又大声地问了一遍。她
好象也有些害怕，冷冷地转身走开了。
8
The nice response came from women alone. From the way they replied and asked after my health, I knew that at the day's
end when they listed the nice things they had done,
there would be a place on the list for “I spoke to the trashman today.”
click. Another woman had a strange, large animal in her yard. I asked her what kind of dog it was. She gaped at me. I thought she
友好的回应清一色都是 来自女士。她们回答我的问好，并且也向我问好，由此我知道在晚上睡觉前，当她们列举当天做的好事
时 ，一定也会列入这一条：
“
今天我和清洁工说了几句话。
”
9
Steve spoke spontaneously about these things on the long ride to the dump.
10
“The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster.
Say hello and they stare at you in surprise. They
don't know we're human.
在开车去很远的垃圾场的路上史蒂夫没等我问，就谈起了这些事。
“
人们看你的那种神情，就好象清洁工是怪物似的。你要是对他们说声
?
你好?
，他们就会瞪大眼睛看着你。他们不知道我们也是
人。
You're nothing but a trashman. ' I told her,?Listen, lady, I've got an I. Q. of 137, and I graduated near the top of my high
school
class. I do this for the money, not because it's the only work I can do. '
11
“One lady had put ashes from the fire in her trashcan. I s
aid we couldn't take them.
She said, ?Who are you to say what goes?
“
有一位女士把炉灰倒进垃圾箱里，我说我们无法把炉灰弄出来。她说：
?
你是什么人，也有资格 对我指手画脚？你只不过是一
个垃圾清理工！
?
我告诉她：
?
你
听好了，女士，我的智商为
137
点，以我班几乎最好的成绩高中毕业。我干这 个只不过是为了钱，
而不是因为这是我唯一能做的事情。
?
12
“I want to tell them, ?Look, I am as clean as you are, ' but it wouldn't help. I don't tell
anyone I'm a trashman. I say I'm a truck
I believe
we're doing a service that people need, like being a police officer or a fire fighter. I'm not ashamed of it, but I don't go
around boasting about it either.
“
我真想告诉他们：
?
嗨，我说，我可是象你们一样干净。
?
但这不管用。我从不告诉任何人我是一个垃圾清理工，我把我说成
driver. My family knows, but my in-laws don't. If
someone comes right out and asks, ?Do you drive for a trash company?' I say yes.
是一个卡车司机。我的家人知道，
但我的姻亲不知道。如果友人直截了当地问我：
?
你是为垃圾清理公司开车吗？
?
我就老实告诉他
们是。我相信我们干的是人民需要的一种服务工作，就象警察或者
消防队员一样。我并不觉得丢人，但我也不到处宣扬我是清洁
工。
13
“A friend of my wife yelled at her kid one day when they were running out
to meet a
trash truck. ?Stay away from those
trashmen. They're dirty. ' I was angry with her. ?They're as
good as we are, 'I told her. ?You seem to have a lot of sympathy for
them, ' she said.?Yes, I
do.' But I never told her why.”
“
有一次，我妻 子的一位朋友看到她的孩子跑向运垃圾的卡车，就对着他们大喊：
?
离那些清理工远点。他们很 脏。
?
我对她很生
气，跟她说：
?
他们跟我们一样。
?她说：
?
你好象很同情他们。
??
是的，我是很同情他们。
?< br>但我始终没有告诉她为什么。
”
by 2
∶
00.
every load, even if my left shoulder stays sore. I become faster and neater as time goes by. I'm outdoors in clean air. And,
contrary to what people think, I don't get dirty on the job.
14
Our truck was packed full before noon. We drove to the dump, were back on the route by 1
∶
00, and had finished for the day
不到中午我们的卡车就装满了。我们将垃圾运往垃圾场，
一点钟之前又回到我们的线路上继续干，
不到两点当天的活就干完 了。
15
I had planned to stay at this job for only two days. But now I'm going to stay. The exercise is great. The lifting gets easier with
我本来计划这个工作只干两天，但我现在决定继续干下去。这种锻炼很好 。尽管左肩一直疼痛，但垃圾桶每扛一次，就变得越
容易一些。随着时间的推移，我干得越来越快，越来 越利索。我在户外能呼吸到清洁的空气，而且，完全与人们想象不一样的是，
这活并没有把我身上弄脏。
16
I have made up my mind, too, to go on saying hello in backyards. It doesn't do any harm,and it still feels right. Frankly, I'm
proud. I'm doing an essential task, “like a police officer or
a fire fighter.” I left this country a little cleaner than I
found it this morning
Not many people can say that tonight.
我还决心在后院 里向户主打招呼。这没有任何害处，我仍然觉得这是对的。坦率地说，我感到很骄傲。我正在做一件很重要的工作，就象警察和消防队员一样。由于我的工作，我们的国家这会儿比今天早晨更干净了一些。没有多少人能 自豪地这样说。
17
John Gardener has said that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers is in for trouble.
economists and our trashmen; otherwise they'll both leave trash behind.
约翰
加德纳曾经说过，如果一个社会赞扬哲学家而蔑视管道工 ，那么这个社会就会陷入困境。
“
其管道，其理论，都会出问
题。
”
他警告说。他完全还可以进一步呼吁社会既尊重我们的经济学家，又尊重我们的清洁工，否则二者都会给社会留下 垃圾。
“Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water,” he warns. He
might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our
Lesson Five
The Day I Was Fat
Lois Diaz- Talty
Learning Guide
反而是恶意中伤的人道出了我们真
实情况，使我们猛醒。本文作者的一次不愉快的经历，改变了她对生活的态度，成了一生的转
折点， 使她获益匪浅。
1
I was never in great shape. As a child, I was always called
中国有句古话，不能因人废言。对我们身上的缺点或缺陷，亲朋好友往往视而不见，或因为不 愿伤害我们，而尽量回避。有时
when I made the cheer-leading squad in eighth grade it was because I had a big mouth and a great smile, not because I could do
fat person inside of me just waiting to burst onto the scene.
the splits or perform elegant cartwheels. Although I maintained a respectable weight throughout high school, there was always a
我的身材一向不苗条。小时侯，人们都说我
“
丰满
”
。我从来不能象其他孩子那样挺直腰板盘腿而坐。八年级时，我之所以能当
上学校的拉拉队队员，是因为我有
一副大嗓门，笑得好看，而不是因为我会劈叉或是 会做出漂亮的侧手翻。尽管整个中学阶段我
的体重还说的过去，但隐藏在我身体内的那个胖墩却一直在等 着登场呢。
2
Adulthood, marriage, and settling down had bad effects on my weight: I blew up! The fat lady had finally arrived, saw the
welcome mat, and moved right in. No one in my family could tell me I was fat. They knew that I had gained weight, I knew that I
mother said,
but I didn't stop eating.
长大成人，结婚，过安定生活，这一切对我的体重产生了很坏的影响：我一下子像吹气一样 鼓了起来。那位胖太太终于来到
had gained weight, and I knew that they knew that I had gained weight. But to discuss the topic was out of the question. Once, my
teased me because we couldn't lie on the couch together anymore, and I just cried and cried. He never dared to mention it again,
门口，看着写有
“
欢迎
”
字样的蹭脚
垫，就径直走了进去。我的家里人没有谁说我胖。他们知道我长胖了，我知道我长胖了，我也知
道他们 知道我长胖了。但要谈论这个问题简直是不可能的。有一次，妈妈说：
“
你这么漂亮，不显得胖 。
”
这还真是我听到的最接近
说我胖的话。后来，长沙发已经容不下我丈夫和我两个人 同时躺下，他于是取笑了我一句，我伤心得
哭了好久。后来他再也不敢
提这个事了，但我还是没有节制饮食。
3
I had just given birth to my first child and was at least fifty pounds eless, I remember feeling that that time
was the greatest time in my life. I had a beautiful new baby, new furniture, a great husband, and a lovely house. What more could
eating. I tried to lose weight every day, but I couldn't get didn't last through lunch, and I got bigger by the day.
我那时刚生下第一个孩子，体重至少超过正常标准五十磅。然而，我记得那段时间是我一生 中最美好的日子。我有可爱的小
anyone want? Well, I knew what else I wanted: I wanted to be slim and healthy. I just didn't care enough about myself to stop my
宝宝，崭新的家具，体贴的丈夫，漂亮的房子，还要什么呢？噢，我知道我还想要别的什么：那就是，要苗条和 健康。但我就是太
不注意自己的身体，总是不停地吃。我每天都试着减肥，但总是开始不
了。早上决心节食，到了午饭又大吃起来，结果变得一天
比一天胖。
4
One summer afternoon in 1988, as I was headed to the pool with my sister-in-law and our children, I got into an argument with
my disapproval and my concern for our safety. Suddenly, we began shouting at each other. He was about 18, with an ugly, red,
us, our argument became heated.
a teenager who was driving fast and tailing our car. When he nearly ran us off the road, I turned around and glared at him to show
swollen face. The few teeth he had were yellow and rotten. He followed us to the pool and, as he pulled into the parking lot behind
1988
年夏天的一个下午，我、嫂子，还有我们的孩子驾车去游泳池，路上我与 一个十几岁的男孩吵了起来，因为他开车太快，
还紧紧地跟在我们的车后面。有
一回 他差一点把我们挤出了马路，我转过头去瞪着他，表示我的不满以及对我的安全的担心。突
然，我们互相 骂了起来。他大约十八岁，一副丑陋红肿的脸孔，几颗
牙齿又黄又烂。他跟着我们一直跟到游 泳池。当他随着我们
把车开进停车场时，我们的争吵变得激烈起来。
5
6
bitch.
8
Once inside the gates to the pool, my sister- in-law advised me to forget the wholeincident.
9
“
你到底要干什么，你这个泼妇？
”
他叫嚷道。
“
你这个白痴，你怎么开车的？就是要为这事和你评一评理，明白了吗？
”
我下了车，走到车的另一边去抱小孩下车，这时，他笑着对他的朋友说：
“
啊，你看看她，简直就是一个肥婆！去死吧，你这
头肥猪！
”
骂完，他们开 车走了。
进了游泳池的大门，嫂子叫我不要去想刚才发生的事。
“好了，
”
她说：
“
别为了那小子不高兴啦！你没看到他的牙吗？那是个下 三烂的家伙。
”
10
But I couldn't get his words out of my mind. They stung like a whip.
pounds. I can't get rid of my weight easily. I'm just plain fat.
true.
7
When I got out of the car and walked around to get the baby, he laughed to his friend,
它们就象鞭子抽在我身上。
“
看来我是胖，”
我心想。
“
而且不仅仅是长胖了一点点。要把体重降下去可能对我不是件容易的 事。
我明显地就是胖。
”
以前从没有谁说过我胖，那男孩的话让我非常伤心。但他说的 是实话。
11
On that very day, as I sat at the pool hoping that nobody would see me in my bathing suit, I promised myself that no one
would ever call me fat again. The hideous 18-year-old idiot had spoken the words that none of my loved ones had had the heart
to say even though they were true. Yes, I was fat.
就是在那一天，
当我坐在游泳池旁，
暗自希望千万别 让人看到我穿泳衣的样子时，
我对自己发誓以后再也不能让人喊我肥婆了。
那个丑恶的十八岁的 白痴所说的，正是我的亲人谁也不愿说破的实话。我的确是够胖的。
12
From then on, I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape. I started a rigorous program of running and
dieting the very next day. Within months, I joined a gym and managed to make some friends who are still my workout buddies.
However, in the past seven years, I've done more than lose weight: I've reshaped my attitude, my lifestyle, and my self-image.
—
chicken, fish, lean meats, vegetables
—
and I serve my family healthy, protein-rich meals prepared with dietetic ingredients.
The children and I often walk to school, ride bikes, roller-blade, and run. Health and fitness have become essential to our
household and our lives. But what's really wonderful is that, sometime between that important day in 1988 and today, my
self-image stopped being about how I look and began being about how I feel. I feel energetic, healthy, confident, strong, and
pretty. Ironically, the abuse I endured in the parking lot has helped me regain my self-esteem, not just my figure. My body looks
good, but my mind feels great!
从那时起，我就下定决心减肥，重塑体形。第二天，我就开始了严格的跑步和节食计划。随 后的几个月里，我参加了一个健
美操班，在那儿结识了一些朋友，他们
今天仍然是我 健身的伙伴。然而，在过去的七年中，我的收获不仅仅是减轻了体重。我的
处世态度变了，生活方式变了 ，对自己的看法也发生了变化。现在，有关营
养和健康方面的书，能找到的我都看。我甚至还 在考
虑是不是当一名健美操教练。我做的菜都是低脂肪的
——
鸡、鱼、瘦肉、蔬菜。我 为我的家人准备的都是富含蛋
白质、有营养、
Now, I read everything I can about nutrition and health. I'm even considering becoming an aerobics instructor. I cook low-fat foods
有利健康的食物。我和孩子们经常步行去学校，经常骑自行 车，溜旱冰，还有跑步。对于我的家人和我们的生活来说，健康和健美
已经变得非常重要。不过令我感到 最为高兴的是，在
1988
年那个重要的日子以后不知什么时候开始，我的自我感受变了，我不 再
关注我的外在形象，而是注重我的内心感受。我
感到精力充沛、健康、自信、强壮 、漂亮。真是没想到，在停车场受到的辱骂不
仅使我重新有了苗条的身材，还使我恢复了自尊心。现在我 的体形很棒，精神面貌更棒！
13
I hope that the kid from the pool has had his teeth fixed because I'm sure they were one source of his misery. If I ever see
him again, I won't tell him that he changed my life in such a special way. I won't let him know that he gave me the greatest gift he
best days of my life.
但愿 在游泳池旁骂我的那个男孩现在已把牙治好了，因为我相信他的那副牙是他苦恼的根源之一。如果我再次见到他， 我不
会告诉他是他以这样一种特别的方式改
变了我的生活，我也不会让他知道他的一 句实话等于送给了我一份最丰厚的礼物，我更不
会让他知道他骂我肥婆的那天是我生活中最重要的一天而 让他感到得意。
could ever give me just by being honest. I won't give him the satisfaction of knowing that the day he called me fat was one of the
Lesson Six
Another School Year
—
What For?
John Ciardi
Learning Guide
——
用人类历史上一切先进的思
想、灿烂的文化陶冶学生，使他们不仅成为各个行业、领域里的专家，还成为文明社会中教养良
明确自己大学期间的双重任务。
school starting my first semester at a university. A tall boy came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if
to say:
with his hands on his hips.
book which was lying on the desk.
大学的宗旨是什么？上大学的目的又是什么？诚然，
大学是培养专门人才 的摇篮，
但是人们往往忽视了它的另一个重要的作用
好、情操高尚的成员。教育不光是教人要掌 握一技之长，而且还要教
人如何做人。本文作者希望所有的大学生把眼光放宽、放远，
1
Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate
我来告诉你我的教学生 涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。那是
1940
年的一月，我刚刚从研究生院毕业，开始了 在大学第
一学期的教学工作。一个高个子男
生来到我的课堂，坐了下来，两臂交叉往 胸前一放，看了我一眼，好象在说：
“
好吧，你这该死
的，教我点东西吧。
”
两个星期后我们开始上《哈姆雷特》。三个星
期后，他来到我的办公室，两手叉腰。
“
喂，
”
他说，
“
我到这里
来是想成为药剂师的。 为什么要我读这玩意儿？
”
他指着桌子上的那本书。
and that in a university students enroll for both training and education. I tried to put it this way.
said,
and I suppose you need neither education nor training to get you through that third of your life.
2
New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this boy that he had enrolled, not in a technical training school, but in a university,
虽然我是一名新教师，我也完全可以 告诉这名学生，他现在上的是大学而不是技术培训学校，在大学里学生接受的是教育而不
仅仅是培训。我 试着向他这样解释：
“
你的一生中，每天平均二十四小时，其中大约有八个小时要睡觉，我想这 三分之一的时间，
你既不需要培训也不必受教育。
3
pharmacy school
—
or engineering, or law school, or whatever
—
during those eight hours you will be using your professional
skills. You will see to it during this third of your life that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or
that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your involve skills every man must respect, and
supports your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always be sufficient.
they can all bring you good basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what provides food for your table,
“
然 后，
每个工作日的另外八个小时里，
你将从事有用的职业。
假设你读完了药学院，或是工学院，
法学院还是别的什么学院，
在工作的八小时里你将应用你的专
业技能。在你生命的这三分之一的时间里，当药剂师你的责任就是不把氰化钠弄到阿司匹林里
去，当 工程师就不能让工程失控，当律师就要做到你的当事人不会因为
你不称职而上电椅。所有这些 都涉及到人人都必须尊重的
技能，这些技能能满足你最基本的需求。除了满足其它的需求之外，你所从事 的职业将是你养家糊口的经济
来源。这些职业是你
收入的来源，愿你的收入永远够用。
4
—
with the other third of your life? Let's say
you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a profound idea at home?
We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great civilization. Civilizations can exist, however, only as long as they remain
is your family life going to be merely beer on ice? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting? Will your family be
able to speak English and to talk about an idea.? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?
intellectually alive. Will you be head of a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of civilized intellect? Or
“
但是在你完成你 的工作之后，还有另外八小时的时间，也就是说你生命中的另外三分之一的时间你怎么度过？比如说你回到
家与你的家人呆在一起，那么你要把
你的子女培养成什么样的人？孩子们在家里能接触到深 邃的思想吗？我们都自认为我们是伟
大文明社会的成员，然而文明只有保持其创造性，才能存在。将来你 成为
一家之主的时候，你的家庭是否对整个人类文明思想有
起码的了解？或者你下班 回到家之后，是不是在家里只知道喝冰镇啤酒？你家里有书吗？有画吗？你的家人能
不能说英 语？能不
能就一个话题发表意见？你的孩子能不能有机会听到巴赫的音乐？
”
5
That is about what I said, but this boy was not interested.
care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money.
checks.
6
我说的大致 是这些，
可是那个学生根本就不感兴趣。
“
得，
”
他说，
“
你们这些教授按你们的办法教育小孩，
我的孩子我管。
我呀，
我要挣大钱。< br>”
“
我希望你能挣到很多钱，
”
我对 他说，
“
因为你要是不赚钱去买东西就会难受的。
”
put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at
are on your way to being the mechanized savage, the push- button savage.
十四年过去了，我仍然在教书。在这里我仍要 给你说的是，大学的任务不仅仅是对你进行培训，还要向你介绍人类最伟大人
物的思想。如果你不愿抽出 时间读莎士
比亚的作品，学点最基础的哲学，学点艺术，学点我们称为历史的人类发展过程， 那么你
就不该来上大学。你就会成为一个机械化的野蛮人，一个只会按按钮的野蛮人。
8
No one becomes a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one
needs to know in order to be a civilized human.
7
Fourteen years later, I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to
philosophy, for the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history then you have no business being in college. You
谁也不可能在没有人的帮助下就能成为一个文明人。
要是全靠自己去创造成为文明人 所应有的一切知识，
一辈子的时间也是不
够的。
9
Any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics knows more about physics than did
essentially a history course. You have to begin learning what the past learned for you.
many of the great scientists of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew. The first course in any science is
你们今天的年轻人，只要在中学的物理课上没 有睡觉，比过去许多伟大的科学家都懂得的多。你之所以比他们懂得的多是因为
10
This is true of the techniques of mankind. It is also true of mankind's spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both
technical and spiritual, are stored in books. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read
Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and
experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare
—
the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have
not time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is one that
a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein, then you are neither a developed human nor a useful
citizen of a civilization.
人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也 是如此。这些财富，不管是技术方面的，还是精神方面的，大都储存在书本
里。多读一本书，你就多增加 一份经
验。读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑里就有了一些荷马的思想。通过读书，你至少能获得 维吉
尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数前人的一点点思想火花与人生经验，因为一部
伟大的 著作就是一份厚礼，它使你经历你一生中没有时
间去亲身经历的生活，把你带到一个你在现实中没有时间 去遨游的世界。一个文明人的头脑里包含着许许多多
这样的生活经历和
他们把他们的 知识留给了你。任何一门科学的第一课实质上都是历史课，因为刚开始你必须学习前人已经获取并流传给你的知识 。
contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too proud of your own limitations, to accept as
这样的 世界。如果你匆匆忙忙急着去赚钱，或者对自己有限的知识而自鸣得意，从而把亚里士多德或者爱因斯坦的思想这 个提高你
的品德修养的礼
物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个文明社会有用的成员。
11
I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as
specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.
这所大学就没有真正的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。
我认为，要是一所大学不能使你们学生无论作为专门人才还是普通人，去接触你们 的头脑应该有的那些大师们的思想，那么，
Lesson Seven
The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (
Ⅰ
)
Dorothy L. Sayers
Learning Guide
越少了，看到对手的店里总是门庭
若市，他实在是忿忿不平。论手艺，他比对手强得 多，尤其是他那染发的绝艺，那是多年潜心
钻研的结果，现在却无用武之地。日子不好过，巴德先生时刻 留心有什
么挣钱的机会。一天，报上一则悬赏缉拿一名杀人嫌疑犯
的消息引起了他的 注意。这可是一个机会
……
1
￡
500 REWARD
2
The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the
arrest of William Strickland, who is wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.
悬赏
500
英镑
威廉
·
斯特里克兰因涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛
·
斯
特里克兰谋杀案受到警方的通缉，《晚间信使报》向任何一位提供线索能
使警方逮捕威廉
·
斯特里克兰的人奖励以上所设的赏金。
巴德先生在伦敦开了一家不起眼的理发店，生意还算得过去。自从对面的女士美发厅开业以来 ，巴德先生理发店的顾客就越来
3
DESCRIPTION OF THE WANTED MAN
may be dyed; full grey beard, but may now have been shaved off; light grey eyes; large nose; strong white teeth, of which some
are filled with gold; left thumbnail damaged by a recent blow.
4
This is the official description of William Strickland: Age forty-three; height about six feet one inch; thick silver-grey hair, which
嫌疑犯的特征
这是官方提供的对威廉
·
< br>斯特里克兰特征的描述：四十三岁；身高六英尺一英寸；头发浓密，银灰色，有可能染发；络腮胡，
灰色，但可能已刮掉；浅灰色眼睛；大鼻子；大白牙，有几颗用黄金镶填过；左手大拇指指甲最近受到损伤。< br>
5
Mr. Budd read the description carefully. There were hundreds of barbers' shops in London. It was unlikely that William
Strickland would choose his small shop for a haircut, a shave or even to have his hair dyed. Three weeks had passed since the
the description as well as possible. There was a chance. These were difficult times for Mr. Budd, and he was attracted by any
opportunity of making money.
murder, and it seemed very probable that William Strickland had already left the country. But in spite of this Mr. Budd memorised
巴德先生认真地看完了对嫌疑犯特征的描述。在伦敦有几百家理发店，威廉
·
斯特里克兰不太可能选他的这家小理发店理发、
犯的特征。毕竟还是有机会的。近来巴德先生的日子不 好过，任何挣钱的机会对他来说都是很有吸引力的。
6
It may seem strange that, in an age when it was fashionable for ladies to have their hair styled, Mr. Budd should search for
opportunities of making money. But recently a new
of the rival shop and hoped that some of them would come over to him; but they never did. And yet Mr. Budd knew that he was
the better hairdresser. He had studied especially the art of hair-dyeing, and it made him quite angry to see the careless way in
which his rival did this particular branch of his work.
女士们去 发廊做头发已经成为时尚，在这样的时代里，巴德先生却仍要寻找机会挣钱，这件事看来还真有些不可思议。可是
修面、染发。谋杀案已发生三个星期了，威廉
·
斯特里克兰很可能已经离开英国。但即 使这样，巴德先生还是尽可能
地记住了嫌疑
endless stream of young ladies who hurried there to make appointments. Day after day, Mr. Budd watched them going in and out
前不久对面新开了一家
“
女士美发
厅
”
，
结果这家美发厅总是不断地有许许多多的年轻女士们去预约。
日复 一日，
巴德先生看着她们
从他的竞争对手那里出出进进，他是多么希望她们当中有些人会到
他的理发店里来啊，但她们从没来过。然而巴德先生心里却明
白他的理发技术要比对手强 。他专门学过染发这门技艺，看到他的对手马马虎虎地干着他特别擅长的
活，他很是生气。
7
Mr. Budd put the newspaper down and, as he did so, caught sight of his face in the was not the sort of man who
catches a violent murderer by himself. Even with a razor, he would be no match for William Strickland, who had murdered his old
he nearly ran into a large man who suddenly came in through the doorway.
巴德先生放下 报纸，这时他在镜中看到了自己的脸。他可不是单枪匹马就能抓获一个凶狠杀人犯的那种人。即使是拿着刮胡aunt so violently. Mr. Budd shook his head doubtfully and walked towards the door to watch the busy shop opposite. As he did so,
刀，他也不是威廉
·
斯特里克兰的对
手，那可是残杀了自己 老姑妈的家伙呢。巴德先生摇了摇头，对于自己能否对付得了威廉
·
斯特
8
9
The large man quickly took off his coat.
10
“< br>对不起，先生。
”
巴德先生客气地说，他不想失去挣钱的机会。
“
修面 吗，先生？
”
高个子男子很快脱去了外套。
“
想死吗？
”
他凶狠很地问。
里克兰一点也没有把握。他向门口走去，看到对面的理发店很是红
火。就在这时，他差点撞上了一位突然闯进来的高个子男子。
11
The question was so close to Mr. Budd's thoughts about murder that for a moment he was quite frightened.
12
13
14
这个问题与巴德先生想到的谋杀案如此贴近，他一时被吓呆了。
“
对不起，先生，您说什么？
”
他好不容易开口问道。
“
染发吗？
”
那人不耐烦地说。
“
噢，
”
巴德先生松了一口气，
“
是的，先生，当然。”
15
This was a stroke of luck. He could get a good price for dyeing.
put a cloth about his neck.
changed to something less noticeable. Dark brown is the colour that she would like. What do you think?
真走运，染发的价格可比别的高。
“
好，
”
那 人说着坐了下来，让巴德先生在他的脖子上围了一块罩布。
“
老实说，是我的未婚
妻不 喜欢我的红头发，我想，也许可以把头发染成某种不显眼的颜色。深褐色是她喜欢的颜色，你觉得怎么样？
”
16
Mr. Budd, in the interests of business, agreed that dark brown would be very s, it was very likely that there was
no young lady. When a man is going to do something foolish he prefers, if possible, to put the responsibility on to someone else.
< br>为了做成这笔生意，
巴德先生随声附和地说深褐色挺好。
再说，
也许他根本就没 有什么未婚妻。
一个人要是执意要做什么蠢事，
只要可能，他总喜欢把责任推到别人身上。
17
18
The man sat back, and Mr. Budd noticed strong, well-kept teeth, one of which was filled with gold.
“
那很好，
”
那人说。
“
开始染吧。还有，恐怕 胡子也得刮掉。我的未婚妻不喜欢胡子。
”
那人很舒适地靠到 椅子上，这时巴德注意到他那保养得挺好的坚固牙齿，不过其中一颗是镶了金的。
19
—
?
20
—
well the fact is that my young lady is much younger than I am. You can see that my hair
began to go grey early in my life and so I had it she doesn't really like the colour. I should change it to a colour she does
like, eh?
“
先生，我看你以前曾经染过发，
”
巴德先生说。
“你能不能告诉我
……
？
”
“
嗯？
”
那人说。
“
噢，是的。我的未婚妻比我年轻许多。你能看到我 的头发很早就变成了灰白色，所以我把它染了。可她并不
喜欢这种颜色。我应该把它染成她喜欢的颜色， 对不对？
”
21
Mr. Budd got from the man the name of the dye which had been used before and decided that he would have to be careful.
talked about sport and politics, and passed on naturally to the Manchester murder.
Some dyes do not mix well with other dyes. He shaved off the beard. He washed the hair and then began to dry it. Meanwhile, he
巴德先生从 这位顾客那里了解到他以前使用过的染发剂的名称，决定要小心操作。有的染发剂与别的染发剂不太相融。他刮胡
子，洗头发，然后又开始把头发吹干。与此同时，他聊起了体育、政治，随后话题很自然地转到了曼彻斯 特谋杀案。
22
23
24
25
26
27
Mr. Budd fetched the Evening Messenger. The stranger read the article carefully and Mr. Budd, watching him in the mirror,
seen the misshapen thumbnail.
“
警方好象觉得没有希望，已经放弃了。
”
那人说。
“
没准赏金能起些作用呢，
”
巴德先生仍然在想着这件事，说道。
“
噢，还有赏金？我可从没看到过。
”
“
在这份晚报上，先生。你想看看吗？
”
“
谢谢，是的，想看看。
”
saw him suddenly pull back his left hand, which had been resting carelessly on the arm of the chair. But not before Mr. Budd had
巴德先生取来《晚间信使报》。陌生人仔细地读着文章 ，巴德先生就从镜子里观察他，看到他把原来随意放在椅子扶手上的左
手突然缩了回去。但是巴德先生已 经看到了他拇指残缺的指甲。
28
The man looked up sharply and Mr. Budd saw his eyes watching him closely in the mirror. He was examining Mr. Budd's
face to find out how much he knew.
那人猛然抬起头来，巴德先生发现他的眼睛从镜子 里紧盯着自己。他在仔细地观察巴德先生的表情，想弄明白巴德先生到底
知道了多少底细。
29
30
The man laughed.
31
filled with gold.
“
毫无疑问，
”
巴德先生说，
“
这个人现在已经 安然逃离英国。我想，他们提供的赏金太晚了。
”
那人笑了起来。
“
我想也是，
”
他 说。巴德先生心下琢磨，左手拇指有伤同时又有一颗上牙镶了金的人能有多少。
Lesson Eight
The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (
Ⅱ
)
Dorothy L. Sayers
Learning Guide
巴德先生断定他 的顾客就是通缉犯。怎么办
?
他完全可以让那个杀人凶手染完发之后，安然离开，但那不是他的 初衷，他决意
的染发技术，不仅帮助警方将嫌疑犯捉拿归案，还意想不到地使他
的生意从此红火起来。他用的是什么绝技呢？
1
Mr. Budd finished drying the man's head and began to comb the hair which nature had never, never made such a deep red.
巴德先生为那人吹干了头，开始梳理他的头发，那种深红色绝不可能是头发天生的颜色。
2
you late.
3
你尽量快点，行不行？
”
那人和颜悦色，但又有点不耐 烦地说。
“
天已不早了，我怕耽误你下班。
”
拿到赏金。跑出去叫人，不可行。
用刮胡子刀逼他就范，看来也行不通。前人的一句 名言
知识就是力量
使他茅塞顿开。他那高超
“
哪里，先生，
”
巴德先生说。
“
没关系，一点也没关系。
”
4
No
—
if he tried to rush out of the door, this terrible man would jump on him, drag him back and break his head open as he
had done to his aunt.
不行，要是他试图冲出门外，这个凶狠的家伙一定会扑上来，把他拽回去，然后象对待他姑妈 那样，叫他的脑袋也开花。
out of the chair. Mr. Budd began to move round cautiously towards the door.
5
But Mr. Budd was certainly in a position of advantage. A determined man would be out in the street before the man could get
不过，巴德先生肯定处于优势。他要是行动果断，完全可以在那人还没来得及站起来之前，就 冲到大街上了。巴德先生小心翼
翼地转过身，开始慢慢向门口挪动。
6
7
8
“
怎么啦？
”
那人问。
“
我想出去看看几点钟了，先生。
”
巴德先生一边说着，一边乖乖地停了下来。
“
是八点二十五分，
”
那人说，
“
把你弄得这么晚，我会多付钱的。
”
9
is in my up until I take your gun away. Now walk straight out to the nearest policeman. But couldn't
would probably seize him by the wrist and take the razor away.
a razor, go up quietly behind the unsuspecting man and say in a firm, loud voice:
seriously believe that the attempt would succeed. If he held the razor to the man's throat and said,
“
先生，您不必。< br>”
巴德先生说。已经太晚了。他不能再做一次尝试。真的太晚了吗？他可以拿着刮胡刀，悄悄地走 到没有起任
何疑心的那位男子后面，用坚定
而又宏亮的声音说：
“
威廉
·
斯特里克兰，举起手来，你 的性命在我的手里。站起来，让我缴了你
的枪。现在，你径直走出去，走到附近最近的警察那里去。”
不过，巴德先生不可能真的认为这一招能奏效。假如他拿着刮胡刀逼
住那人的咽喉，说：
“
举起手来！
”
那人很可能会抓住他的手腕，把刮胡刀夺走。
It was at this moment that Mr. Budd had his Great Idea.
belonged to his mother. On the handle had been painted the words
10
Mr. Budd told himself that he didn't have to arrest the man.
—
those were the words.
11
As he fetched a bottle from the glass-fronted case, he remembered with great clearness, an old wooden paper-knife that had
巴德先生想他不一定非要自己去抓捕那个人。
“
提供情况使警方抓捕到此人
”——
通告是这样说的。就在这一刻，巴德先生突然
想起了一个绝妙的主意。
当他从正面镶有玻璃的架子上取一只瓶子时，他清楚地记起了曾经属于他母亲的一 把旧木制裁纸刀，刀柄上漆着这样几个字
——“
知识就是力量。
”
12
Mr. Budd experienced a strange feeling of freedom and confidence. He made light conversation as he skilfully dyed the
man's hair dark brown.
13
The streets were less crowded when Mr. Budd let him out. He watched the tall figure cross the square and get onto a bus.
巴德先生突然奇妙地感到一种说不出来的轻松和自信。他一边跟顾客闲 聊着，一边小试身手巧妙地把他的头发染成深褐色。
当巴德先生送他出 门时，街上的行人少了许多。他看着那个高个子背影穿过广场，上了公共汽车。
14
The man at the police headquarters didn't take Mr. Budd seriously at first when he demanded to see
there was no time to waste, he allowed him to pass through.
供曼彻斯特谋杀案的线索，并且时间紧迫时，就立刻给他放行。
which was filled with gold, the thumbnail and the hair which had been black before it was grey or red and which was now dark
brown.
important.
巴德先生感到警察局，要求见一位
“重要人物
”
，起先，警察局的人并没把他当一回事。但当这位小个子理发师急切地说他要提
15
Mr. Budd told his story to an important-looking officer, who listened very politely and made him repeat the bits about the tooth
巴德先生把情况告诉给了一位看上去很重要的警官，
警官非常 有礼貌地倾听着，
又让他把关键的部分再说了一遍：
镶填的金牙，
受损的指甲，以及原 来是黑色，后来变得花白，再后来染成红色，现在已经变成深褐色的头发。
16
He crushed his soft hat into a ball as he leaned across the table and explained the Great Idea that he had had.
17
—z-z-z
—
tzee
—
z-z
—
tzee
—
z-z
—
.
说着说着巴德先生不知不觉地把他的那顶软 帽子捏成了一团，身子向桌子对面靠去，道出他的妙计。
“
吱
……
吱
……
吱
……”
18
The message flashed to ships all round the coast of Britain, to harbours and police centres in England, France, Holland,
Germany, Denmark and Norway, and the people in them heard, with laughter and excitement, the story of Mr. Budd's Great Idea.
消息迅速传 到英国海滨所有的船只，传到英国、法国、荷兰、德国、丹麦和挪威所有的港口和警局。那里的人们听了巴德先生
的妙计后，哈哈大笑，感到十分新奇。
19
The Miranda reached Ostend at 7 a.m. A man burst into the cabin where the radio officer was just finishing his work.
20
晚上七点，米兰达号轮船抵达奥斯坦德港。一个人冲进报务员的船舱，报务员正准备下班。
“
给！
”
他喊道，
“
把这电报发出去 。出事了，船长已经叫了警察。
”
21
The officer turned to his radio. A message started on its way to the English police.
be sent to him. We have been in touch with Ostend police. Waiting for orders.
22
报务员回到发报机前，一条消息发向英国警方。
“
你方所述之人在我船上，把自己锁在船舱里不愿出来。他要求给他请个理发师。我们已经跟奥 斯坦德警方联系。等待命令。
”
23
The captain, with five sailors, went to first-class cabin number 36. The passenger inside could be heard walking up and down
the narrow cabin, moving things and knocking them over. Soon, six Belgian policemen arrived.
船长带着五名船员来 到头等舱
36
号。可以听到乘客在狭小的舱室里来回走动，搬动弄翻室内物品的声音。不一会， 六名比利时
警察赶到了。
24
25
26
27
28
29
The captain knocked at the door.
—
I have had an accident.
“
准备好了吗？
”
“
准备好了。
”
船长敲了敲门。
“
谁？
”
里面的人恶狠狠地问。
“
先生，你要的理发师到了。
”
“
哦！
”
里面的人松了一口气，
“
叫他一个人进来。我
——
我遇到了一些麻烦。”
“
好的，先生。
”
30
31
At the sound of the lock being turned, the captain stepped forward. The door opened a little and was quickly pushed to again,
but the captain had stuck his boot between it and the doorpost. The policemen rushed forward. There was a shout and a shot,
which went harmlessly through the window, and the passenger was brought out.
一听到锁的转动声， 船长立刻跨上前去。门打开了一条缝，很快又关上了，但是船长已经将他穿着长筒靴的一只脚插到了门与
门框之间。警察冲进船舱。只听到有人叫了一声，紧接着听到有枪响，不过子弹飞出了窗外，没有伤着人。最后， 那乘客被带了出
来。
32
33
Green!
“
天哪！”
船上的服务员叫了起来。
“
他一夜之间变成绿的了。
”
绿的！
34
Mr. Budd had not wasted the years which he had spent studying the be haviour of dyes.
knowledge of Mr. Budd had given him the power to put a mark on his man which made him different from every other person in
the world. A murderer could hide himself nowhere when ever hair on his head was bright green.
犯身上留下了标记，使这个嫌疑犯变得与这个世界上任何一个人都迥不相 同。一个满头绿发的杀人犯是无处可以藏身的。
35
Mr. Budd got his five hundred pounds. The Evening Messenger printed the full story of his Great Idea. But Mr. Budd was
afraid. Surely no one would ever come to him again.
巴德 先生多年来悉心研究染料的性能，工夫总算没有白费。
“
知识就是力量。
”
巴 德先生的知识给了他力量，帮他在他识破的疑
巴德先生得到了他的五百英镑。《晚间信使报》刊登了他妙计的全部细节。但巴德先生却担心起来：这一来肯定没人再找他理
发了。
into the little shop.
第二天早晨，一辆蓝色大轿车停在了他的门外。一位满身珠光宝气，穿一件昂贵毛皮大衣的夫人走进他那 小小的理发店。
37
green, at once. Now. I want to be able to say that I'm the first to be done by you. I'm the Duchess of Winchester and Lady
Melcaster is following me down the street, because she wants to be the first!
36
The next morning a large blue car stopped outside his door. A lady, wearing many jewels and an expensive fur coat, walked
“
你就是伟大的巴德先生吗？太好了。现在，亲爱的巴德先生，你一定要帮我一个忙。你把我的 头发染成绿色，马上就染！马
上！
我要争取对大家宣布我是你 第一个把头发染绿的顾客。
我是温切斯特夫人，
梅尔卡斯特夫人正跟在我后边赶来，
她 也想当第一！
”
Lesson Nine
The English Character
Learning Guide
交道，了解其民族特性，至关重
要。学习英语，当然应对说英语的民族略知一二。本 文对英国人的国民性作了较为客观的分析，
对照我们的特性，也许我们还能发现我们可以借鉴的他山之石 。
1
To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English,is
每个民族都受其 本身的历史、文化、居住地的地理条件及所从事的经济活动等多种因素的影响，从而形成了某些特性。与人打one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know
lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that.
a reserved person:he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he
在其他的欧洲 人看来，
英国人，
尤其是英格兰人的最明显的特点是
“
沉默寡言
”< br>。
一个沉默寡言的人不大同陌生人说话，
情感不
大外露，也很少激动。要想了解 一
个沉默寡言的人很困难：他从不谈及他的身世，即使你与他工作数年，也许你不知道他家住 在
哪里，有几个子女，有些什么兴趣爱好。英国人往往就是这样。
2
If they are making a journey by bus they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have
personal questions like
to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start
乘公共汽车旅行时，他们会尽 量找到一个空座位；乘火车旅行时，他们会尽量找到一个空隔间。如果他们不得不与他人共坐一
个隔间， 火车开了数英里也许还不见他们开口说话。即使打开了话匣子，他们也不轻易问起
“
你多大了？
”
或者
“
你贵姓？
”
之类的个
人问题。
3
This reluctance to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways since it tends to give the impression of
coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the
other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or
foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down. We may also mention at this point that the people of the North and
West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the South and East.
从某些方面来说，这种不愿与人交往的特点是件令人遗憾的事情，因为这往往给人以冷漠的 印象。除了北方人以外，英国人
从不以他们的慷慨大方和热情好客而著
称。另一方面 ，虽然他们表面上沉默寡言，但内心还是很有人情味。当友善的陌生人或外
国人打破沉默时，他们也许会 感到很高兴。说到这里，也许我们应该提一
句，英国的北部和西部的人，特别是威尔士人，远不象
南部和东部的人那样缄默。
4
Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than
is, let us say, very good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply
think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like,
such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck.
与英国人的缄默密切相关的是英国人的谦虚。在英国人的内心，他 们的自负不亚于任何其他的民族。但在与别人交往时，他
anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be impolite. If a person
tennis.
们注重谦虚，起码要表现出一种谦虚的
姿态。自夸被认为是 不礼貌的。比如说，一个人网球打得很好，当有人问他是不是一个网
球好手时，他很少会回答说
“
是
”
，因为如果他回答
“
是
”
，人们会认为他< br>
很自负。他很可能会这样回答：
“
还不错。
”
或者
“
我觉得我还
行。
”
或者
“
嗯，我挺喜欢打网球。
”
即使他在去年当地的网球锦标赛上打入了决赛，他也许会说只是碰上了好运气。
5
The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting-point is self- dispraise, and its great enemy is conceit. Its object is
of humor
mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a
madman, or a tragedy or an honorable failure.
著名的英国式幽默感也 与此相似。其出发点是自贬，其大敌是自负。其目的是能够自嘲
——
嘲笑自己的错误，自己的失 败，
the ability to laugh at oneself
—
at one's own faults, one's own failure, even at one's own ideals. The criticism,
甚至自己的理想。在英国，幽默感受到
高度重视，经常听到
“
他没 有幽默感
”
这样的评论。幽默感是对生活的一种态度，而不仅仅是
一听到笑话就能够开 怀大笑。这种态度决不是冷酷，决不是无礼，决不
是恶毒。英国人从不嘲笑残疾人或精神病人 ，也从不会对
一件悲惨的或虽败犹荣的事情幸灾乐祸。
6
Since reserve, a show of modesty and a sense of humor are part of his own nature, the typical Englishman tends to expect
them in others. He secretly looks down on more excitable nations, and likes to think of himself as more reliable than they. He
doesn't trust big promises and open shows of feelings, especially if they are expressed in flowery language. He doesn't trust
write to him. To those who are fond of flowery expressions, the Englishman may appear uncomfortably cold.
因为沉默寡言、谦虚的表现和幽默 感是英国人天生性格的组成部分，典型的英国人总是期望别人也具有这种品质。他从心里
看不起那些容易 激动的民族，总是认为
他们没有自己可靠。他不相信信誓旦旦的诺言，也不相信感情的直接外 露，尤其不相信用
华丽的语言做出的承诺和表达的感情。他对任何的自夸之词都不相信，不管
是人们口头告诉的，还是写信书面表达的。在那些喜
欢用华丽辞藻的人看来，英国人可能显得冷 漠，让人感到很不舒服。
that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, rugby, football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first
to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. The high pressure of modern
international sport makes these ideals difficult to keep, but they are at least highly valued in Britain and are certainly achieved
is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech. Everybody talks of
belt
—
in other
words, never take advantage of a person's misfortune. English schoolboys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a
surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.
self-praise of any kind. This applies not only to what other people may tell him about themselves orally, but to the letters they may
7
Finally, sportsmanship. Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized
organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according
there more commonly than among more excitable peoples. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This
最后再说说体育运动风范。就象幽默感一样，这也是英国人的理想，尽管不是每个英国人都 能做到这一点。我们应该认识到，
现代形式的体育运动几乎都是英国人的发明。拳击、橄榄球、足球、曲 棍球、网球和板球都是源于英国，并且首先在英国制订出比
赛规则。比赛规则反映了体育运动的本质，具 有体育运动风范就是能够
按照体育运动规则进行比赛，同时又能对对手宽大为怀，
失 败时也能心平气和。现代国际体育运动的巨大压力使得这些理想目标很难保持，但在英国这些理想目标至
少还能得到高度的重
视，而且与那些容易激动的民族相比，英国人在达到这些理想目标方面做得 更好。此外，体育运动风范作为理想准则也适用于日常
生活。
这一点
可以通 过日常会话中用到的许多体育用语得到证实。
每个人都会谈到
“
公平比赛
”< br>、
“
遵守规则
”
或者
“
公平竞争
”
。
成语
“
直
接出击
”
起源于拳击运动，用来表示
一针见血而又措辞严厉的批评。
“
击打对方腰带以下的部分
”
则用来 表示不公正的批评。生活的
基本规则之一是
“
决不打已经倒在地上的人
”，
也就是说，
决不乘人
之危。
在英国，
这种体育运动 风范常常在中小学的男生相处时高
度地表现出来。
Lesson Ten
Thank You, Ma'am
Langston Hughes
Learning Guide
这是一个大个子女人和一个瘦瘦的少年之间的故事。一个漆黑的夜晚， 在马路上，
少年抢了女人的包，
女人抓住少年并把他拖到家里，没有揍他，也没有骂他，
更没有把
他交给警察，而是叫他洗去脸上的污迹，叫他吃饭，给他钱叫他去买一双他喜欢的 麂皮
鞋，
还叫他今后规规矩矩做人。
她给予少年的不仅仅是钱，
她给了他
信任、
关爱和自尊，
这才是此刻少年真正所需要的。
1
She was a large woman with a large purse that had everything in it but hammer
and carried the purse slung across her shoulder. It was about eleven o'clock
at night, was walking alone when a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch
her purse. The purse strap came off, but he pulled so hard that he lost his balance. He
fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. The large woman turned around,
picked him up by his T-shirt and shook him hard.
她是一个身材高大的女人，带着一个大挎包，挎包里什么 都有。她的挎包背在肩
上。那是一个漆黑的夜晚，大概十一点钟。她一个人在街上走着走着，突然一个男
孩
从她身后冲了上去，想抢走她的大挎包。挎包带一下被拽断了，但由于用力过猛， 他失
去了平衡，一下子跌到人行道上，四肢朝天。身材高大的女人转过身来，揪
住男孩的
T
恤衫，把他拽了起来，并使劲地左右摇晃。
2
After that, the woman said,
tightly.
3
Held up by his T-shirt, the boy said,
4
The woman said,
5
6
7
8
The boy said,
She said,
9
过后，那个女人说：
“
把我的钱包捡起来，小子。把它给我。
”< br>她把他仅仅抓住。
“
难
道你不为自己感到害臊吗？
”
女人仍然拽着他
T
恤衫，这个男孩答道：
“
是 的。
”
那个女人说：
“
你为什么要抢我的钱包？
”
男孩说：
“
我是开玩笑的。
”
她说：
“
撒谎！
”
“
太太，对不起。
”
男孩低声说道。
“
呀！你的脸真该洗一洗了，你在家难道不洗脸吗？
”
“
是的。
”
男孩说。
10
street,dragging the frightened boy behind her. He was thin and looked as if he was
fourteen or fifteen. He had on tennis shoes and blue jeans.
“
那今晚你就得好好洗一洗了。”
身材高大的女人说着，拽着那个吓坏了的男孩，沿
着马路朝前走去。他很瘦，看起来好像 只有十四五岁，穿着网球鞋，还有蓝色牛仔裤。
11
now is to wash your face. Are you hungry?
12
13
Washington Jones.
“
如果你是我儿 子，
我就要教你分辨是非。
而现在我所能做的就是给你洗脸。
你饿了
吗？”
“
不饿。我求你让我走吧。
”
“
先生，
等我把你教训完了以后，
你就忘不了卢埃拉
贝茨
华盛顿
琼斯太太的名字
了。
”
14
Sweat bathed the boy's face and he began to struggle. Mrs. Jones continued to
drag him up the street. When she got to her door, she dragged the boy inside, down a
hall and into a room at the back of the house. She turned on the light and left the door
open. The boy could hear people laughing and talking in the house.
那 个男孩满脸是汗
,
他开始挣扎起来。
琼斯太太继续拽着他沿着马路往前走去。
到了
她家门口，
她使劲把男孩往里拽，
顺着门厅把他拖进了房子后面的一个房间。他开了灯，
但没有把门关上。男孩能听到房子里有人在谈笑。
15
She said,
16
17
him go
—
at last. Roger looked at the door. He looked at the woman. He looked at the
door
—
and then he went to the wash basin.
她问：
“
你叫什么名字？
”
“
我叫罗杰，
”
这个男孩答道。
“
罗杰，你到洗脸盆那里把脸洗一洗，
”
那个女人说道。她终于放 开了他。罗杰看看
门，再看看那个女人，再看看门，然后朝洗脸盆走去。
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