事倍功半快速掌握英语六级语法

2021年1月24日发(作者：elegant什么意思)
虚拟语气用法详解

一、

条件句中的虚拟语气

1.

条件句中虚拟语气的形式

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符 或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能
获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有 三种不同的形式。

时间



将来






从句谓语形式

动词过去式
(be
用
were)
should +
动词原形

were to +
动词原形

现在

过去

动词过去式
(be
用

were)
had +
动词过去分词

would / should / might / could +
动词原形

would / should / might / could have +
动词过去分词



would / should / might / could +
动词原形




主句谓语形式


2.
中的虚拟语气的举例

(1)
将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If
he
should
go
to
Qing
Hua
University,
he
would
make
full
use
of
his
time.
如果他
要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

If
he
were
to
come
here,
he
would
tell
us
about
it.
如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一
声。

(2)
现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If
he
were
free,
he
would
help
us.
要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。

If
he
studied
at
this
school,
he
would
know
you
well.
如果他在这所学校学习的话，它
会对你很熟悉。

(3)
过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If
I
had
seen
the
film,
I
would
have
told
you
about
it.
我如果看过这场电影，
我会把电
影内容告诉你了。

If
I
had
got
there
earlier,
I
would
have
met
Mr.
Li.
如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了
李先生。

3.

运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题

(1)
当从句的主语为第 三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词
be
时，可用
was
代替
wer e
。
但在倒装虚拟结构及
if
I
were
you,
as
it
were
中，只能用
were
。如：

Were
I
ten
years
younger,
I
would
study
abroad.
要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外
学习。

If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
my
best
to
grasp
the
chance.
要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓
住这次机会。

(2)
有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。

①
从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：

If
I
had
worked
hard
at
school,
I
would
be
an
engineer,
too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的
话，我现在也会使工程师了

If
they
had
informed
us,
we
would
not
come
here
now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我
们现在就不会来这里了。

②
从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：

If
he
were
free
today,
we
would
have
sent
him
to
Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们
会已经派他去北京了
(from
)
。

If
he
knew
her,
he
would
have
greeted
her.
要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

③
从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：

If
it
had
not
been
raining
too
much,
the
crops
would
be
growing
much
better.
如果天
不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。

If
he
had
been
working
hard,
he
would
be
working
in
the
office
now.
要是他工作一
直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了

(3)
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有
were,
should,
had
时，
if
可省略，而将
were,
should,
h
ad
等词置于句首。如：

Should
he
agree
to
go
there,
we
would
send
him
there.
要是他答应去的话，
我们就派他
去。

Were
she
here,
she
would
agree
with
us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had
he
learnt
about
computers,
we
would
have
hired
him
to
work
here.
如果她懂一些
电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
(from
)
。

(4)
有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：

I
would
have
come
to
see
you,
but
I
was
too
busy.
我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。

But
for
his
help,
we
would
be
working
now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without
your
instruction,
I
would
not
have
made
such
great
progress.
要是没有你的指
导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

(5)
有时，虚 拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感
情。

①
省略从句

He
would
have
finished
it.
他本该完成了。

You
could
have
passed
this
exam.
你应该会通过这次考试了。

②
省略主句

If
I
were
at
home
now.
要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If
only
I
had
got
it.
要是我得到它了该多好啊。

二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气

1.

目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)
在
for
fear
that,
in
case,
lest
引导的目的状语从句中，
若用虚拟语气时，
从句谓语为：

should
+
动词原形。并且

should
不能省略

She
examined
the
door
again
for
fear
that
a
thief
should
come
in.
她又把门检查了一
遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He
started
out
earlier
lest
he
should
be
late.
他很早就出发了以防迟到。

(2)
在
so
that,
in
order
that
所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：

can
/
may
/
could
/
might
/
will
/
would
/
should
+
动词原形。如
(from
)
：

He
goes
closer
to
the
speaker
so
that
he
can
hear
him
clearer.
他走近说话的人以便能
挺得更清楚。

He
read
the
letter
carefully
in
order
that
he
should
not
miss
a
word.
他把信读得很仔
细以便不漏掉一个单词。

2.

让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)
在
even
if,
even
though
所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结
构与
if
所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：

Even
if
he
were
here
himself,
he
should
not
know
what
to
do.
即使他亲自来也不知该
怎么办。

Nobody
could
save
him
even
though
Hua
Tuo
should
come
here.
即使华佗在世也救不
了他。

(2)
在
whatever
，

whichever
，
whenever
，
whoever,
wherever
，
however,
no
matter
wh-wo
rd
等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：

①

may
+
动词原形
(
指现在或将来
)
。如：

We
will
finish
it
on
time
no
matter
what
/
whatever
may
happen.
不管发生什么事，我
们都要按时完成。

We
will
find
him
wherever
/
no
matter
where
he
may
be.
无论他在哪里，我们都要找
到他。

I
will
wait
for
him
no
matter
how
late
he
may
come.
不管他来的多么晚，
我都会等他。

②

may
+
完成式
(
指过去
)
，主句结构不限。如：

You
mustn
’
t
be
proud
whatever
/
no
matter
what
great
progress
you
may
have
made.
不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲
(from
)
。

We
must
respect
him
no
matter
what
/
whatever
mistakes
he
may
have
made.
不管他
翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

(3)
在
though,
although
等引导的让步状语从句中，
从句虚拟语气结构为

should
+
动词原
形，主句结构不限。如：

Although
/
Though
he
should
often
be
late,
he
is
a
good
student.
尽管他经常迟到，他
还是个好学生。

Although
/
Though
he
should
be
secretary,
he
must
obey
the
rules.
尽管他是书记，他
也必须遵守规定。

3.

方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as
if,
as
though
引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：

表示所发生的时间

发生在主句动作之前

与主句动作同时发生

发生在主句动作之后

例如：

They
began
to
talk
warmly
as
if
they
had
known
each
other
for
long.
他们开始热烈的
谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。

He
coughed
twice
as
if
someone
should
come.
他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。

4.

原因状语从句中的虚拟语气

amazed,
angry,
annoyed,
astonished,
disappointed,
frightened,
happy,
pleased,
proud,
sorr
y,
surprised,
upset
等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

①

should
+
原形动词
(
指现在或将来
)
。如：

He
was
angry
that
you
should
call
him
by
name.
他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。

虚拟语气结构

had +
过去分词

过去时
(be
用
were )
would / could / might / should+
原形动词

I
was
astonished
that
he
should
not
answer
such
an
easy
question.
我很惊讶他竟答不
出如此简单的问题。

②

should
+
完成式
,
指过去。如：

I
’
m
very
sorry
that
you
should
have
failed
the
exam.
我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。

I
was
very
surprised
that
Father
should
have
known
what
I
did
yesterday.
我很吃惊，
父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情
(from
)
。

三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1
．
英语中，如：
advise,
ask,
demand,
desire,
decide,
insist(
坚决要求
)
,
order,
propose,
r
equest,
suggest(
建议
)
表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的 宾语从句一般用虚拟
语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：
(should)
+
原形动词。如：

The
teacher
advised
that
we
should
make
good
use
of
every
minute
here.
老师劝我们
要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。

The
Party
asked
that
we
should
serve
the
people
with
our
heart
and
soul.
党要求我们
要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当
insist
的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；
suggest
的 意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等
时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：

Tom
insisted
that
he
hadn
’
t
stolen
the
watch.
汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。

His
smile
suggested
that
he
had
succeeded
in
this
exam.
他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。

2.

believe,
expect,
suspect,
think,
imagine
等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚
拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

should
+
原形动词。如：

Can
you
believe
that
he
should
kill
a
tiger?
你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？

Can
you
imagine
that
he
should
take
the
first
place
in
the
long
jump
contest?

你能想
象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？

3.

英 语中，
wish
之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚
拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为
(from
)
：

表示所发生的时间

发生在主句动作之前

虚拟语气结构

(1)
had +
过去分词；

(2)
would / could / might / should + have +
过去分词

与主句动作同时发生

发生在主句动作之后

过去时
(be
用
were )
would / could / might / should +
原形动词

例如：
I
wish
I
learnt
English
well
.
我希望我已学好了英语。

I
wish
I
had
been
there
with
them
last
week.
我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。

He
wishes
we
could
go
and
play
games
with
him.
他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。

4.

英语中，
would
rather,
had
rather,
would
sooner
等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实
不相符的一种 愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

表示所发生的时间

过去

现在

将来

虚拟语气结构

had +
过去分词；


过去时
(be
用
were )

过去时
(be
用
were )

例如：
I
’
d
rather
you
had
seen
the
film
yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I
’
d
rather
you
were
here
now.
我倒想你现在在这儿。

We
’
d
rather
you
went
here
tomorrow.
我么倒想你明天去那儿。

四、主语从句中的虚拟语气

在表达惊异 、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其
的结构为：

should
+
动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。

句型：

(1)

It
is
admirable
/
dreadful
/
extraordinary
/
odd
/
remarkable
/
sad
/
advisable
/
ann
oying
/
disappointing
/
surprising
/
upsetting
/
frightening
/
better
/
best
/
curious
/
desirabl
e
/
important
/
strange
/
peculiar
/
proper
/
necessary
/
natural
?
that
?

(2)

It
is
a
pity
/
a
shame
/
no
wonder
?
.
that
?

(3)

It
is
suggested
/
requested
/
desired
/
proposed
/
?
.
that
?

(4)

It
worries
me
that
?

如：
It
is
important
that
we
should
do
well
in
our
lessons
first.
我们先把功课学好很重要。

It
is
strange
that
he
should
not
come.
很奇怪，他竟没有来。

It
is
a
pity
that
we
should
not
meet
last
night.
真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。

It
worries
me
that
we
should
be
blamed
for
that.
我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。

五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气

英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词
advice,
desire,
decision,
idea,
instruction,
order,
plan,
proposal,
recommendation,
request,
requirement,
suggestion,
wish
充当句子的主语
而后面接表语从句或它们 后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语
气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
( should)

+
动词原形。如：