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rouge我的讲课---第二讲-定语从句

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2021-01-24 13:44
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2021年1月24日发(作者:nacn)

我的讲课
---
第二讲
-
定语从句




























第二讲

定语从句与倒装句


一、复习:虚拟语气

1)

I
wish
_______________








(
我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会
).

2)

If
only
_______________











(
他知
道这病是可以治好的
)!
Then
he
would
not
have killed himself.
3)

——

Would you
like
him to
paint your door
with yellow stars?



I’
d
rather
he
______________








_ (
漆成蓝色的,而且不带任何装饰
).

4)

It

s
5)

Hugh
6)

We
high
time
that
talks
that
______________








______________








_______________








_

(
采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题
).

usually
insist
_

(
仿佛在大会上发表演说似的
).

(
让杰克立刻进医院
).
7)

We
are
going
to
discuss
his
suggestion
that
_______________










(
取消期中考

).

8)

It
is
essential
that
______________








_(
每个人都为紧急情况做好准备
).


9)

_______________















(
如果他
按照我告诉他的办法订票
),
we
would
have
had quite a comfortable journey.
10)

I
was
to
have
made
a
speech
______________







_(
要不是有人把我
的话打断了
).
11)

_______________












(
如果我一
直住在纽约
), I would know the U.S. well now.
12)

If
the
doctor
had
not
come
in
time,
_______________











(
他现在就不
在人间了
).

13)

But
for
his
help,
_______________








(
我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了
).

14)

Were
I
in
your
place,
_______________








(
我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会
).

15)

Had
it
not
been
for
their
opposition,
_______________(
这项法案早就通过了
).


二、语法讲解

定语从句(
Attributive clauses



在句中修饰名词或代词的从句,
因其修饰作用 相
当于形容词,
故称形容词性从句,
即通常所说的

定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。



:
先行词

+
关系词

+
从句



1
.关系代词:

1

who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,
在从句
中 作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。
例如:


Is
he
the
man
who/that
wants
to
see
you?
(who/that
在从句中作主语
)

He
is
the
man
(whom/
that)
I
saw
yesterday.

whom/that
在从句中作宾语)


2

whose
用来指人或物,
在定语从句中作定语,


例如:


Please pass me the book whose cover is red.
(指
物)


The
lawyer
whose
name
is
Wang
Jin
lives
in
Nanjing.
(指人)


3

which,
that
所代替的先行词是事物的名词或
代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如:


Great changes which / that have never been seen
before appears in the countryside.



which / that
在句中作主语)


The
package
(which
/
that)
you
are
carrying
is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。

which / that
在句中作宾语)



2.
关系副词引导的定语从句


when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which.
如:


I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he
arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the
third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did
it.

注:先行词是
the way
时,其后的定语从句关系
词有三种,例如:


I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives
his lessons.

从句缺少的是主语、
宾语还是状语是确定用关 系
代词还是关系副词的关键。
也就是说要看先行词
在定语从句中担任什么成分



试比较:


I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in
Hongkong.

( spent
是及物动词,
后缺宾语,
因此用关系代词
或省略

)

I
will
never
forget
the
day
when/on
which
Hongkong returned to its motherland.



从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系
副词或介词加关系代词




The reason

that/which

he gave for not coming
to school yesterday is unbelievable.

( gave
是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词
或省略

)

The
reason
why
he
didn’t
come
to
school
yesterday is unbelievable.



从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系
副词或介词加关系代词





3.
关系代词
that
which

that

who
的一些
特殊用法:

指物时,关系代词
that

which
一般情况 下可
换用,但以下几种情况下一般用
that



1

先行词是
all, everything, something, anything,
nothing, none, few, little, much
等不定代词;或
是先行词被
all, every, some, any, no, few, little

修饰时:


Is
there
anything
(that)
I
can
do
for
you
in
town?

注 :当
something
确指某物或某事时,用
that

whic h
都可以,如:


There
is
something
that/which
keeps
worrying
me. “
有一件事一直令我不安。


2)
先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词
the
first,
the second…, the last
修饰时:


This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

3)
先行词被
the only

the very
修饰时:


The
only
thing
that
matters
is
to
find
our
way
home.

4)
先行词既有人又有物时:


They talked about the persons and things (that)
they remembered in the school.

5)
当主句是由
who

w hich
引导的特殊问句时,
为避免重复,定语从句中常用
that



Who is the man that is standing by the door?


Which
is
the
dictionary
(that)
you
bought
yesterday?

只能用
which
的两种情况


1)
非限制性定语从句
,
先行词为物


e.g.
Yangtze
river,
which
is
the
third
longest
river, lies in China.

2)
整句话当先行词


It rained a lot, which made a flood happened

只能用
as,
不能用
which, that, who
的两种情况


1)
先行词被
such, the same
修饰时


e.g.
I’ve
never
hea
rd
of
such
a
terrible
earthquake as you told me.

You are
using the same
pen as I
lost yesterday.
(
像,两支
)

You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.
(正是,同一支)


2)
非限制性定语从 句提前
,
关系词用
as,“
正如

所知道
,
所期望

的一样


e.g. As we know

Taiwan belongs to China,

当先行词是
anyone, those, these, he, she
等代词< br>表



时,一般用
who
而不用
that



Anyone
who
wants
a
ticket
please
sign
your

name here.

Those who want to go to the English party must
be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.

He
who
doesn’t
reach
the
Great
Wall
is
not
a
true man.

当关系代词在定语从句中作表 语时,
通常用
that
而不用
who



He is no longer the man that he used to be.


4.
一种特殊的非限制性定语从句


在非限制性定语从句中,
有时根据句子意思,


some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most,
neither,
either
等词、分数或百分比与
of
whom

of which
连用。


He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

(
比较:
He has five children, and two of them are
abroad.)

We
have
tested
three
hundred
types
of
boots,
none of which is/are completely waterproof.

(
比较:
We
have
tested
three
hundred
types
of
boots,
but
none
of
them
is/are
completely
waterproof.)



定语从句中易犯的错误


1.
在定语从句中加了多余的定语


e.g. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
(them)

2.
把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错


e.g.
Anyone
who
break
the
rules
will
be
punished. (breaks)

Those who has finished may go home. (have)

He
is
the
only
one
of
the
teachers
who
know
English in our school. (knows)

This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)

3.
误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词


e.g. Children

eat a lot of sugar often have bad
teeth. (who / that)

4.
定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词


a). The house where he lives in needs repairing.
( where he lives


that he lives in)

b) I still remember the day on when I first came
to Beijing. ( the day when


the day on which)

5.
在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关
系代词或关系副词



I still remember the day when we spent together.
(that / which)

This
is
the
house
where
we
lived
in
last
year.
(that /which)

6.
在先行词
reason
后错用关系副词
why

I don’t believe the reason why he has given for
his being late. (that /which)

7.
主句不完整
,
首先要补充完整


This factory is

that I worked in. (the one )

8. what
引导的名词性从句做主语
,
宾语
,
表语


That can be done has already been done. (what)

9.
误将强调句型当定语从句


I
was
in
the
kitchen
where
the
fire
broke
out.
(that)


练习:


1

All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

2

He paid the boys $$10 for washing ten windows,
most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a
year.

A. these B. those C. that D. which


3

In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person ____ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

4

Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role in the play, ____, of course, made the

others unhappy.

A .who B. which C. this D. what

5
.①
John
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
____ French




John is one of the students who ____ French



A

know B

knows C

knowing D

known

6
.①
This
is
the
knife
____
I
usually
cut
my
pencil




This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my
pencil



A

with which B

which C

by which D

with that

7
.①
Who lives in the house ____ windows face
south




Who lives in the house ____ the windows face
south



A

whose B

which C

of which D

that

8
.①
Is this factory ____ you visited last year





Is this the factory ____ you visited last year



A

that B

of which C

the one D

where

9
.①
When
I
have
trouble

he
is
the
only
one
____I can ask for help




When I have trouble

he is the only one ____ I
can go for help



A

whom B

to whom C

which D

to who

10
.①
The reason ____ he gave us was that his
car broke down on the way




The
reason
____he
was
late
was
that
his
car
broke down on the way



A

for which B

which C

how D

what

翻译:

The social Security Retirement Program is made

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