giraffe3. 阅读长难句考点

2021年1月24日发(作者：雏鸡)
基础阅读知识点总结（长
难句方面）

基础阅读
----
长 难句方面的
考点（报刊文章长难句特
点）

除过一些比较规范的长难
句之外，应注意以下各种
带有报刊文章特点的长难
句：

考点一、宾语后置

考点二、同位语更后置

考点三、定从状意

考点四、倒装结构

考点五、

否定结构

考点六、省略结构

考点七、状语分割

考点八、破折号、
as
分割

考点九、
than
与
as
考点十、关联和转承语

考点十一、左二右五原则
及串并联定语

考点一、宾语后置

1) I shall define him as
an
individual
who
has
regarded as his primary duty
and
pleasure
in
life
the
activity
of
thinking
in
a
Socratic(
苏
格
拉
底
的
)way
about moral problems.

2)
The
goal
of
all
the
books
will
be
to
try
to
explain
to
a
confused
and
often
unenlightened
citizenry
that
there
are
not
two
equally
valid
scientific
theories
for
the
origin
and
evolution
of
universe
and
life.
3
）
The health research
community
should
actively
recruit
to
its
cause
not
only
well-known
personalities
such
as
Stephen
Cooper,
who
has
made
courageous
statement about the value of
animal research, but all who
receive medical treatment.
4) Jack London poured
into his writings all the pain
of
his
life,
the
fierce
hatred
of the bourgeoisie that it had
imposed
on
him,
and
the
conviction it had brought to
him that the world could be
made
a
better
place
to
live
in if the exploited would rise
up and take the management
of
society
out
of
the
hands
of the exploiters.

考点二、同位语更后置




1)
For
example,
we
know
that
the
idea
commonly
accepted
when
the first edition of this book
was
printed,
that
life
was
altogether
absent
in
the
deeper
parts
of
the
sea,
is
not true.
3)
When
reports
came
into London Zoo that a wild
puma had been spotted forty
miles south of London, they
were not taken seriously.
4)
Darwin
did
not
accept
as
well
founded
the
charge made by some of his
critics
that,
while
he
was
a
good
observer,
he
had
no
power of reasoning.
考点三、定从状意

1)
Behaviorists suggest
that
the
child
who
is
raised
in
an
environment
where
there
are
many
stimuli
which
develop
his
or
her
capacity
for
appropriate
responses
will
experience
greater
intellectual
development.
2)
No
action
could
be
effectively
undertaken
without
active
participation
and
full
cooperation
of
Egypt’s
trading
partners,
which
are
permanent
member of the UN Security
Council and as such assume
a very special responsibility
toward the UN.
3)
Creating
a
“
European identity
”
（欧洲
品
牌
）

that
respects
the
different
cultures
and
traditions which go to make
up
the
connecting
fabric
of
the Old Continent is no easy
task and demands a strategic
choice.




4)
I
t
has
rumor
that
more
than
20
books
on
creationism/evolution
are
in
the
publisher's
pipelines.
A
few
have
already
appeared.
The goal of all will be to try
to explain to a confused and
often
unenlightened
citizenry
that
there
are
not
two
equally
valid
scientific
theories
for
the
origin
and
evolution
of
universe
and
life.
Cosmology,
geology,
and biology have provided a
consistent,
unified,
and
constantly
improving
account
of
what
happened.

creationism,
which
is
being
pushed
by
some for
classrooms
whenever
the
scientific
accounts
of
evolution are given, is based
on
religion,
not
science.
Virtually
all
scientists
and
the
majority
of
non- fundamentalist religious
leaders have come to regard

creationism
as
bad
science
and
bad
religion.


in
the
passage
refers
to
________.

[A]
evolution
in
its
true
sense as to the origin of the
universe

[B]
a
notion
of
the
creation of religion

[C]
the
scientific
explanation
of
the
earth
formation

[D]
the
deceptive
theory
about
the
origin
of
the
universe




5
）
A history of long and
effortless
success
can
be
a
dreadful
handicap
，
but
，
if
properly
handled
，
it
may
become
a
driving
force.
When
the
United
States
entered
just
such
a
glowing
period
after
the
end
of
the
Second World War
，
it had a
market
eight
times
larger
than any competitor
，
giving
its
industries
unparalleled
economies
of
scale.
Its
scientists were the world
’
s
best
，
its
workers
the
most
skilled.
America
and
Americans
were
prosperous
beyond
the
dreams
of
the
Europeans
and
Asians
whose
economies
the
war
had destroyed.




The
U.
S.
achieved
its
predominance
after
World
War II because_____
A. it had made painstaking
efforts towards this goal
B. its domestic market was
eight
times
larger
than
before
C.
the
war
had
destroyed
the
economies
of
most
potential competitors
考点四、状语分割





1)
Nor,
if
regularity
and
conformity
are
as
important
to
the
scientist
as
the
writing
of
his
papers
would
reflect,
is
management
to
be
blamed
for
discriminating
against
the

among
researchers in favor of more
conventional
thinkers
who


2) Vitamins are organic
compounds
necessary
in
small amounts in the diet for
the
normal
growth
and
maintenance
of
life
of
animals..





3) The second aspect is
the
application
by
all
members
of
society,
from
the
government
official
to
the
ordinary
citizen,
of
the
special
methods
of
thought
and action that scientists use
in the work.
4)
That
fact,
let
alone
the current division between
the
11
euro
countries
and
the
four
led
by
Britain
that
have
not
joined,
is
likely
to
mean that the Union should
become
a
multi-system
entity
（实体）
,
with
some
countries
signing
up
to
everything
and
others
choosing only some things.
考点五、

否定结构

双重否定

1)
The
decision to quit
a senior position to look for
a
better
one
is
unconventional.
For
years
executives
and
headhunters
have adhered to the rule that
the
most
attractive
CEO
candidates are the ones who
must
be
poached.

Says
Korn/Ferry
senior
partner
Dennis Carey:”

I can’t think
of a single search I’ve done
where
a
board
has
not
instructed
me
to
look
at
sitting CEOs first.”

The
word
“poached”
most probably means .
[A]approved of






[B]attended to

[C]hunted for







[D]guarded against

2)
Aimlessness
has
hardly
been
typical
of
the
postwar
Japan
whose
productivity
and
social
harmony are the envy of the
United States and Europe.
In
the
Westerner'
s
eyes
，
the postwar Japan
A.
under
aimless
development

B.
a
positive
example
C. a rival to the West



D. on the decline
3) Probably there is not
one here who has not in the
course
of
the
day
had
occasion
to
set
in
motion
a
complex train of reasoning.
4)
As
a
linguist,
he
acknowledges
that
all
varieties of human language,
including non-standard ones
like
Black
English,
can
be
powerfully
expressive----there exists no
language
or
dialect
in
the
world
that
cannot
convey
complex ideas.

否定转移

1) In his autobiography,
Darwin
himself
speaks
of
his
intellectual
powers
with
extraordinary
modesty.
He
points
out
that
he
always
experienced
much
difficulty
in expressing himself clearly
and
concisely,
but
he
believes
that
this
very
difficulty
may
have
had
the
compensating
advantage
of
forcing
him
to
think
long
and
intently
about
every
sentence,
and
thus
enabling
him
to
detect
errors
in
reasoning
and
in
his
own
observations. He disclaimed
the
possession
of
any
great
quickness
of
apprehension
or wit, such as distinguished
Huxley.
He
asserted,
also,
that
his
power
to
follow
a
long
and
purely
abstract
train
of
thought
was
very
limited, for which reason he
felt
certain
that
he
never
could
have
succeeded
with
mathematics.
考点六、倒装结构

全倒装

1)
Implicit
within
Tylor's
definition
is
the
concept
that
culture
is
learned,
shared,
and
patterned
behavior.
（全倒
装）

2)
Deeply
involved
with
this
new
technology
is
a
band
of
modern
businesspeople
who
have
a
growing
respect
for
the
economic
value
of
doing
business abroad.
（全倒装）

3)
Coupled
with
the
growing
quantity
of
information
is
the
development
of
technologies
which
enable
the
storage
and
delivery
of
more
information
with
greater
speed
to
more
locations than has ever been
possible before.
（全倒装）

4)
Closely
related
to
the
groundbreaking
theory
of
biological
evolution
proposed
by
British
naturalist Charles Darwin in
the 1860s was British social
philosopher Herbert Spencer
who
put
forward
his
own
theory
of
biological
and
cultural
evolution.
（全倒
装）

6
）
Closely related with
this
is
the
capacity
to
be
tolerant----not
of
what
is
wrong, but of the frailty
（脆
弱
）

and
immaturity
of
human
nature
which
induce
people, and again especially
children
to
make
mistakes.
（全倒装）

7
）
Coincident
with
concerns
about
the
accelerating
loss
of
species
and
habitats
has
been
a
growing
appreciation
of
the
importance
of
biological
diversity to the health of the
Earth and human well- being.
（全倒装）

部分倒装

1) Darwin asserted that
his
power
to
follow
a
long
and
purely
abstract
train
of
thought
was
very
limited,
for
which
reason
he
felt
certain
that
he
never
could
have
succeeded
with
mathematics.
His
memory,
too, he described as hazy. So
poor in one sense was it that
he
never
could
remember
for
more
than
a
few
days
a
single
date
or
a
line
of
poetry.



2)
Television
is
one
of
the
means
by
which
these
feelings
are
created
and
conveyed----and
perhaps
never before has it served to
much
to
connect
different
peoples and nations as in the