zed(英语) 英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)及解析

2021年1月24日发(作者：扰乱)
（英语）

英语阅读理解专题练习
(
及答案
)
及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解

Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second
type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.


Located
on
the
shore
of Sullivan's
Island
off
the
coast
of
South
Carolina,
the
award- winning
cube-shaped
beach
house
was
built
to
replace
one
smashed
to
pieces
by
Hurricane
（飓风）
Hugo 10 years ago. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina's shoreline were
poorly
constructed,
and
enforcement
of
building
rules
wasn't
strict,
according
to
architect
Ray
Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses
are
required
to
meet
stricter,
better-enforced
rules.
The
new
beach
house
on
Sullivan's
Island
should be able to withstand a Level 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per
hour.


At
first
sight,
the
house
on
Sullivan's
Island
looks
anything
but
hurricane- proof.
Its
redwood
shell
makes
it resemble “a
large
party
lantern
(
灯笼
)” at
night,
according
to
one observer.
But
looks can be misleading. The house's wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it
extra strength.

To further protect the house from hurricane damage. Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground
on
timber
pilings
－
long,
slim
wood
pieces
anchored
deep
in
the
sand.
Pilings
might
appear
insecure,
but
they
are
strong
enough
to
support
the
weight
of
the
house.
They
also
raise
the
house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running
into
it.
'These
waves
come
ashore
at
terrible
speeds
and
cause
most
of
the
damage
done
to
beach-
front buildings,” said Huff.


Huff
designed
the
timber
pilings
to
be
partially
hidden
by
the
house's
ground-to-roof
shell.
“The shell ma
sks the pilings so that the house doesn't look like it's standing with its pant legs (
裤
腿
) pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of a storm, the shell should break apart and let the waves
rush under the house, the architect explained.

（
1
）
After
the
Hurricane
Hugo,
new
houses
built
along
South
Carolina's
shore
line
are
required .

A. to be easily reinforced
B. to meet stricter building standards

C. to look smarter in design
D. to be designed in the shape of cubes

（
2
）
Why is the award-winning beach house strong and hurricane-proof?

A. It is in the shape of a shell. B. It is made of redwood.

C. It is strengthened by steel rods. D. It is built with timber and concrete.

（
3
）
What's the purpose of Huff raising the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings?

A. To
anchor
stronger
pilings
deep
in
the
sand.
B. To
prevent
water
from
rushing
into
the
house.

C. To withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr.
D. To make the house look more hurricane-
proof.

（
4
）
According the last paragraph, the main function of the shell is .

A. to give the house a better appearance
B. to strengthen the pilings of the house

C. to protect the wooden frame of the house
D. to slow down the speed of the big waves

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻 报道，位于南卡罗来纳州海岸的沙利文岛海滨一座玲珑
的小屋以其独特的设计获得大奖。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“Soon after Hugo, all new shoreline houses are required to
meet
stricter,
better-
enforced
rules.”< br>可知在飓风造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的损失后，新建
房屋应该符合严格的建筑规定。故选
B
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三和第四段的内容可知，沙文岛上的建 筑获奖了。而沙利文岛上
的房子乍一看不像是抗飓风的。但外表可能会误导人。房子的木制框架用长的钢 棒加固，
以赋予它额外的强度。为了进一步保护房屋免受飓风破坏。在地面上树起
2.7
米高的木头
桩，深深地扎在沙子里。它们足够坚固，足以支撑房屋的重量。飓风来临时波浪在房子下< br>面运行，却不会冲进房子。由知可见，沙文岛上的房子抗飓风就是由于钢棒的支撑。故选
C
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The
structure
allows
the
waves
to
run
under
the
house
instead
of
running
into
it
．
”
可判 断出，之所以这么做的目的是防止大水冲入房屋中，故选
B
。

(4)
考查细节理解。第四段内容可知房屋是建在木桩上的。最后一段内容为：
Huff
设计的木< br>桩被房子从地面到屋顶的贝壳所隐藏，贝壳遮盖了木桩，这样房子看起来就比原来房屋的
外观好看 多了，故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇新闻报 道，要求考生准确捕捉细节信
息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。



2
．
阅读理解


Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple
as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes
you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he
would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the
lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of
the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His
thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk
was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he
threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He
reached
the
fence,
raised
himself
up
and
then
began
dragging
himself
along
the
fence,
firmly
determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided.
With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then
to walk by himself and then to run.


He
began
to
walk
to
school,
and
then
run
to
school,
to
run
for
the
joy
of
running.
Later
in
college he was on the track team.


In
February 1934,
in
New
York
City's
Madison
Square Garden,
this
young
man who
was
not
expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined
young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham
continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce
back
even
when
all
difficulties
are
piled
against
one,
to
the
degree
that
death
seemed
the
preferable option.

（
1
）
The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument
B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest
D. function as a brief introduction

（
2
）
What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt

（
3
）
What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital. B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon. D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（
4
）
What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章 通过
Glenn
幸存的故事，告诉我们
“
让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如 何在被打击后重新站起
来。
”


（
1
）推理判断题。根据第一段中
Everybody,
at
some
point
in
their
lives,
has
experienced
failure.
和
But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.
可知，
第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选
D
。


（
2
）推理判断题。根据第三段中
Much
to
the
amazement
of
the
doctor,
he
did
survive.
可
知，医生认为
Glen n
生还的机会很小。故选
C
。


（
3
）推理判断题。根据最后一段中
A
good
example
of
the
power
of
positive
thinking
and
faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,
可知，
Glenn
以他
感人的 故事激励人们。故选
B
。


（
4
）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句
But what makes you is not your failure, but how you
get
back
up
after
being
hit.“
让 你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起
来。
”
可知本文最佳主题是< br>B
项
Stand up after failure
。故选
B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及推理 判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时
首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用 什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什
么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意 确定关键词，然后在文章中定
位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。




3
．
阅读理解


If
you're
a
book
lover
，
you
have
a
pile
of
books
on
your
bedside
，
or
a
bookshelf
in
your
library with a“to read”sign on it
．
Yet you can't stop yourself from adding to the pile
．
This can
lead to feelings of guilt over your new purchases
．
But I'm here to tell you to stop worrying
．

What you have is an antilibrary
，
and it's a very good thing
．
The term comes from writer
Umberto
Eco
．
He
is
the
owner
of
a
large
personal
library
．
He
separates
visitors
into
two
groups
：
those who react with“Wow! What a library you have! How many of these books have
you read?”and the others who get the point that a private library is not something to show off
but a research too1
．
Read books are far less valuable than unread ones
．
Indeed
，
the more you
know
，
the larger the rows of unread books
．
Let us call this collection an antilibrary
．

If you think you already know everything about a subject
，
you're cutting yourself off from a
stream
of
information
at
an
artificial
point
．
So
a
growing
library
of
books
you
haven't
read
means you're consistently curious about the unknown
．
And that attitude is a great foundation
for a lifelong love of 1earning
．

So don't feel guilt over your unread books
．
Those books will be there for you when you do
want them
，
and as you build your library of read and unread books
，
you can start using it as
you
would
use
a
bigger
library
．
Certain
books
may
become
references
more
than
read-
throughs
．
Or
you
may
find
that
a
book
you
bought
five
years
ago
has
special
relevance
today
．
Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity
．
That's good for
you and good for the world around you
．

（
1
）
What does the underlined word“antilibrary”in Paragraph 2 re
fer to?

A. Feelings of guilt over new books
．

B. A pile of books on the bookshelf
．

C. The collection of unread books
．
D. A large personal library
．

（
2
）
According to the author
，
more unread books mean________
．


A. your wrong lifelong learning attitude
B. you limit yourself from the unknown

C. your have no interest in the new world
D. your strong desire about new information

（
3
）
What's the author's attitude towards having an antilibrary?

A. Favorable
．
B. Doubtful
．
C. Ambiguous
．
D. Contradictory
．

（
4
）
What can we know from the last paragraph?

A. Curiosity is a sign of high IQ
．
B. Books are the ladder in our life
．

C. Unread
books
are
surely
relevant
to
the
present
．

D. We
should
read
through
every
book
．

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论 文。本文主要讲了收集没有阅读的书这一行为是非常好
的，收集更多未经阅读的书意味着你对新信息的强 烈渴望。

(1)
词义猜测题。由第二段
Read
books
are
far
less
valuable
than
unread
ones
．
Indeed
，
the
more
you
know
，
the
larger
the
rows
of
unread
books
．
Let
us
call
this
collection
an
antilibrary
．可知
“a ntilibrary”
指的是收集没有阅读的书，选
C
。

(2)
细节理解题。由第三段
So
a
growing
library
of
books
you
haven't
read
means
you're
consistently curious about the unknown
．可知更多未经阅读的书意味着你对新信息的强 烈渴
望，选
D
。

(3)
推理判断题。由最后一段
Letting
the
role
of
books
evolve
in
your
life
is
a
healthy
sign
of
curiosity
．
That's good for you and good for the world around you
．可推知作者对于收集没有
阅读的书这一 行为，持赞成态度，选
A
。

(4)
推理判断题。由最后一段
Those books will be there for you when you do want them
，
and
as you build your library of read and unread books
，
you can start using it as you would use a
bigger
library
．
Certain
books
may
become
references
more
than
read-throughs
．
Or
you
may
find that a book you bought five years ago has special relevance today
．可推知书籍是我们生活
的阶梯，选
B
。
Noise- cancelling audio instruments have been around for a while now
，
but one
Berlin-
based
designer
believes
that
blocking“visual
noise”is
as
important
，
if
not
more
so
，
as
cancelling out unwanted sounds
．
To this end he has created a simple accessory called the Focus
Cap

【点评】议论文解题方法：
1.
把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构
和语言。

2.
互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要
抒发一些 议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理
出抽象的议论；或从议论 中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

3.
推理法：推理的结论一定是原文 有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字
面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系， 各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的
隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文 章的深层含义，要能透
过现象看本质。


4
．
阅读理解

Climbing Without Ropes

The popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a
network
of
safety
ropes,
but
it
is
not
the
only
kind.
Many
climbers
now
enjoy
bouldering.
It's
more accessible and better for the environment.

What is bouldering?

Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately
twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes.

Why boulder?

?improve your climbing skills by
focusing on basics

Bouldering Terms

?places
to
climb,
such
as
crimp: a very small handhold

climbing
walls
at
gyms
and
foothold:
a
place
where
one
may
place
a
foot
to
aid
in
parks, easy to find

?less
time
commitment
to
jug: a very large handhold that is easy to use

bouldering
than
to
mountain
problem:
The
path
up
a
boulder
is
referred
to
as
the
climbing

?intellectual
enjoyment
problems

Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem.

Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The
left
one
appears
easier
because
it
has
a
jug
within
easy
reach,
but
look
what
happens
if
she
chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is
even difficult than going up.

Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. using a foothold and placing her right
hand in a crimp, she is able to life herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves,
she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.

and
as
one
solves
“problem”
that
one
must
solve.
The
“solution”
is
the
physical
sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder.

climbing boulder



（
1
）
According to the passage, bouldering ________.

A. is an indoor sport B. has no safety protection

C. needs maps and equipment D. is a steep cliff climbing

（
2
）
Bouldering becomes popular because ________.

A. it challenges the limits B. it costs less

C. it builds minds and bodies
D. it is a team game

（
3
）
According to the example, the right route is ________.

A. a shortcut
B. a dead end
C. tough but to the top
D. lined with jugs

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍没有安全绳的攀岩运动。登山者的流行形 象是
用一根安全绳，一个人小心翼翼地爬上陡峭的悬崖，但这并不是唯一的一种。许多登山者
现 在都喜欢抱石。它更容易接近，也更适合环境。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据
What is bouldering?
部分中的
“Participants employ no safety ropes.”
可
知，
bouldering
没有安全感。故 选
B
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据
Why
boulder?
部分中的
“improve
your
climbing
skills
by
focusing
on
basics
places
to
climb,
such
as
climbing
walls
at
gyms
and
parks,
easy
to
find
less
time
commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing intellectual and physical enjoyment as one
solves
problems”
可知，
Bouldering
变得受欢迎是因为它建立了精神和身体上的快乐。故选< br>C
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据
“Figure
2
：
The
climber
takes
the
one
to
the
right
this
time.
using
a
foothold
and
placing
her
right
hand
in
a
crimp,
she
is
able
to
life
herself
up
and
locate
other
handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and
pull herself up.”
可知，根据这个例子，右边的 路线是艰难的，但能达到顶峰。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题 型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。



5
．
阅读理解


Tired
of
eating
at
the
same
boring
restaurants?
Looking
for
a
change?
Here
are
some
restaurants that offer an original restaurant experience. See for yourself which ones you fancy.

An Exciting Dinner

Looking for something adventurous? The Archipelago in London is just the thing for you. One of
the most popular dishes in this restaurant is crocodile. Yes, you read it correctly, crocodile. If that
is not daring enough for you, there are plenty of other dishes on the menu.

A Restaurant with a View

Want to enjoy the sights while you're eating? Try the Top of the World restaurant. At about 244
meters
above
Las
Vegas,
diners
can
enjoy
a
spectacular
view
of
Las
Vegas
in
this
revolving
restaurant. However, the real adventure starts at the end of the meal. That's when the customers
are taken from their seats at ground level to the observation rooms in elevators that travel at a
remarkable speed.

A Theatrical Experience

Longing for dinner with some drama? Dine with mimes at Mime in Manchester. The service is
unique.
Your
waiter
will
communicate
your
order
in
mime
and
keep
you
entertained
with
performances in between courses.

An Unusual Setting

Don't care about presentation? You'll be fine at the Modem Toilet restaurant in Taiwan. The
theme of this restaurant is the toilet, and you would be surprised how many people queue up for
the experience of eating on toilet seats.

（
1
）
What would you expect at the Top of the World restaurant?

A. A free ride B. An interesting menu

C. A show during the meal
D. A bird's-eye view of London

（
2
）
Which restaurant requires customers to order in an unusual way?

A. Archipelago B. Top of the World C. Mime D. Modem Toilet

（
3
）
Where is the passage likely to be taken from?

A. A research paper B. An entertainment magazine

C. A thrilling novel D. A fashion magazine

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有特色的餐馆。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据
A
Restaurant
with
a
View
部分中的
“That's
when
the
customers
are
taken
from
their
seats
at
ground
level
to
the
observation
rooms
in
elevators
that
travel
at
a
remarkable speed.”
可知在
the Top of the World restaurant
里吃饭，可期待免费乘骑的游乐设
施，故选
A。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据
A
Theatrical
Experience
部分中的
“The
service
is
unique.
Your
waiter
will communicate your order in mime and keep you entertained with performances in between
cours es.”
可知在
Mime
餐馆中，服务员和顾客之间用无声地比画交流，故选
C
。

(3)
考查推理判断。这篇文章主要介绍了几个有特色的餐馆，所以这 篇文章最可能出现在娱
乐杂志上，故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及 细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生在
捕捉细节信息同时，需根据上下文进行 逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。



6
．
阅读理解

We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the
paradox(
悖论
) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider
the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure
skaters. At first sight this
seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the
most?


The
reason
is
actually
quite
simple.
Top
skaters
are
constantly
challenging
themselves
in
practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it
is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are
always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone.
This
is
why
they
don't
fall
over.
In
a
superficial
sense,
they
look
successful,
because
they
are
always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.


What
is
true
of
skating
is
also
true
of
life.
James
Dyson
worked
through
5,126
failed
prototypes(
原型
) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his
fortune.
These
failures
were
essential
to
the
pathway
of
learning.
As
Dyson
put
it:
“You
can't
develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is
essential to invention.”

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly
because
they
have
healthy egos(
自我
)(particularly
the senior
doctors)
and
partly
because
they
fear litigation(
诉讼
). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often
covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to
the
Journal of Patient Safety
, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to
preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.


But
let
us
return
to
children.
One
of
the
major
mistakes
in
education
in
the
1970s
was
the
attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes
（
setting the bar very
low
）
.
The
consequence
was
that
the
ego
of
kids
became
bound
up
with
success,
and
they
became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.


We
need
to
flip(
翻转
)
this
approach.
In
a
complex
world,
failure
is
inevitable.
It
is
those
individuals
and
institutions
that
have
the
flexibility
to
face
up
to
failure,
learn
the lessons
and
adapt which eventually excel(
突出
).

（
1
）
The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________.

A. open up a discussion on the topic B. analyze the reason for success

C. express the author's opposition D. doubt the abilities of the top skaters

（
2
）
Which of the following is the structure of the passage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

（
3
）
What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How we can avoid failure in life
B. What we should learn from failure

C. Why failure is the key to flying high D. Where we further improve ourselves

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了
“
失败是孩子成功的 必须条件
”
这一观点。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“But the paradox
（悖论）
is that our children can only truly
succeed if they first learn how to fail. ”
可知，文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先
就要学会失败。后面以世界级滑冰运动 员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点，最后一句提出问
题：为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢？下文 对这个问题做了回答，进一步阐明
了文章的中心论点。很明显，这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的 论述服务的。故选
A
。

(2)
考查文章结构。第一段提出中心论点 并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。第三段
James
Dyson
为正面例子证明：成 功是建立失败的基础上的。而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和
20
世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例 证明：不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。最后一段再次
强调中心论点。故选
A
。
(3)
考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心论点：
the paradox
（悖论）
is that our children can
only
truly
succeed
if
they
first
learn
how
to
fail
，中间 几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论
点。最后一段又重新强调了该论点。很明显，文章的中心意思就是： 失败是孩子真正成功
的必要条件。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及 推理判断，文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理 ，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。



7
．
阅读下列短文 ，从短文后每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四 个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new
industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of
industrialization
that
began
in
the
West
and
spread
later
to
the
rest
of
the
world,
the
new
developments are taking place in research labs all over the globe
—
and Asians are in the forefront.
Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even
two years ago
—
superconductivity (
超导体技术
).


Used
today
only
in
specialized
equipment,
super
conductors
have
the
potential
to
radically
change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller,
more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel
(
柴油
) vehicles with electric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something
that
even
the
best
of
conductors
such
as
copper
and
silver
cannot
—
they
do
away
with
all
electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great.

The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and
money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical
use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed
in
1911
by
a
Dutch
scientist
named
Heike
Kamerlingh
Onnes,
who
cooled
mercury
(
水银
)
to
temperatures below -269
℃
with liquid helium (
氦
). Then in January last year, two IBM scientists,
K.
Alex
Muller
and
J.
George
Bednorz,
found
a
metal
oxide
ceramic
(
氧化陶瓷
)
that
superconducted at -243
℃
. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was
confirmed at a scientific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries
all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (
助产
士
) to a new technology.

（
1
）
As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity ____________.

A. has already been developed
B. is still under development

C. will be used only in specialized equipment
D. will be used in daily lives in a few years

（
2
）
The new technology differs from the others in that ____________.

A. it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the world
B. it began in the West and
spread later to the rest of the world

C. it is being cultivated in research labs around the world
D. it is accessible to physicists who
are intelligent and rich

（
3
）
From the passage, we may conclude that ____________.

A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technology
B. Dutch scientists kept
reporting new findings for the last 75 years

C. IBM
scientists'
report
receive
immediate
attention
all
over
the
world
D. the
West
was
astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians

（
4
）
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Prospect of a New Technology B. Superconductivity: A New Technology

C. A New Technology: The Key to Change the Way of Our Lives
D. A New Technology: A Joint
Effort of Many Countries

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“
A
new
technology
is
going
to
ripe,
one
that
could
transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from
their
present
positions.
”
一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形 成新的
产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的
“The
technology
is
in
its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money”
技术还处于早
期阶段，那些决定投资于人 才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选
B
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“Unlike
the
wave
of
industrialization
t
hat
began
in
the
West
and
spread
later
to
the
rest
of
the
world,
the
new
developments
are
taking
place
in
research labs all over the globe
—and Asians are in the forefront.”
与开始 于西方，后来传播到世
界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究
——
亚洲人走在
最前线。故选
C
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Unlik
e
the
wave
of
industrialization
that
began
in
the
West
and
spread
later
to
the
rest
of
the
world,
the
new
developments
are
taking
place
in
research labs all over the globe
—and Asians are in the forefront.”
与开始 于西方，后来传播到世
界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究
——
亚洲人走在
最前线；以及最后一段中的
“Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their
share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (
助产士
) to a new
technology.”
今天，日本，印 度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实
验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选< br>A
。

（
4
）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出 一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术
的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇 科普类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


8
．
阅读理解


Scientists
have
been
studying
how
people
use
money
for
long.
Now
they're
finding
some
theories may apply to one group of monkeys.


Researchers
recently
taught
six
monkeys
how
to
use
money.
They
gave
the
monkeys
small
metal disks(
圆片
) that could be used like cash and showed them some yummy apple pieces. The
monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they'd receive a piece
of apple in return.

If you think that is all the monkeys can figure out, you are wrong. Two researchers, Jake and
Allison, acted as apple sellers in the experiments. The monkeys were tested one at a time and had
12 disks to spend in each experiment. Jake always showed the monkeys one apple piece, while
Allison always showed two pieces. But that's not necessarily what they gave the monkeys. The
number of apple pieces given for a disk was determined at random.

Experiment One: Allison showed two pieces of apples but gave both pieces only half the time.
The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on
the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys chose
to trade more with Allison.

Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece.
But
now,
half
the
time,
Jake
gave
the
one
apple
piece
he
was
showing,
and
half
the
time
he
added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.


In
the
first
experiment,
the
monkeys
correctly
figured
out
that
if
they
traded
with
Allison,
they'd
end
up with
more
treats.
In
the
second
one,
when
a
monkey received
two
pieces
from
Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she
showed,
it
seemed
like
a
loss.
The
monkeys
preferred
trading
with
Jake
because
they'd
rather
take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.

We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less,
even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?

（
1
）
What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?

A. The monkeys show certain business sense.
B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys.

C. People are smarter in terms of finance. D. It's easy to teach monkeys how to trade.

（
2
）
What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. A metal disk.
B. An apple piece.
C. A chance.
D. A coin.

（
3
）
Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment?

A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces.
B. Because the apple pieces from Jake
were yummy.

C. Because they didn't like the feeling of losing.
D. Because they get more apple pieces from
Jake.

（
4
）
What could be the best title for the passage?

A. People's Business Decision: Lose or Gain?
B. Moneky's Business Sense: Smart or Silly?

C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different?
D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with?

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，科学家们通过实验来说明，
“
猴子的商业意识：聪明
还是愚蠢？
”

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.”
可知，专
家们从第一个实验中得 出的结论是
“
猴子表现出一定的商业意识。
”
故选
A
。
(2)
考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“half
the
time,
Jake
gave
the
one
apple
piece
he
was
showing, and half the time he added a bonus.
可知，
a bo nus
指代的是
“
一块苹果
”
，故选
B
。

(3)
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“The monkeys preferred trading with Jake
because they'd
rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.”
可知，猴子在第二个实验中会选
择与杰克进行更多的交易 是因为他们不喜欢失去的感觉。故选
C
。

(4)
考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的
“Researchers
recently
taught
six
monkeys
how
to
use
money. ...The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d
receive
a
piece
of
apple
in
return.”
和最后一段中的
“We
also
sometimes
make
silly
business
decisions just to avoid the feeling that we're getting less, even when were not. Would you have
made the same choices?”
可知，本文说的是，猴子的商业意识：聪明 还是愚蠢？故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意 三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归 纳，从而选出正确
答案。



9
．
阅读理解


Our Museums, Galleries, and Zoo

19 world-class museums, galleries, and a zoo


The
Smithsonian
offers
eleven
museums
and
galleries
on
the
National
Mall
and
six
other
museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area. In New York City, we invite
you to tour two museums in historic settings.


Not near a Smithsonian museum? Look for exhibitions and museums in your community. Here
we have listed some places to visit:

Tips & Guidelines:


Stop
at
any
Smithsonian
museum
information
desk
where
friendly
and
knowledgeable
staff
and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.

Service animals are welcome at the museums and the National Zoo. Pets are not permitted.

Lunches should be properly closed or stored in lockers during your visit.

（
1
）
he Smithsonian offers all these EXCEPT .

A. galleries B. concerts C. museums D. zoos

（
2
）
If you are interested in animals, you can .

A. go to 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC

B. go to 8
th
and F Streets, NW Washington, DC

C. visit the museum 11 a.m. on Christmas

D. visit the zoo at weekends on June 25

（
3
）
To arrange your visit better, you can .

A. have lunch during your visit B. take your pets along with you

C. ask the staff and volunteers for help D. fill in an application form before your visit

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了史密森尼博物馆相关的信息以及游玩建 议。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries
on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital < br>Area”
可知史密森尼博物馆（
Smithsonian
）在国家广场（National
Mall
）上设有
11
个博物馆
和美术馆， 在较大的国家首都辖区有
6
个博物馆和国家动物园（
National
Zoo
）。没有提供
音乐会。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
National
Zoo
所在 的表格可知国家动物园的开放时间为三月
15
号到九月，每天的上午九点到下午六点；十月到来 年的三月
14
号是每天上午九点到下午四
点，
12
月
25< br>号不开。所以如果对动物感兴趣，游客可以在六月
25
号去游玩。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的
“Stop
at
any
Smithsonian
museum
information
desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your vis it.”
可知史密森尼博物馆的信息问讯处有友好的并且知识渊博的员工及志愿者，他们可以帮助
你为参观做计划。所以如果你想更好的参观这里，可以寻求职工和志愿者的帮助，故选
C
。< br>

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉 细节
信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


10
．
阅读理解

Mexico sites on an island plateau (
高原
) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality
a constant concern for people who live there.

In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary
ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city
one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles,
public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.

Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more
than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the
city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city
ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway
rides.

Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air
quality.
India,
whose
citizens
breathe
some
of
the
world's
dirtiest
air,
has
tried
a
variety
of
solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new- car purchases.


Beijing
also
has
experience
with
cleaning
the
air.
The
city
introduced
alternate-day
rules
in
advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London
congestion
(
拥挤
)
charge,
introduced
in
2003.
The
charge
has
had
a
measurable
effect
on
air
quality.

For now, Mexico City
—
named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in
1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo
clean the air.

（
1
）
How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?

A. By
banning
private
and
Federal
vehicles
one
day
a
week.
B. By
forbidding
private
and
public vehicles every Saturday.

C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.

（
2
）
What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?

A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides.

C. Introduced more travel options.
D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.

（
3
）
What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?

A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.

（
4
）
What's the best title for the passage?

A. Mexico
—
an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico

C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones
D. How to Improve Air Quality

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆
禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是 无车区。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving
air
quality
by
enacting
a
temporary
ban
on
private
and
Federal
vehicles
in
the
city.
The
rule
forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday eac
h month.”
可知，
墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止 车辆进入城市的。故选
A
。

(2)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the
streets and also offered free bus and subway r ides.”
可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供
免费巴士和地铁。故选
B
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的
“The
charge
has
had
a
measur
able
effect
on
air
q uality.”
可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选
D
。

(4)
考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的
“For now, Mexico City —
named by the United Nations as
the most polluted city on the planet in 1992
—
can look forward to the start of the region's rainy
season, when daily showers will
help lo clean the air.”
可知，城市应该是无车区。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅
读，考 生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确
答案。



11
．
阅读理解


When was
the
last
time
you
used
plastic
plates?
Next
time,
why
not
try
some edible
ones?
You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry.
and
saw
a
lot
of
money
being
thrown
away.
I
thought
that
was
criminal,
so
I
decided
to
do
something about it,

Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of
bread
dough,
so you
can eat
them
afterwards.

dishes
cost
a few
pennies each
and
are
either
eaten
by
the
kids,
or
go
into
recycling
bins
for
animal
food,
explained Vicentini,
50,
of
Milan.
But
now
other
companies
are
developing
edible
plates,
too.
The
Edible-Plate
Company
offers
edible
plates,
bowls,
trays
and
cups.
Their
products
are
environmentally-friendly,
100%
biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a
natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.

They also have a range of cutlery
（餐具）
made from corn and potato starch
（淀粉）
. These
plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic; we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of
damage
to
the
environment,
as
well
as
costing
governments
millions
m
waste
management.
Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes
toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing