sstm英语学习笔记

2021年1月24日发(作者：确保英文)
soup

soap


adopt

adapt

leaf


turn over a new leaf

board

木板，董事会，登船
boarding gate
part

apart from
除了。
。
。之外


apartment
公寓






depart



department
部门






take part in


participate in






partial
部分的，偏颇的



impartial
公正的

ice box

movie


1.

连词
2.
非谓语动词
3.
虚拟

Chinadaily
英语点津

21
st


2005
年乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼的演讲


magician

Stay hungry, stay foolish

Beginner

hand in



hand over
run down a hen

pull down the building

时态

1.

过去


1)
一般过去时（只存在于过去）

My mother taught English for twenty years.

2
）过去进行时（暂时）

3
）过去完成时（过去的过去）

When the police found the man, he had wandered out of his home for five
years.

2.

现在




1.

一般现在时（长期）
I teach English in Fuzhou.
2.

现在进行时（暂时）
I am teaching English in Xiamen these days.
3.

现在完成时（以现在为参照）

I have taught English for more than fifteen years.

4.
现在完成进行时
(
一直
)
I have been teaching college English for more than fifteen years.
3.

1)

2)

3)

将来（主将从现）

一般将来


将来进行

将来完成（参照）

When the professor comes back from Africa, his son will have finished
school.

___
过去
______
现在
________
将来
____
注意：

1. by
到。
。
。为止
by yesterday, by now, by the end of this month
2.

定语从句修饰的词前有序数词，最高级，

only,
从句谓语用完成
时

It is the third time that he has ever cheated on an exam.

3. in the past five years, in the last two weeks
…
用完成时

The prices rose dramatically
急剧地
in the past.
The prices have risen dramatically in the past five years.
近五年来

3.

find, see, know, hear
，

love, hate
等没有进行时

主动：












被动

start









be started
过去完成：

had started


had been

started
一般过去：

started , was/ were started
过去进行：

was/ were starting,

was/ were being started
一般现在：

start
、
starts,

am/ is/ are started
现在进行：
am/is/ are starting
现在完成：
has/ have started
现在完成进行：
has/have been starting
一般将来：

will
start,
am/is/
are
going
to
start,
am/is/
are
to
start,
be
about to start
即将

将来进行：
will be starting
将来完成：

will have started
School ends on January 12.
The film begins at 8 p.m.
被动语态注意：
by
某些动词没有被动形式：
1.
系动词
be, become, turn, get, come, go, fall,
remain, look, sound, taste, smell, feel


come true/ successful

go bad/ blind

fall asleep/ unconscious


The queen remained single all her life.

, read, sell, write

与
easily
，

well, smoothly
连用

The knife cuts easily.

The pen writes smoothly.

The book sells well.

By far
。
。
。得多，最最。
。
。

So far
迄今为止

--ceed

走

proceed
继续，
precedent
之前的

succeed
接续，接替，成功

Mr Cook succeeded Mr Jobs and became CEO of the Apple.

succeeding
后续的

successive
连续的
successful
成功的

process
过程

success
century
百年
centimeter


centigrade


press

impress express

depress
压抑

compress
挤压


company
公司
compound
复合，综合楼

deal with, cope with, handle

1A 2B 3C4 C 5C 6D 7C 8B 9D 10D
no sooner
过去完成
…
than, hardly
…
when, scarcely
…
when
一。
。
。就

I have read your novel.
I have been reading your novel.

11 D12 D 13B 14A 15B 16C 17C 18A
情态动词

1.

can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, dare,
ought to, had better, had rather, would rather, would sooner, would
just
as
soon
宁可，

宁愿，
may/
might
as
well
也可以，不妨，

cannot but, cannot help but
不得不，不能不

2.

might
，

may, could, can, must
表可能性




may not
也许不，
could not, can not
不可能，
must not
禁止

She must have a Russian origin, doesn
’
t she?
She must be from a European country, isn
’
t she?
She
must
have
worked
for
the
Russian
intelligence
department,
hasn
’
t
she?
She must have worked for the Russian intelligence department in the past,
didn
’
t she?
3.

would you please= will you please
can- could, may-might, shall- should, will-would
过去时用过去形式

现在时可用过去形式、现在形式

The dangerous murderer must live in your neighborhood.

The
dangerous
murderer
must
have
lived
in
your
neighborhood
in
the
past.


must
主观
I must be going now.
ought
to
责任
The
doctor ought
to
have sent
the
patient to
a safe
place
first.
should/ shall


Have you paid the fare?

nee
dn’
t have done= didn
’
t have to

gas station

gasoline

class hour

lab hour

apparent, evident, obvious

special
特别的，
专用的，
专门的


specialize in
专门从事


specialty
特
色的。
。
。

specific
具体的，详细的
specify
指定
specification
详细的说明

particular
特定的，
be particular about/ over
对。
。
。挑剔

peculiar
怪异的，独特的

The dish is peculiar to Chinese cuisine.
Chew mien



1C 2C 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8B 9C 10C 11B 12B 13D 14C 15D
西方的思维：线性

主题段落

主题句
70%
在首句，
20%
在末句

东方的思维：环状


beat around the bush

Young pioneer

Isolation
孤立

Hope project
Worldwide

nationwide



distribute
分发

attribute to
把。
。
。归因于

contribute

to
贡献

smoking contributes to his death.

Distribute: deliver
Transport

import export

transplant

transform


translate

transfer
调动

transmit
传输

adapt
…
to
调整。
。
。以适应


adjust
…
to

accustom
…
to

be adapted to, be adjusted to , be accustomed to, be used to doing
习惯于

over
radical
激进的

organ
器官

organic
有机的
food
mental
大脑的
diseases

metal
金属

capacity
容量

capability
能力

the hall has a capacity of 500 people
be capable of
be able to

vary
变化，不同


various

variety
不同种类


a variety of
The style of marketing varies from ages to ages.

The style of marketing today differs from what it was in the past.
distinguish from,

distinguish good from evil
It stands to reason that we pay more attention to our mental health
look into , look after, look up to
仰视

source
来源

human resources
资源

cost


take

spend

on sth/ in doing

pay
付钱


pay the fare, pay the rent/ the bill

pay for the service

Have you paid___ the boy who painted the house for you?
charge sb
…
for
…

They charged me 200 dollars for the service.
afford



I could not afford it so I offered 150 dollars.
Dolphin



Admittedly, today
’
s people suffer greater pressure and stress.

number

numerous
drama
戏剧

opera
歌剧

comedy
喜剧

tragedy
悲剧

live survive
存活

revive
复苏


C AC
origin original
最初的，有创意的


originate from
起源于

DCAD
语法
-
主谓一致，代词一致

1.

语法形式一致

A book is sold.
Many books are sold.
Many a book __is_ sold.
More than a book _is__ sold.
A book and a paper are sold.
注意：

1).police, people, poultry
（家禽）
, cattle
（牛群，家畜）

是复数名词

The poutry are in the yard.
The police have found the hiding place of the suspect.
2)physics, maths, economics, measles
水痘是单数名词

3)fish, deer, sheep, species, means
这些词单复数同形，看数量词

4)the girl as well as her three roommates
has
reserved the seat.

Nothing but the two magazines_is_ sold.
5)
一个人多重身份，

一个物品多个组成部分

The
writer,
scientist
and
sociologist
is
calling
for
attention
to
the
phenomenon.
Another fork and knife__is_ needed here.

Bread and butter is what he has for breakfast.
Law and order is the most serious problem.

2.
概念一致

1) most, all, 50%, two thirds
的单复数看其内容

One third of the cars are damaged
One third of the car is damaged.
All __are_ (is/are) present and all _goes__(go, goes) well.

2)
金钱，

距离，

时间看成单数

Ten dollars is enough.

4)

family, class, team, group, committee, government, party, audience,
population

当看成概念是单数，当看成成员是复数

China
’
s
population

is

the
largest
in
the
world
and
70%
of
the
population
are
in the farming industry.
The group _are__ waiting to enter the stadium.
2.

就近原则

There be, not only
…
but also, neither
…
nor, either
…
or, or

How are you?
Fine, thank you and you?
Me, too.
Who are you?
I am Bill Clinton, husband to this lady.
Me, too.
(either you or I am mad. Either he or you are mad)
代词一致

Nobody has done the work, has he? have they?
1B 2C 3B 4C 5A 6A 7B 8A 9A 10A11 C12 C 13B 14A 15B
That is only one of those books that
interest
me.
Fool

few

a few
I have little on me.
I have a little on me.
favor

in favor of
对。
。
。有利
do sb a favor

favorite
最喜欢的

favorable
有利的

assist

resist
抵制


insist on
坚持


persist in
坚持

省略句，强调句，倒装句

1.

省略句

1)Why didn
’
t you go to the lecture?
I had been to the lecture.
I had.
2) ---you broke your promise again.
---- so I did.
2.

1
）

强调句

对谓语的强调

Do come on time.





The man does live on the island.
2)
对其他成分的强调

It is/ was
…
. that/ who
My classsmates held a Christmas party in the auditorium from 6p.m. to 8
p.m. last night.
It was my classsmates that/ who held a Christmas party in the auditorium
from 6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.

It was a Christmas party that my classsmates held in the auditorium from
6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.
It was in the auditorium that my classsmates held a Christmas party from
6p.m. to 8 p.m. last night.
3.

倒装句

A temple
stands
on the top of the hill.
The lawyer never
visits
his parents.
1
）

全部倒装

a.
表示方位的介词词组提前

On the top of the hill
stands
a temple.
b. up, down, here, there, now
，

then
提前
(
主语必须是名词
)
Now comes the manager.
Yes, here he comes.
2
）

部分倒装

a.
否定词提前
seldom, scarcely, hardly, barely, little, in vain
徒劳，

still
less
更不用说
, by no means, under no circumstances
Never
does
the lawyer
visit
his parents
；

nor does he visit his friends.

Not until he locked the door

did he
realize that he had left the key inside.

b. so
…
that, such
…
that
so heavy a bag did the boy carry that he could hardly move.
c. so, nor, neither
You broke your promise again and was rude toward your mother.
So it was with Tom.
d.
虚拟语气中
if
从句有助动词
had, were, should
时，

if
可以省略，

Had you made a plan, you wouldn
’
t have missed all those opportunities.
If you had made a plan, you wouldn
’
t have missed all those opportunities.
e.

though she was a girl,

Girl as
she was, she was daring and ambitious.
Though I might try, I would never make a successful businessman.
Try as
I might, I would never
…

f.
only in the way
can you achieve success
g.
more rest
is what I need.

What I need is
more rest
.

Unidentified flying object
How+adj+
冠词
+
名词

So

What+
名词词组

How fine the weather is!
What fine weather it is!
Hardly
…
when
Scarcely
…
when
No sooner
…
than
hurt
伤痛
I didn
’
t mean to hurt you by that.
injure
外伤

The accident left five dead and four injured.
wound
刀枪

the last relationship wounded him and he felt it difficult to
take up another relationship.

harm
损害
our interests

damage
损坏

destroy
毁坏

spoil
宠坏
The only child is spoiled.

ruin
毁坏，

使。
。
。变成废墟

machines

machinery

1-10 BDDAD


DABCB

11-15 DDCDC
Culture shock
文化冲击，

文化震荡

World wide web
Last
Multilingual

multiple

multiply
成倍增长
figure数字，人物
out
算出，明白

obtain


maintain
保持，保养



retain
保留
physical and mental health

average
平均
the average/ top students
ordinary : special

common
常见的
common sense

usual place
urgent
急切的，迫切的

emergent
紧急的


emergency room
share of the market
turn a blind eye to

His action pleases us present.
His action does please us present.
What he does does please us present.



figure
What pleased students they were
…

16-20 CDDDC 21-25 BDABD


26-33 DCDCC



BDB
语法
—
从句与连词

一个英语句子中有且只有一个独立的主谓结构。

It upsets the public.
That
many officials are involved in the scandal
upsets the public.
1.

定语从句

关系代词：

that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词：
where, when, why(for which)
A beautiful flower
A flower in the vase
A flower which was picked this morning
We
are
looking
for
a
person
__who/
that_
can
manage
the
department
well.

The person _whom/ who/ that__ you are looking for is nowhere to find.
The person__whose_ former experience is rich enough will be qualified
for the post.
I am reading the book which/ that the students sent to me as a gift.
I
would
like
to
live
in
the
room

in
which
/
where

the
former
president
ever lived.
I would like to live in the room whose window opens to the lake.
The guy had an awful accident, which is reported in today
’
s newspaper.
We
should
never
forget
the
times
_in
which/
when__
we
received
help
from our friends.
We
should
never
forget
the
times_which/
that__
we
spent
in
the
small
village.
I
have
read
a
lot
about
the
city_(which/
that)__
you
mentioned
in
the
letter.
I have read a lot about the city__in which/ where__ great changes have
taken place in the last five years.
Would
you
please
give
us
a
reason_for
which/
why__
you
were
absent
from the lecture?
Will you accept the reason _which__ she gave for her absence from the
lecture?
只能用
that:
1)

被修饰词前有最高级，
the only,
序数词，

the very
It is the rarest coin that he has collected.
This is the very post that fits you well.
2)

3)

被修饰词本身是不定代词
nothing, everything, something, all
被修饰部分有人和物

The people and the things that you came across in the past will stay in
the memory.

不能用
that
：

1.

2.

介词后面

逗号后面

I am reading my only book, which survived last fire.

As a citizen, we have to fulfil some obligations.


定语从句中的
as
1.
主句中
the same, so, such
You have to buy the same book
as
I tell you.
It isn
’
t such a good book as you boasted.
It isn
’
t so good a book as you boasted.
They appointed such a bad-tempered man to our office that we were
annoyed.

They appointed to our office such a bad- tempered man as we could
not accept.
3.

as
连接的非限制性定语从句放在句首，句中

As is described in the newspaper, the CEO is a dictator.

The CEO, as is described in the newspaper, is a dictator.

Is this the factory___we visited last week?
Is this factory__the one_ we visited last week?

连词的用法比较：

1.

as
的用法

1
）
As a person grows, his wisdom will develop.
随着

与
when, while
比较

As/ when/ while I stayed in Paris, I picked up some French.

When
强调时间的点，
“就在此时”

I was about to give up the project when he appeared and gave me
timely help.
While
强调一段时间

I talked on while she was taking notes.

while: though, as long as
，

而

While he was born into a rich family, he was never happy.

While
you
sign
a
contract
with
us,
you
are
entitled
to
use
it
whenever you like.

2)as: though
Though he is president of the company, he is quite easy-going among
his staff.



President
of
the
company
as
he
is,
he
is
quite
easy-going
among
his
staff.
3)as
…
as
…

4)
方式
Do it as I told you to.
in spite of, despite, for all+
名词词组

though he is poor,

一．
。
。就

On hearing the news, the audience cheered.
At
一看到。
。
。
the terrible sight, she fainted.

At
一听到
the sound, the dog barked.


1-10 ABDDC

ABDCB
Be afraid
of
the possibility of failure
Be afraid
that
he might failure
what…

break out
break down
分解，
（机器，车）坏了，

崩溃

break up
（关系，婚姻）破裂

break off (
聚会，晚会
)
终止，解散

break away from


break into a cry/ laughter

All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.
peeping Tom
偷窥狂

Dear John
’
s letter
lest, in case, for fear that
以免

you work as hard as he.
unit
单元

uniform transform formal
正式的
formulate
规定

whoever=anyone who

whoever= no matter who

No matter who comes late, he will be punished.

11-20 DABBC

AABDC


21-30 ABADB

BBBBD
due to: owing to, thanks to, because of

Due to
what
he has achieved, he is awarded a prize.

Because
he has achieved a lot, he is awarded a prize.



语法
---
虚拟语气

主将从现

I have no money on me. Will you please lend me 5000 yuan?
If I can raise the money, I will lend it to you.
真实

If I could raise the money, I would lend it to you.
虚拟

If I
had been
born in America, I would have learnt English well.
1)
从句

谓语

过去完成，

主句

would have done
If I
lived
in America now, I would learn English well soon.


2)
从句

一般过去时，

主句
would do
If
I

were
to/
should

become
minister
of
education
in
the
future,
I
would cancel all English tests.
If you had had breakfast
this morning
, you would not be hungry now.
3)
从句
should/ were to do ,
主句
would do

条件句的省略

1.

Were, should, had
2.

用介词词组或者
otherwise
等代替