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雅(完整版)2018年12月六级真题第三套

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2021-01-24 14:42
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2021年1月24日发(作者:250是什么意思)
2018

12
月大学英语六级考试真题(第
3
套)


Part I





















Writing
minutes)







(30
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on
how to balance work
and leisure.
You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
__ __________________________________________________ ___________________________
___________________ __________________________________________________ __________
____________________________________ ___________________________________________
___ __________________________________________________ _______

Part II





















Listening Comprehension

minutes)








(30



说明:
由于
2018

12
月六级考试全国共考了
2< br>套听力,
本套真题听力与前
2
套内容完
全一样,只是顺序不一样,因此 在本套真题中不再重复出现。


Part III

Reading Comprehension



(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please
mark
the
corresponding
letter
for
each
item
on
Answer
Sheet
2

with
a
single
line
through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
In
what

s
probably
the
craziest
headline
I

ve
ever
written,
I

ve
reported
that

26

in
livestock
protection
are
happening
with
scientists
painting
eyes
on
the
butts
of
cows.
The
experiment
is
based
upon
the
idea
that
farmers
who

re
protecting
their
herd
from
lions
would
shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results
in many lion deaths that

27

would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been

28

and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted
eyes on cow butts.
This idea is based on the principle that lions and other

29

are far less likely to attack when
they
feel
they
are
being
watched.
As
conservation
areas
become
smaller,
lions
are
increasingly
coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the

30

of these protected
areas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual
headway in the fight for conservation.

If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana

and

31


with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions
safe from being killed.


Lions are

32

ambush
(埋伏)
hunters, so when they feel their prey has

33

them, they
usually
give
up
on
the
hunt.
Researchers
are

34

testing
their
idea
on
a
select
herd
of
cattle.
They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite
tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to

35

if their psychological
trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.


A)advances






I

otherwise
B)boundaries



J)predators
C)challenging





K) primarily
D)currently




L

retorted
E)determine




M

spotted
F)devising





N) testimonies
G)elsewhere





O

wrestle
H)nevertheless



Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions
by
marking
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet 2
.



















Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How Y
ou Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how
much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies.
We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute
work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing
work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the
same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with
(继续处理)
the
emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We

re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can

t we be
tougher, more resilient

有复原力的)
and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the
goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the
problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a
misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic,

tough

approach to resilience and determination like a
Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player
picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out,
the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception
is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to
be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of
recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery

whether
by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our
phones

is costing our companies $$62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn

t mean we are recovering. We

stop

work
sometimes at 5 pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking
about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we

ll do tomorrow.
In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become
workaholics
(工作狂)
. The scientists cite a definition of

workaholism

as

being overly
concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time
and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.


[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of
American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S.. Our study will
use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends
our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health
care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach
their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3 am to finish a
science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an
exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving;
he doesn

t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self- control
with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the
opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we

re young only magnify when we hit
the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the
performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout.
Gathering your resources to

try hard

requires burning energy in order to overcome your
currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due
to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance.
The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.



[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a
task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you
start again later in the day or the next morning, you

ll have your energy back. But surely everyone
reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain
is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel
exhausted the next day. That

s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you

re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external
recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper:

Internal
recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work
day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention
or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task
are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside
of work

e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or
vacations.

If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on
your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain
has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our
bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give
yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy
Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control
overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you
turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free
zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their
phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5
hours a day.
[L]In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try
to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends

not talking
about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises
your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we

ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip
into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time
we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more
challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to
music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to
return to the performance zone.



36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.


37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.



38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one

s work efficiency.


39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.


40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.


41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.


42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.


43.
The
author
has
come
to
see
that
his
problem
results
from
a
misunderstanding
of
the
meaning of resilience.


44. People

s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.





Section C
Directions: T
here are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A),
B),
C)and
D).
You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a
single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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