victoria民权运动背景英文版介绍

2021年1月24日发(作者：裁员英文)

民权运动背景介绍

The day is August twenty-eighth, nineteen sixty-three. More than two hundred fifty thousand
people are gathered in Washington. Black and white, young and old, they demand equal
treatment for black Americans. The nation's most famous civil rights leader, the Reverend
Martin Luther King Junior, is speaking. MARTIN LUTHER KING:
today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration of freedom in the history
of our nation.
1963
年
8
月
28
日，超过
25
万美国人在首都华盛顿举行集会。白人和黑人，年轻的和年长的，他们聚集
在一起，为非洲裔美 国人争取平等权益。美国最著名的民权运动领导人马丁
.
路德
.
金发表讲话说 ：
“
我很高
兴今天能够加入你们的行列，这将成为我们历史上最伟大的争取自由的示威 。
”

Early in its history, black Africans were brought to America as slaves. They were bought and
sold, like animals. By the time of America's Civil War in the eighteen sixties, many had been
freed by their owners. Many, however, still worked as slaves on the plantations, or large
farms, of the South. By the end of the war, slavery had been declared unconstitutional. But
that was only the first step in the struggle for equality.
最初，非洲人作为奴隶被 卖到美国。他们像动物一样被任意买卖。到
1860
年代美国内战时，很多奴隶主
已经 将自由还给了他们。但是在美国南部，很多黑人仍然在大农场上像奴隶一样工作。内战结束时，林肯
宣布 奴隶制违宪。然而，这只是争取平等的第一步。

Most people of color could not get good jobs. They could not get good housing. They had far
less chance of a good education than white Americans. For about one hundred years, blacks
made slow gains. Widespread activism for civil rights did not really begin until after World
War Two. During the war, black Americans earned respect as members of the armed forces.
When they came home, many demanded that their civil rights be respected, too. An
organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, led the way.
有色人种很难得到好工作，不能租到好房子，与白种人相比，他们很难接受良好的教育。在之 后的
100
年
里，黑人在争取权益方面没有取得什么进步。大规模民权运动直到二战后 才逐渐展开。二战期间，黑人作
为军人赢得了社会的尊重。退伍回家后，他们希望自己的民权也能得到尊 重。一个叫做全国有色人种协进
会的组织领导了美国的民权运动。

In nineteen fifty-one, the organization sent its lawyers to help a man in the city of Topeka,
Kansas. The man, Oliver Brown, and twelve others had brought legal action against the city.
They wanted to end racial separation in their children's schools. That policy was known as
segregation.
1951
年，全国有色人种协进会派律师协助美国堪萨斯 州托皮卡的一名男子。这名名叫奥利佛
.
布朗的男子
连同其他
12
人 一起，对托皮卡市提出起诉。他们希望结束学校里的
“
种族隔离制度
”
。
At that time, two of every five public schools in America had all white students or all black
students. The law said all public schools must be equal, but they were not. Schools for white
children were almost always better than schools for black children. The situation was worst in
Southern states.
那时，美国五分之二的公立学校都是 全白人学校或者全黑人学校。法律上明文规定，公立学校必须平等对
待所有学生，但实际情况并非如此。 白人学校普遍比黑人学校要好，尤其是在美国南部。


The case against the city of Topeka -- Brown versus the Board of Education -- was finally
settled by the nation's highest court. In nineteen fifty- four, the Supreme Court ruled that
separate schools for black children were not equal to schools for white children. The next year,
it said public schools must accept children of all races as quickly as possible.
布朗诉托皮卡市教育委员会这一案件 最终被送往美国联邦最高法院审理。
1954
年，美国最高法院裁决，
黑人儿童就读的 隔离学校与白人儿童就读的学校确实存在着不平等待遇。

第二年，
法院要求公立学校必须
尽快落实招收所有种族的儿童入学。

In September nineteen fifty-seven, a black girl attempted to enter an all-white school in the
city of Little Rock, Arkansas. An angry crowd shouted at her. State guards blocked her way.
The guards had been sent by the state governor, Orville Faubus. After three weeks, a federal
court ordered Governor Faubus to remove the guards. The girl, Elizabeth Eckford, and other
black students were able to enter the school. After one day, however, riots forced the black
students to leave.
1957
年
9
月，一名黑人小女孩想进入美国阿肯色州小岩城的一所白人学校就读。结果一群白人愤怒地对
她吼叫。阿肯色州警卫也堵着路不让她进入。这些警卫是阿肯色州州长奥瓦尔
.
福布斯派去的。 三周过后，
一个联邦法庭下令福布斯撤回警卫。
这个叫伊丽莎白
.
埃克福德的 小女孩和其他几名黑人小孩这才进入了这
所学校。然而，仅仅一天过后，暴力冲突就让这些黑人孩子不得 不离开了学校。

President Dwight Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock. They helped black
students get into the white school safely. However, angry white citizens closed all the city's
public schools. The schools stayed closed for two years.
艾森豪威尔总统派联邦军队到小岩城维持秩序。军队帮 助黑人孩子安全地回到这所白人学校。但是，恼怒
的白人市民一气之下关闭了这个城市所有的公立学校， 一关就是两年。

In nineteen sixty-two, a black student named James Meredith sought to attend the University
of Mississippi. School officials refused. John Kennedy, the president at that time, sent federal
law officers to help him. James Meredith became the first black person to graduate from the
University of Mississippi.
1962年，一个名叫詹姆斯
.
梅雷迪斯的黑人学生想就读密西西比大学，遭到学校官员的拒绝。当 时的总统
约翰
.
肯尼迪派联邦执法官员帮助他顺利入学，使他成为第一位毕业于密西西 比大学的黑人学生。


In addition to fighting for equal treatment in education, black Americans fought for equal
treatment in housing and transportation.
除了教育领域外，美国黑人也力求在住房和交通上获得平等对待。

In many cities of the South, blacks were forced to sit in the back of buses. In nineteen
fifty-five, a black woman named Rosa Parks got on a bus in the city of Montgomery, Alabama.
She sat in the back. The bus became crowded. There were no more seats for white people. So,
the bus driver ordered Missus Parks to stand and give her seat to a white person. She refused.
Her feet were tired after a long day at work. Rosa Parks was arrested.
当时在美国南部许多城市，黑人只能坐在公交车车厢的最后面。
1955
年，一位名叫罗莎
.
帕克斯的黑人妇
女在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市坐公交车。当 时她坐在最后一排。

然而，公交车上的人越来越多，最后有些白