公斤直接引语改为间接引语

2021年1月24日发(作者：singular)
直接引语改为间接引语

1.
陈述句的间接引语
—
连接词用
that,
在口语中可省略。引述动词用
said,
told,
等。例如：






He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
→

He told me that he had left his book
in his room.

2.
疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接

词用
if
或
whe ther
，而引述选择疑问
句时只能用
whether
，引述动词用
asked
，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语
me, him
等。


例如：






She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
→

She asked Tom if /whether he could

help her.

3.
特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：


The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
→

The teacher asked me how I had

repaired it.

4.
如何变时态：










直接引语













间接引语

一般现在时

















一般过去时

一般将来时

















过去将来时



现在进行时

















过去进行时

一般过去时

















过去完成时

过去完成时

















过去完成时

现在完成时

















过去完成时

如：

1)

She said. “I have lost a pen.”→She said she had lost a pen.

2)

She said. “We hope so.”→She said they hoped so.

3)

She said. “He will go to see his friend.”→She said he would go to see his friend.

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

(1)
直接引语是客观真理。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the

teacher told m
e. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon
moves around the earth.
(2)
直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时
,
时态
不变。


Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on
April 20, 1980.
(3)
直接引语中被引述的部 分是反复出现的
,
习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存
在的
,
变间接引 语时
,
时态保持不变。


The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

→

The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

(4)
若直接引语中含有
when, since, while
等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
,
变
间接引语时
,
从句时态不变。如：


She said, “I went there when I was six years
old.”
→

She said she had gone there
when she was six years old.

(5)
若直接引语的谓语中含有
would,
should,
might,
must,
used
to,
ought
to,
had

1
better
等动词时。如：


She said, “We should help each other.”
→

She said we should help each other.

5.
如何变状语：




直接引语变 间接引语，
状语变化有其内在规律，
时间状语由
“
现在
”
改 为
“
原来
”
例
: now
变为
then, yesterday
变为

the day before, today
变为
that day
。




地点状语
,
尤其表示方向性的
,
或用指示代词修饰的状语
,
由
“
此
”
改为
“
彼
”

(
例
: this
改为
that),
如：

He said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
: this
→

that; these
→

those now
→

then;
yesterday
→

the day before; today
→

that day; tomorrow
→

the next day; next week
(month, year)
→

the next week (month, year); ago
→

before; here
→

there
．

祈使句的直接引语和间接引语

祈使句的间 接引语
——
采用
“
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式< br>”
结构。




told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.
如果 祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用
ask
，如果是表示命令，间接引语
的动词常 用
tell, order, command
等。

直接引语

(
变化前
)
间接引语
(
变化后
)
祈使句


不定式

The
officer
said
to
him,
“Don’t
The officer ordered him not to leave his
leave your post.”

post.
直接引语

(
变化前
)
间接引语
(
变化后
)
Let’s
开头的祈使句

that
引导的宾语从句


I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”

I suggested to him that we (should) start
at once.
直接引语

(
变化前
)
感叹句

He said: “How happy I am!”

间接引语
(
变化后
)
that/what/how
引导的宾语从句

He said that he was very happy.
He said how happy he was.
例如
:

1. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
→

The teacher told the
students not to waste their time.

2. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
→

The mother asked Tom to get up
early.
直接引语如果是以
“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用
“suggest
+
动
句词（或从句）
。
”
例如：



He said,
to the film.
或
He suggested that they should go to see the film.
练一练

1.“Please close the window,” he said
to me.
→
He ______ me _____ the window.

A. said to; to close














B. told to; closing

C. asked; to close














D. said to; please close
2. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.


2