-
【考纲展现】
该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能
力。
比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，
更 能体现对考生的
综合语言运用能力的考查。
【真题评析】
（天津卷）第一节
:
阅读表达（共
5
小题
;
每小题2
分
,
满分
10
分）
阅读下面短文
,
并按照题目要求用英语回答问题
.
Almost everybody in
America
will spend a part of his or
her life behind
a shopping cart
（购物手推车）
.
They
will,
in
a
lifetime,
push
the
chrome-plated
contraptions
many
miles.
But few will know
—
or even think to ask
—
who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the
supermarket business. Every
day
he would see shoppers lugging
（吃力地携带）
groceries
around in baskets they had to carry.
One
day
Goldman
suddenly
had
the
idea
of
putting
baskets
on
wheels.
The
wheeled
baskets
would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more
business.
On
June
4,
1937,
Goldman’s
first
carts
were
ready
for
use
in
his
market.
He
was
terribly
excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to
see them using his invention.
But
Goldman
was
disappointed.
Most
shoppers
gave
the
carts
a
long
look,
but
hardly
anybody
would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts.
“Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper
replied.
But Goldman wasn
’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he
could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people
to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real
customers gradually began copying the phony
（假冒的）
customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of
customers
to
his
market.
But
not
only
did
more
people
come
—
those
who
came
bought
more.
With
larger,
easier-to- handle
baskets,
customers
unconsciously
bought
a
greater
number
of items than before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps
that’s
one
reason
Americans
today
spend
more
than
five
times
as
much
money
on
food
each
year as they did before 1937
—
before the coming of the shopping cart.
1. The underlined words “chrome
-
plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.
（
No more than 3 words
）
【答案】
shopping carts
【解析】词义猜测题。由上句
----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart
（购物
手推车）可以得出谈的是
.
购物手推车。
2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （
No more than 10 words
）
【答案】
It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.
【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的
Every day he would see shoppers lugging
（吃力地携带）
groceries
和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。
3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first?
（
No more than 10 words
）
【答案】
Because few customers used his carts.
【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。
4.
Why
did
Goldman
hire
people
to
push
carts
around
his
market?
（
No
more
than
10
words
）
【答案】
Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.
【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词
---persuade people to give them a try.
可知。
5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons.
（
No more than 20 words
）
【答案】
He
was a smart businessman. He invented
the shopping cart and made it accepted
by customers.
Or: He was smart but he
shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.
【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文 主要介绍
Goldman
和他的购物手推车。
【专题分析】
此题型与阅读理解相比，
既有相同点也存在着区别。
其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考
查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方 面：
1.
阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，
而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，
这不仅需要考生将文章理解，
还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，
而 且要受到字数的限制。
这就是说阅读理
解只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解了，
就能作对题目，
而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文
章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表 达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2.
阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；
阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3.
在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只 有
一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：
主旨概括、填空、 翻
译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）
、其他类型
等七种 类型，答案
往往是不唯一的。
这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：
问题类型
主旨概括
常见问题
What’s the best title of the passage?
What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage?
What’s the main idea of the passage/article?
填空
Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words
or phrases.
翻译句子
Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese.
同意句替换
Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the
following one.
封闭性问题
Regular close-ended wh- questions based on the passage.
开放性问题
What would you do if you …?
What other suggestions would you give?
How would you settle the problem if you…?
其他类型
…
每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，< br>问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出
现的顺序进行排列。
其他类型的题目属于不 确定题型，
是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的
与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。
还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间，
在每一个需
要考生回答的
问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）
。
【专题技巧】
1
、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目 ，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概
括中心思想，
考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。
要想答好该题，
考生必须有很强的概括能力
或归纳能力，标题要简洁
,
要善于 寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事
实或者作者所用的论据，
即要分清 主旨和细节，
概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个
段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或 者以偏概全，可以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，
尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，
这里往往是文章的主旨所在；
文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，
简洁的短语，
也可以用 问题的形式，
同时要注意字数要求。
具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出
关键词，其中 主要看题目的第
2
、
3
、
5
小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在 此基础上搜寻关键词、主
题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题 或者文章的
main
idea
，把握语篇实质。
2
、 同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简单，只要对句子
的 意义进行正确的理解，
弄透所给句子的意思，
然后根据语句中的关键词，
迅速找出在文 中相对
应的意义相同的句子即可。
另外还应注意这种替换中数字表达形式的变化，
与主 动句与被动句的
边化。
需要注意的是：
考生在文章中准确找到原句后要将其完整的抄写 在答题纸所给定的位置上，
切不可只是写上第“某某”个句子（
The XX sentence in paragraph XX.
）了事，这样是不能
得分的！
3
、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首 先注意弄清楚语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、
并列、对比、因果等等，注意上下文，前后 句的联系；然后根据上下文的含义猜测出空白处该填
句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，看上下文是否 通顺，最后确定答案。
上下文之间的关系通常有下列几种，这些关系通常通过一些
连词
表示出来：
A
．同位关系（并列关系）
标志词：and,
also,
likewise,
similarly,
too,
either…or,
neither…nor,
not…but…,
not
only…but also…, in the same way, equally, …
B
．递进关系
标志词：
then;
besides;
in
addition;
additionally;
what
is
more;
moreover,
further,
…
C
．对比关系（转折关系）
标志词：
but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately,
while,
on
the
contrary,
in
contrast,
by
contrast,
in
comparison,
conversely,
on
the
other
hand, …
D
．因果关系
标志词：
because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly,
consequently, as a result, …
E
．让步关系
标志词：although;
though;
even
though;
even
if;
nevertheless;
despite;
in
spite
of;
…
F
．时间关系
标志词：
when, while, as, after, before, sin
ce, until, as soon as, once, …
G
．条件关系
标志词：
if,
suppose
（
that
）
, supposing
（
that
）
, unless, in case,
so
（
as
）
long as, so
far, on condition
（
that
）
, provided
（
that
）
, providing
（
that
）,without, …
I.
表示目的（意图）
标志词：
to, in order to, so as to,
so that,
in
order
that, lest
, for fear that, as, …
H
．解释与被解释关系
标志词：
is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is
（
that
）…, …
4
、
翻译句子：
本题主要考查考生理解英语语句的基本能力，
是对学生综合语言知识理解和 运用
的考察，
而且需要将其转译成汉语，
因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。
在该类题目中要求翻
译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。
因此，翻译时一定要先分析句子结
构，找准句子的主干成分，然后确定一些附属的部分，如定语，状语、插 入语等等，并结合文章
中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题 特征的差异，
最后在忠实于原文的基础上，可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化、语序转化等技巧把英语 中的
从句
（定语从句及名词性从句）
和较长的短语往往单独翻译，
从而把画线 部分的长句翻译成符合
汉语表达习惯的句子。
5
、
封闭性问题：
封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，
一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或
依据。< br>每篇文章的作者会运用事实、
分析原因或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点，
本题
型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答，
首先要仔细地看懂问题，
明确问题问的是什么，< br>然后按照题
意进行寻读，找到文中的重要事实或细节，常与
what, when, where, who, which, why
等有关。
常见题的提问方式：
① What cause…?
② What does the writer really mean by saying…
③ Why does the author mention…?
④What are the reasons why…?
⑤Which is the result of…?
⑥Where in the passage does the author describe…？
6
、开放性问题：是阅 读表达中主观性最强的试题，解答比较容易，要根据文章提供的线索，调
动自己所学的综合英语知识，< br>结合个人的观点、
经验选择较容易回答的点回答相关问题。
这类题
会有字数要求 ，回答必须完整，即怎么问，怎么答。如：要回答“which … is the … ”，不
要只是说“The first/ second one.”要把句子写完整；回答
“ why”的问题时最好用上
“because”。常见题的提问方式：
① What would you do if you were…？
② What other suggestions would you give?
③ How would you settle the problem if you were …?
7
、
其他类型：
该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除 以上
6
种类型以外的类型的题，
比如
设计图表题，
推理判断题等，< br>问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排
列。
还有，
答题字数要求
（
Please answer within 10/15/20 words
）
：一般情况下，考生回答问题
所书写的英文会限制在
50
个以下
（句子替代和句子翻译除外）
，
以控制考生在该试题上所 花费的
时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。
新课程 标准提高了对高中生英语阅读及写作能力的要求，
但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍
制约着 学生这些能力的提高，
要提高学生阅读表达能力，
首先要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因
素。
解答阅读题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、< br>问题的类型和掌握一定的答题技巧，
并在老师的
指导下进行一定量的针对性训练；
尤其要注意的是平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及
书写的训练。
8
、要保持书写清楚，工整；卷面整洁、干净。给阅卷老师留下一个好印象。
【专题训练】
（一）
当今社会“感恩”话题盛行，
总有 一些有关感恩的人和事会让我们思考良久。
这篇阅读表达题会
给我们一些很好的启示，让我们有 深深的感悟。
Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing
supper
，
and
handed
her
a
piece
of
paper
that
he
had
been
writing
on.
After
his
mom
dried
her
hands
on
an
apron
，
she
read
it
，
and
this
is
what
it
said
：
For
cutting
the
grass
$$5.
00For cleaning up my room this week $$1. 00For going to the store for you $$0. 50
Baby
－
sitting my kid brother while you went shopping $$0. 25
Taking out the garbage $$1. 00
For getting a good report card $$5. 00
For cleaning up and raking the yard $$2. 00
Total owed: $$14. 75
Well
，I’ll tell you，
his mother looked at him standing there expectantly
，
and boy
，
could I see the memories flashing through her mind. So she picked up the pen
，
turned
over the paper he’d written on，
and this is what she wrote
：
For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me
，
No Charge.
For all the nights that I’ve sat up with you，
doctored and prayed for you
，
No Charge.
For all the trying times
，and all the tears that you’ve caused through the years，
there’s No Charge.
For all the nights that were filled with dread
，
and for the worries I knew were ahead
，
No Charge
For the toys
，
food
，
clothes
，
and even wiping your nose
，there’s No Charge，
Son.
When you___________________
，
the cost of my love is No Charge.
Well
，
friends
，
when our son finished reading what his mother had written
，
there were
great big old tears in his eyes
，
and he looked straight up at his mother and said
：
“Mom，I
sure
do
love
you.
”And
then
he
took
the
pen
and
in
great
big
letters
he
wrote：
“PAID IN FULL”.
1. What’s the best title of the passage?
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Although
you
have
brought
me
hard
times
and
many
tears
in
these
years,
you
needn’t
pay
for them.
3. Please
fill in
the blank
in the passage with
proper words or
phrases
to complete the
sentence.
（
within ten words
）
4. What do you learn after reading the passage?
（
within 30 words
）
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
（二）
“如果你信念坚定，
你只需要坚信所发生每一个结果都对你有利。< br>也许过一段时间之后，
你就会
明白了”。相信这样主题的阅读表达文章能够让学生受益匪 浅。
Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family.
The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion’s guest room.
Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement.
As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and
repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied,
“Things aren’t always what they seem.”
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable
farmer and his wife.
After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed
where they could have a good night’s rest.
When
the
sun
came
up
the
next
morning
the
angels
found
the
farmer
and
his
wife
in
tears.
Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field.
The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this
happen?
The
first
man
had
everything,
yet
you
helped
him,
she
accused.
The
second
family
had little but ___________________, and you let the cow die.
“Things aren’t always what they seem,” the older angel replied.
“When
we
stayed
in
the
basement
of
the
mansion,
I
noticed
there
was
gold
stored
in
that
hole in the
wall.
Since
the
owner
was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to
share
his
good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldn’t find it. ”
“Then
last
night
as
we
slept
in
the
farmer’s
bed,
the
angel
of
death
came
for
his
wife.
I gave him the cow instead. Things aren’t always what they seem. ”
Sometimes
that
is
exactly
what
happens
when
things
don’t
turn
out
the
way
they
should.
If
you
have
faith,
you
just
need
to
trust
that
every
outcome
is
always
to
your
advantage.
You just might not know it until sometime later.
1. What’s the best title of the passage?
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
The couple shared their little food with the two angels and then spared their bed for
the two angels to rest for a good night willingly.
3. Please
fill in
the blank
in the passage with
proper words or
phrases
to complete the
sentence.
（
within ten words
）
4. Do you think life is equal for the two families? And why?
（
within 30 words
）
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
（三）
“年轻时就要学会省钱，这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于年青时代.
.
.
”对于新时代
的青年人，
如何面对理财，
如何学会 理财是值得我们深思的问题。
这篇阅读表达题会从某些方面
给我们以启迪
. . . .
Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons arid
habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people
—
adults
included
—
do not have a good sense of saving for the long run.
I
have
been
lucky
to
learn
this
lesson
early
because
I
have
had
a
grass-cutting
business
since
I
was
10
years
old.
Of
the
money
I
make
I
spend
about
10
percent
and
save
the
other
90.
Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have
put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never
has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great
time to begin saving.
At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small.
If you have a lob, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save
some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend
money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned
by saving it.
After
high
school,
college
is
expensive
and
then
life
begins,
with
expenses
such
as
food
and
rent.
If
you
can
hold
onto
a
good
percentage
of
the
money
you
earn
as
a
teen,
going
to
college
and
buying
a
house
will
be
much
easier.
________________,
the
more
time
the
money
has to grow. If you
are in your thirties without any savings,
you
will always
have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg.
Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more
expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house
and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving.
Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead
a secure life.
Saving
early
will
mean
you
will
have
to
work
for
fewer
years
when
you
are
older.
It
will
also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.
In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.
1. What’s the best title of the pass
age?
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
As long as you save early, you’ll do less work to live well at your old age.
3. Please
fill in
the blank
in the passage with
proper words or
phrases
to complete the
sentence.
（
within 10 words
）
4 According to the passage, what do you think of saving?
（
within 30 words
）
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
（四）
“如何真正处理好孩子与父母间的关系”一 直是我们非常关注和想了解的话题。
沟通是必要的方
式之一，可如何能够进行真正心灵上的沟通 ？我们，作为父母的，作为孩子的，都得需要思索。
这篇文章会给你一定的启示
. . . .
I
was
13
years
old.
My
family
had
moved
to
Southern
California
from
North
Florida
a
year
before.
I
hit
adolescence
with
a
vengeance.
I
was
angry
and
rebellious,
with
little
regard
for anything my parents had to say, particularly if it had to do with me. Like so many
teenagers,
I
struggled
to
escape
from
anything
that
didn't
agree
with
my
picture
of
the
world.
A
without
need
of
guidance
kid,
I
rejected
any
overt
offering
of
love.
In fact, I got angry at the mention of the word love.
One night, after a particularly difficult day, I _____________, shut the door and got
into
bed.
As
I
lay
down
in
the
privacy
of
my
bed,
my
hands
slipped
under
my
pillow.
There
was
an
envelope.
I
pulled
it
out
and
on
the
envelope
it
said,
read
when
you're
alone.
Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it. It said
everything right.
I
also know
that I love you
completely and nothing you do or say will
ever change that. I am here for you if you ever need to talk, and if you don't, that's
okay. Just know that no matter where you go or what you do in your life, I will always
love you and be proud that you are my son. I'm here for you and I love you
—
hat will
never change. Love, Mom.
That was the first of several
mentioned until I was an adult.
Today
I
travel
the
world
helping
people.
I
was
in
Sarasota,
Florida,
teaching
a
seminar
when,
at
the
end
of
the
day,
a
lady
came
up
to
me
and
shared
the
difficulty
she
was
having
with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom's undying love and
about the
said she had written her first letter and left it for her son.
That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief
I felt every time I got a letter. In the midst of my turbulent teen years, the letters
were the calm assurance that I could be loved in spite of me, not because of me. Just
before I fell asleep I thanked God that my mom knew what I, an angry teenager, needed.
Today when the seas of life get stormy, I know that just under my pillow there is that
calm assurance that love - consistent, abiding, unconditional love - changes lives.
1. What’s the best title of the passage?
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
I reached out my hands for the letter under the pillow that night when I went to bed,
and I always felt relief with the letter under my pillow.
3. Please
fill in
the blank
in the passage with
proper words or
phrases
to complete the
sentence.
（
within ten words
）
4. What do you learn after reading the passage?
（
within 30 words
）
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
（五）
本文是属于夹叙夹议 体裁，
反映的是海洋污染的问题。
希望能够从中得到警示，
让我们反醒自己
的 行为。彻底认识到保护自然就是保护我们自己！
！
Every
year
2.
2
million
tons
of
oil
are
spilled
（
散落，溅出
）
into
the
ocean.
Actually,
this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1. 6 billion tons of oil shipped
around
the
world
each
year.
However,
this
spilled
oil
has
terrible
effects
on
ocean
life,
including
the
coastlines
where
the
off
washes
up
onto
shore.
Some
of
the
largest
spills
in
history
were
caused
by
oil
tankers
running
into
each
other
or
by
an
oil
tanker
sailing
into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean.
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